Appendix 1: Volunteer invasive plant recording sheet Your name: Date: Weedbusters! Recording form Species: Surveyed? Yes / No Buds Open Seeds Flowering? Ripe Unripe flowers present? Control Hand-pulling Digging Herbicide techniques: Disposal: Left on site Incineration Other: How many people How much Survey: involved? time did you Control: spend? No. of individual Did you take Population Size plants or stems photographs? 1 m X m 2 m X m 3 m X m 4 _ m X m 5 m X m If possible, please include a GPS reading (in decimal degrees, WGS1984) Population Location details or other notes 1 2 3 4 5 Appendix 2: Eradication effort scoring system Stage 1: Decision tree, adapted from Panetta & Timmins 2004 Areas of relevance to the prioritisation used here are highlighted in red Stage 2: Calculation of eradication impedance scores, adapted from Panetta & Timmins 2004 Category Score Explanation 1 Number of populations 0 Only 1 population known 3 2 or 3 populations known 6 >3 populations known 2 Ease of access 0 All populations accessible by road 3 Some populations only accessed off-road or on islands served by the FIG Air Service 6 Some populations on remote islands not served by the FIG Air Service 3. Length of conspicuous 0 Small populations (c. 1m square) detectable from >100m stage in most habitats for more than 3 months 3 Small populations detectable 1-3 months 6 Small populations detectable <1 month 12 Small populations never easily detectable 4. Conspicuous stage prior 0 Plant is conspicuous before reproduction or plant does not to reproduction produce propagules 3 Plant is not conspicuous before reproduction 5. Distinctive features 0 Plants have distinctive features 3 Plants may be easily confused with similar more common species 6. Vegetative 0 Plants never or rarely reproduce by vegetative fragmentation fragmentation 3 Plants frequently reproduce by vegetative fragmentation 7. Time to first 0 Plants mature after >2 yrs reproduction 2 Plants mature in 2nd year 4 Plants mature in 1st year 6 >1 generation per year 8. Longevity of seedbank 0 Transient <1 year; or plants not known to produce propagules in the Falklands 2 Short-term persistent 1-5 yrs 4 Long-term persistent 5-20 yrs 6 Seedbank >20 yrs 9. Number of controls Number of controls estimated to be needed to kill the most persistent individuals 10. Propagule dispersal 0 All dispersal to new sites is likely to be via anthropogenic vectors, including via livestock 3 Dispersal to new sites likely via both anthropogenic and natural vectors 6 Dispersal to new sites likely to be via natural vectors, especially birds or wind. Notes on the calculation of eradication impedance scores 1. Number of populations Where complete data were unavailable, number of populations was estimated as being equal to the number of 1km grid squares the species is known to be present in. 4. Conspicuous stage prior to reproduction Note that this is largely confounded with the score for length of conspicuous stage, as a score of 3 is applicable for all species scoring 12 for length of conspicuous stage, but is applicable for only 1 species scoring less than 12. 6. Vegetative fragmentation This character may be more significant for aquatic species which are frequently invasive. However, no introduced aquatic species have yet been reported from the Falklands. Only three species score 3 for this question. 8. Longevity of seedbank Data are not available from the Falklands, so data from the Ecological Flora of the British Isles (http://www.ecoflora.co.uk) were used. Where data were unavailable, annual or biennial species were scored 4 and perennial species were scored 2. Calculation of net area Detailed data on the net area of infestation were only available for a few species. Where data were absent, an estimate was made based on either the author’s knowledge of any sites he had visited, or on a conservative figure of 0.01 ha for each 1km grid square the species had been recorded in. Eradication effort scores for weed species uction Eradication Net I x A = impedance Area Eradication Family Species Common name (I) (A) Effort (E) Risk Risk assessment Number of populations Ease of access Length of conspicuous stage Conspicuous prior to reproduction Distinctive features Vegetative fragmentation Time to first reprod Longevity of seedbank Number of controls Propagule dispersal Amaranthaceae Atriplex prostrata Common Orache 12 0 0 12 3 3 0 4 4 1 0 27 0.01 0.27 Apiaceae Anthriscus cf. sylvestris Cow Parsley 15 0 0 3 0 0 0 2 2 1 0 8 0.01 0.08 Apiaceae Conium maculatum Hemlock 16 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 1 0 10 0.02 0.2 Apiaceae Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed 7 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 2 0 11 0.03 0.33 Aspleniaceae Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue 12 3 3 12 3 0 0 0 0 1 6 28 0.01 0.28 Asteraceae Anthemis arvensis Corn Chamomile N A 0 0 3 0 3 0 4 4 1 0 15 0.01 0.15 Asteraceae Anthemis cotula Stinking Chamomile N A 0 0 3 0 3 0 4 6 1 0 17 0.01 0.17 Asteraceae Carduus tenuiflorus Slender Thistle 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 1 3 10 0.01 0.1 Asteraceae Senecio jacobaea European Ragwort 18 3 0 3 0 3 0 2 4 1 3 19 0.02 0.38 Asteraceae Silybum marianum Milk Thistle 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 1 6 11 0.01 0.11 Asteraceae Sonchus oleraceus Smooth Sow-thistle 15 3 6 3 0 3 0 6 4 1 6 32 0.03 0.96 Asteraceae Tussilago farfara Colt's foot 16 0 0 6 3 0 0 2 2 6 0 19 0.01 0.19 Boraginaceae Myosotis arvensis Field Forget-me-not 13 6 0 3 0 3 0 6 4 1 0 23 1 23 Brassicaceae Cardamine hirsuta Wavy Bitter-cress 12 3 0 12 3 3 0 6 4 1 0 32 1.25 40 Brassicaceae Erysimum cheiranthoides Treacle Mustard 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 1 0 9 0.01 0.09 Brassicaceae Sinapis alba White Mustard 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 1 0 9 0.01 0.09 Brassicaceae Sisymbrium officinale Hedge Mustard 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 1 0 9 0.01 0.09 Caryophyllaceae Cerastium glomeratum Sticky Mouse-ear 12 3 3 12 3 3 0 6 4 1 0 35 0.25 8.75 Caryophyllaceae Sagina filicaulis Annual Pearlwort N A 0 0 12 3 3 0 6 2 1 0 27 0.01 0.27 Caryophyllaceae Silene latifolia White Campion 13 0 6 3 0 0 0 2 4 1 0 16 0.01 0.16 Cyperaceae Carex flacca Glaucous Sedge 14 6 0 12 3 3 0 2 4 3 0 33 2 66 Equisetaceae Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail 15 3 0 12 3 0 0 0 0 9 0 27 0.25 6.75 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia helioscopia Sun Spurge 14 0 6 6 0 0 0 6 4 1 0 23 0.01 0.23 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia peplus Petty Spurge 14 3 0 6 0 0 0 6 4 1 0 20 0.02 0.4 Euphorbiaceae Mercurialis annua Annual Mercury 12 0 0 12 3 0 0 6 4 1 0 26 0.01 0.26 Fabaceae Trifolium arvense Hare's-foot Clover 12 0 0 3 0 0 0 4 4 1 0 12 0.01 0.12 Fabaceae Trifolium campestre Hop Trefoil 12 0 0 12 3 3 0 4 4 1 0 27 0.01 0.27 Fabaceae Trifolium fragiferum Strawberry Clover 12 0 0 12 3 3 0 4 0 1 0 23 0.01 0.23 Fabaceae Trifolium striatum Knotted Clover N A 0 0 12 3 3 0 4 6 1 0 29 0.01 0.29 Fabaceae Vicia sativa Common Vetch 12 3 0 12 3 0 0 4 4 1 0 27 0.02 0.54 Fabaceae Vicia sepium Bush Vetch 12 0 0 12 3 0 0 4 4 1 0 24 0.01 0.24 Gentianaceae Centaurium pulchellum Lesser Centaury 13 0 0 3 0 3 0 4 4 1 0 15 0.01 0.15 Geraniaceae Geranium pusillum Small-flowered 12 0 0 12 3 0 0 6 4 1 0 26 0.01 0.26 Geraniaceae Geranium robertianum HerbCrane's Robert-bill 13 3 3 3 0 3 0 6 4 1 0 23 0.02 0.46 Iridaceae Sisyrinchium californicum Californian Yellow- N A 0 0 3 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 9 1 9 Juncaceae Juncus articulatus Jointedmaiden Rush 14 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 3 0 12 0.03 0.36 Juncaceae Juncus bufonius Toad Rush 13 6 0 12 3 0 0 6 4 1 0 32 0.25 8 Juncaceae Juncus effusus Soft Rush 12 6 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 3 0 15 0.5 7.5 Juncaceae Luzula multiflora subsp. Heath Wood-rush 10 6 0 12 3 3 0 2 4 1 0 31 0.01 0.31 Lamiaceae Lamiumcongesta amplexicaule Henbit Dead-nettle 13 3 0 3 0 3 0 6 4 1 0 20 0.03 0.6 Lamiaceae Lamium purpureum var. Red Dead-nettle 12 3 6 3 0 3 0 6 4 1 0 26 0.03 0.78 Lamiaceae Prunellapurpureum vulgaris Selfheal 13 0 0 3 0 0 0 2 4 1 0 10 0.01 0.1 Onagraceae Chamerion angustifolium Rosebay Willowherb 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 3 0 7 0.04 0.28 Onagraceae Epilobium ciliatum N A 0 0 3 0 3 0 6 2 2 3 19 0.25 4.75 Onagraceae Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 3 0 7 0.04 0.28 Onagraceae Epilobium obscurum Short-fruited 12 0 0 3 0 3 0 4 2 2 3 17 0.01 0.17 Orobanchaceae Euphrasia confusa EuropeanWillowherb Eyebright 13 0 0 3 0 0 0 4 2 1 0 10 20 200 Orobanchaceae Parentucellia viscosa Yellow Bartsia 12 0 0 3 0 0 0 4 2 1 0 10 0.04 0.4 Oxalidaceae Oxalis corniculata Yellow-sorrel 15 0 0 3 0 0 0 6 2 3 0 14 1 14 Papaveraceae Papaver lecoqii Yellow-juiced Poppy 13 6 0 3 0 0 0 6 6 1 0 22 0.25 5.5 Plantaginaceae Cymbalaria muralis Ivy-leaved Toadflax 11 0 0 12 0 0 3 4 0 2 0 21 0.04 0.84 Plantaginaceae Plantago coronopus Buck's-horn Plantain 14 3 0 12 3 0 0 6 4 1 0 29 0.02 0.58 Plantaginaceae Plantago major Greater Plantain 16 3 0 12 3 0 0 4 6 1 0 29 0.2 5.8 Plantaginaceae Veronica agrestis Green Field 13 6 3 12 3 3 0 6 4 1 0 38 0.25 9.5 Plantaginaceae Veronica arvensis WallSpeedwell Speedwell 13 6 3 12 3 3 0 6 2 1 0 36 0.25 9 Plantaginaceae Veronica officinalis Heath Speedwell 12 3 0 3 0 0 0 4 4 2 0 16 1.5 24 Poaceae Avena fatua Wild-oat 13 0 0 3 0 0 0 4 4 1 0 12 0.01 0.12 Poaceae Bromus catharticus 11 3 0 12 3 3 0 4 2 1 0 28 0.02 0.56 Poaceae Bromus erectus Upright Brome 13 0 0 12 3 3 0 4 2 1 0 25 0.01 0.25 Poaceae Bromus sterilis Barren Brome 13 0 0 12 3 0 0 4 0 1 0 20 0.01 0.2 Poaceae Cynosurus echinatus Rough Dog's-tail 12 3 0 12 3 0 0 4 2 1 0 25 0.01 0.25 Poaceae Elymus farctus Sand Couch 13 0 0 12 3 3 0 4 4 3 0 29 0.01 0.29 Poaceae Hordeum comosum Hairy Barley 12 3 0 3 0 0 0 4 2 1 0 13 0.01 0.13 Poaceae Hordeum murinum Wall Barley 12 0 0 3 0 0 0 4 2 1 0 10 0.01 0.1 Poaceae Phalaris canariensis Canary-grass 11 0 0 12 3 0 0 4 2 1 0 22 0.01 0.22 Poaceae Puccinellia glaucescens Saltmarsh-grass 10 0 0 12 3 3 0 4 2 1 0 25 0.01 0.25 Poaceae Trisetum spicatum N A 0 0 12 3 3 0 4 0 1 0 23 0.01 0.23 Poaceae Triticum aestivum Wheat 7 0 0 3 0 0 0 4 0 1 0 8 0.01 0.08 Polygonaceae Persicaria maculosa Redshank 13 0 0 3 0 0 0 6 6 1 0 16 0.01 0.16 Polygonaceae Polygonum arenastrum N A 0 0 12 3 3 0 6 4 1 0 29 0.01 0.29 Polygonaceae Polygonum aviculare Commo n Knotgrass 12 3 0 3 0 0 0 6 4 1 0 17 0.01 0.17 Polygonaceae Rumex acetosella subsp.