The World Bank Asia Sustainable and Alternative Energy Program China Meeting the Challenges of Offshore and Large-Scale Wind Power: Regulatory Review of Offshore Wind in Five European Countries China: Meeting the Challenges of Offshore and Large-Scale Wind Power Joint publication of the National Energy Administration of China and the World Bank Supported by the Australian Agency for International Development and ASTAE Copyright © 2010 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank Group 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433, USA All rights reserved First printing: May 2010 Manufactured in the United States of America. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Australian Agency for International Development. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this report are entirely those of the authors and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, or its affiliated organizations, or to members of its board of executive directors or the countries they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility whatsoever for any consequence of their use. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this volume do not imply on the part of the World Bank Group any judgment on the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Contents Preface ........................................................................................................................................vii Acknowledgments ....................................................................................................................viii Glossary .......................................................................................................................................ix Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................xi 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................1 2. Market Development .............................................................................................................3 The European Union .................................................................................................................................................7 Denmark ...................................................................................................................................................................8 Germany .................................................................................................................................................................11 The Netherlands .....................................................................................................................................................13 Spain .......................................................................................................................................................................20 The United Kingdom ...............................................................................................................................................21 Comparative Summary ...........................................................................................................................................23 3. Targets and Incentives .........................................................................................................25 The European Union ...............................................................................................................................................25 Denmark .................................................................................................................................................................28 Germany .................................................................................................................................................................31 The Netherlands .....................................................................................................................................................34 Spain .......................................................................................................................................................................35 The United Kingdom ...............................................................................................................................................37 Comparative Summary ...........................................................................................................................................40 4. Regulatory Framework ........................................................................................................41 Key Applicable Laws and Conventions ...................................................................................................................41 The European Union ........................................................................................................................................42 Denmark ..........................................................................................................................................................42 Germany ..........................................................................................................................................................42 The Netherlands ..............................................................................................................................................44 Spain ...............................................................................................................................................................44 The United Kingdom .......................................................................................................................................44 Concession Award and Seabed Ownership ...........................................................................................................45 Denmark ..........................................................................................................................................................45 Germany ..........................................................................................................................................................45 The Netherlands ..............................................................................................................................................46 Spain ...............................................................................................................................................................47 The United Kingdom .......................................................................................................................................47 Licensing and Consenting ......................................................................................................................................48 Denmark ..........................................................................................................................................................48 Germany ..........................................................................................................................................................48 The Netherlands ..............................................................................................................................................49 Spain ...............................................................................................................................................................49 The United Kingdom .......................................................................................................................................50 iii iv Contents Government Bodies ................................................................................................................................................51 The European Union ........................................................................................................................................51 Denmark ..........................................................................................................................................................51 Germany ..........................................................................................................................................................52 The Netherlands ..............................................................................................................................................52 Spain ...............................................................................................................................................................54 The United Kingdom .......................................................................................................................................54 Grid Access ............................................................................................................................................................56 The European Union ........................................................................................................................................56 Denmark ..........................................................................................................................................................56