Creative Commons and GNU Free Documentation Licensing: In the lists of figures and tables, the term “Creative Commons License” or “GNU Free Documentation License” refers to one of several different licenses as indicated in the list below. The details of any particular license are available at the url provided. • Creative Commons License (CC BY 2.0): “Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic,” http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/2.0/ • Creative Commons License (CC BY-ND 2.0): “Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic,” http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/2.0/ • Creative Commons License (CC BY-SA 3.0): “Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported,” http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ • GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL v1.2): http://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/fdl-1.2. en.html List of Figures Figures for the Introduction ix 1 Some measures of the “size” of humanity (from [308]). Source: From [308]. Reprinted with permission. x 2 The “blue marble.” Source: NASA. Public domain. http://tinyurl.com/y6vmy47o .............. xi 3 Marine rescue operation in Galveston, Texas, following Hurricane Harvey, August 31, 2017. Source: Sgt. Ian Ferro. Public domain. Marine Corp Photo 170831-M-TI204-002.JPG. http://tinyurl.com/ycsxqhb9 .... xii 4 Sustainability and limits. Redrawn from [65]. Source: From [65]. Redrawn with permission. xiii 5 Pope Francis has said: “These ancient stories...bear witness to a conviction which we today share: that everything is interconnected, and that genuine care for our own lives and our relationships to nature is inseparable from . justice and faithfulness to others” [123]. Source: a katz/Shutterstock. Standard license. Stock photo ID: 320559005. xvi Figures for Chapter 1 3 1 Measuring instruments. Source: pio3/Shutterstock. Standard license. Stock vector ID: 80904334. 3 2 Boeing 747 at takeoff. Source: Adrian Pingstone/Wikimedia Commons. Oct 21, 2007. Public domain. http: //tinyurl.com/y9d3x75a ............................................. 5 3 Illustrating the formation of units of area. Source: Produced by author using TIKZ ................. 9 4 Illustrating the formation of units of volume. Source: Produced by author using TIKZ . 11 5 Celsius and Fahrenheit comparison. Source: Gringer/Wikipedia. Public domain. http://tinyurl.com/gku4uqd 14 6 A grown elephant can weigh 4 tons. Source: Ikiwaner/Wikipedia. GNU Free Documentation License version 1.2. http://tinyurl.com/y9xc3azr .......................................... 18 7 All the water on Earth would fit into a “raindrop” 430 miles in radius. Source: Produced by author using TIKZ. Photo of Earth from NASA. Public domain. http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/resources/blogs/ earthday_day_lrg.jpg. Image of water texture. Public domain. 20 8 Standing by the Sun on the Sagan Planet Walk. Source: Author photo. 21 9 A smart phone calculator app. Turning the phone on its side changes the display and the set of buttons available. Source: Screen captures by author. 31 © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 491 J. Roe et al., Mathematics for Sustainability, Texts for Quantitative Critical Thinking, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76660-7 492 List of Figures 10 A smart phone calculator app. To enter numbers in scientific notation, use the E button. Results can be displayed in the usual way (“FIXED” mode, shown on the left) or using scientific notation by choosing the “FLOAT” mode (center and right). Source: Screen captures by author. 32 11 Dinosaur skeleton. Source: Davide Costanzo/Flickr. Nov 11, 2011. Creative Commons license (CC BY 2.0). http://tinyurl.com/y97zsbqs .......................................... 33 12 Planes at San Francisco Airport. Source: Erik Pesik/Flickr. Jun 29, 2007. Creative Commons license (CC BY 2.0). http://tinyurl.com/y77e7vsy ....................................... 40 13 Fireworks. Source: TMAB2003/Flickr. June 27, 2009. Creative Commons license (CC BY-ND 2.0). http:// tinyurl.com/ycy54gva .............................................. 45 14 Ocean currents and garbage. Source: Greenpeace [167]. 2012. Reprinted with Permission. 46 15 Bar chart representation of the data in Table 11 on page 47 on U.S. peak generating capacity from various sources (gigawatts). Source: Produced by author using TIKZ. Data Source: Table /vrefCD1 . 49 16 Pie chart representation of the data in Table 11 on page 47 on U.S. peak generating capacity from various sources (gigawatts). Source: Produced by author using TIKZ. Data Source: Table 11 on page 47 . 49 17 Scatter plot of data from Table 12 on page 47 on U.S. natural gas production (billions of cubic feet per quarter). Source: Produced by author using TIKZ. Data from Table 12 on page 47 . 50 18 The Keeling curve, which shows atmospheric CO2 concentrations in parts per million by volume (ppmv). Source: NOAA/Wikimedia Commons. May 12, 2013. Creative Commons license (CC BY-SA 3.0).http://tinyurl. com/y9vsxaxy .................................................... 50 19 Scatter plot of the data from Table 12 on page 47 on U.S. natural gas production (billions of cubic feet per quarter). Source: Produced by author using TIKZ. Data from Table 12 on page 47 . 51 20 Obama administration (2015) graphic of high school graduation rates. Source: White House tweet [245]. 52 21 Senate Budget Committee (2012) graphic of welfare rolls. Source: Senate budget committee graphic [294]. Accessed via [149]................................................... 52 22 Body temperature plot. Source: Produced by author using TIKZ ........................... 52 23 Body temperature plot starting at zero. Source: Produced by author using TIKZ . 52 24 Prevalence of West Nile virus. Avoid the use of three-dimensional charts. Source: From [319]. Original source unknown . 53 25 U.S. annual energy consumption by fuel source as a percentage of total (2016). Avoid using 3-dimensional charts. Source: Produced by the author using TIKZ. Data source: [191] TIKZ ........................ 54 26 Average temperatures in PA plotted against time. Source: Produced by author using TIKZ . 54 27 Global monthly mean temp anomaly1997–2014, data from [119]. Source: Produced by author using TIKZ. Data Source: [119] ..................................................... 55 28 Sen. J. Inhofe carries a snowball into the Senate to “refute” global warming. Source: Wikimedia Commons. Public Domain. Uploaded April 28, 2017. http://tinyurl.com/yan47y2w ................... 55 29 Global monthly mean temp anomaly 1880–2016, data from NASA [119]. Source: Produced by author using TIKZ. Data Source:[119] ............................................... 56 30 Five-pronged industrial AC plug. Source: ER 09/Shutterstock. Standard License. Stock photo ID: 63751945. 60 Figures for Chapter 2 67 1 Heraclitus, painting by Johannes Moreelse. Source: Wikipedia. Public domain. http://tinyurl.com/y8layo4b 67 2 A bathtub is a standard example of a stock-flow system. Source: Erica Nicol/Flickr. Sept 25, 2006. Creative Commons license (CC-BY-SA 2.0). http://tinyurl.com/ybl7xvzn ...................... 70 3 System diagram for the bathtub. Source: Produced by author using TIKZ ...................... 70 4 Stock-flow system for a primary cell, such as an AA battery. Source: Produced by author using TIKZ . 71 5 The Earth’s carbon cycle from [271]. The white numbers in the figure refer to stock levels, measured in gigatons (billions of tons) of carbon. The yellow numbers refer to natural flows, in billions of tons of carbon per year. The red numbers refer to human-caused flows, or human-caused changes to the natural flows. Source: NASA Earth Observatory [271]. Public Domain. 72 6 Simple stock-flow model of radon concentration in a home. Source: Produced by author using TIKZ . 75 7 A student ready to graduate. “Residence time” in college is the average length of time from matriculation to graduation. Source: Courtesy of R. Hoellman . 75 8 A globe. Source: Wendy Cope/Flickr. Aug 15, 2015. Creative Commons license (CC BY 2.0). http:// tinyurl.com/nxjn2k8 ............................................... 77 9 The Wason four-card task. Source: Produced by author using TIKZ ......................... 78 10 Rowing machine. Image courtesy of Concept 2. Source: Concept 2. Reprinted with permission. http://www. concept2.com/ ................................................... 81 11 Energy stock-flow diagram for athlete and rowing machine. Source: Produced by author using TIKZ . 82 List of Figures 493 12 Rappel device. Source: Roylindman/Wikipedia. May 17, 2011. Creative Commons License (CC BY-SA 3.0) http://tinyurl.com/yayg6nqt .......................................... 84 13 The Hoover Dam (Ansel Adams photo). Source: [4] ................................ 87 14 Perpetual Motion by Norman Rockwell. Source: Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. http://tinyurl.com/ y73c4g7u ....................................................... 88 15 Nuclear thermoelectric power system for Mars rover. Source: Idaho National Laboratory/Flickr. Feb. 7, 2009. Creative Commons License (CC BY 2.0) http://tinyurl.com/yc8m4kxd ................... 89 16 Cooling towers. Source: zootalures/Wikimedia Commons. May 22, 2004. Creative Commons License (CC BY- SA 3.0). http://tinyurl.com/y96aeykj ..................................... 92 17 Incandescent bulb. Source: James Bowe/Flickr. Mar. 8, 2009. Creative Commons License (CC BY 2.0) http: //tinyurl.com/ze4ypqn .............................................. 92 18 Energy flows in the U.S. in 2016. Source: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory