Advance Placement United States History Chapter 22 Imperialism & World War 1 Chapter 20/22 Homework Identifications: Complete the following terms for class discussion, quizzes, and the unit test. 1. Alfred T. Mahan/The Influence of Sea Power upon History /Jingoists 2. Samoan Islands/Hawaii/Queen Liliuokalani 3. Cuba/William Randolph Hearst/Joseph Pulitzer/yellow journalism/U.S.S. Maine 4. Spanish-American War/George Dewey/Manila Bay/San Juan Hill/Rough Riders 5. Leonard Wood/Teller Amendment/Platt Amendment/Guantanamo Bay 6. The Philippines/Emilio Aguinaldo/Philippine Government Act 7. John Hay/China/Open Door policy/Boxer Rebellion 8. Panama Canal/Columbia/Philippe Bunau-Varilla/Roosevelt Corollary 9. Russo-Japanese War/Portsmouth Peace Conference/"yellow peril"/Great White Fleet 10. Mexican Revolution/Pancho Villa 11. World War I/neutrality/H.M.S. Lusitania//Zimmermann telegram 12. Newton D. Baker/Selective Service Act 13. War Industries Board/Bernard Baruch 14. Fuel Administration/Food Administration/Herbert Hoover 15. National War Labor Board/Railroad Administration/William G. McAdoo 16. American Expeditionary Force (AEF)/John “Black Jack” Pershing 17. Western Front/Chateau-Thierry/Belleau Wood/St. Mihiel/Meuse-Argonne campaign 18. Liberty Loans/George Creel/Committee on Public Information 19. Conscientious objectors/Espionage Act/Albert S. Burleson/Schenck v. United States 20. Fourteen Points/armistice/Versailles Peace Conference/Council of Four/Treaty of Versailles 21. League of Nations/Henry Cabot Lodge/Edith Galt Wilson/Irreconcilables/Reservationists 22. Red Scare/J. Edgar Hoover/A. Mitchell Palmer 23. Election of 1920/James M. Cox/Warren G. Harding/normalcy Short Essay Questions 1. How and why did America emerge as an imperial power by 1901? Consider both expansionist motives and examples of territorial acquisition. (see Ch. 20, pp. 629-37) 2. How did America handle its relations with Asia and Latin America in the first two decades of the 1900s? Cite at least three examples of policies pursued by Roosevelt, Taft, and or Wilson. Who had the best approach and why? 3. Why was the United States unable to maintain its policy of neutrality in World War I? What eventually prompted U.S. entry into the war? 4. How did the United States help the Allies to win World War I both at home and abroad? Cite at least three examples. 5. How and why did domestic tensions emerge in the United States by the end of the war? Consider such trends as the Red Scare, racism, and wartime dissent. 6. Why did the U.S. Senate reject the Treaty of Versailles? Were they right to do so in your opinion? 1 The Great War 1. What happened in the summer of 1914? 2. Identify the sides in World War I and list the nations on each side. 3. What was the initial US reaction? ___________________________________ 4. Why was it difficult for the US to be Neutral? Psychological/Ethnic Ties Economic Ties U- Boats How did the Allies try to influence US trade? Define: To Allies: ___________ To Allies: _______________________ ___________________ Lusitania: _______________________________ ___________________ _______________________________ ___________________ _______________________________ ___________________ _______________________________ ___________________ _______________________________ To Central Powers: ___ How did the Central Powers try to influence US Sussex: ___________________ Trade? ___________________ To Central Powers: _______________ ___________________ _______________________________ ___________________ _______________________________ ___________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ 5. Why were most Americans anti-German? 6. Election of 1916 Democrats Republicans Candidate Platform And the Winner is _________________________________________________. 2 7. Fill in the Timeline below. 1917 Jan April May The Rest 8. How did the Russian Revolution affect the US’s decision to enter the war? Propaganda, Public Opinion and Civil Liberties It was very important during World War I to get the people of the United States firmly behind the Allied war effort and against the Central Powers. The US government used several different techniques to ensure that their citizens stayed in line. 9. A. Use of Propaganda B. Espionage Act of 1917 and Sedition Act of 1918 10. What was it like to be a woman during this era? A minority? 11. What happened to the Progressive Ideal during the War? Mobilization & Finance A good deal of work was necessary to make the US ready to go to war. The nation had to prepare economically and build up its depleted and outdated military equipment supplies (when had the US last been involved in a major war?). Most important perhaps, the US had to create a wartime army. 12. Problems for Preparation Solutions and Programs Industry 3 Economy & Feeding the Soldiers Creating Soldiers Fighting the War 13. The US was only involved in the actual fighting for a little over a year, but they arrived at a crucial point in the war. What happened in 1918 that threatened the French forces? _______________________________________________________________________ 14. Where, besides France, did the Americans fight? A. B. C. D. 15. What happened on November 11, 1918 at 11 am? The Peace Process & the Fourteen Points 16. What were the fourteen points? When were they written? 17. List the specific points mentioned in your text: 4 18. Who were the “Big Four”? 19. What were the issues discussed at the Versailles Peace Conference? 20. What were the provisions of the Final Treaty? Allied Powers Central Powers 21. When did Germany sign the Treaty of Versailles? How did they feel about the Treaty? 22. US Reaction to the Treaty How did Wilson try to sell the Public Opinion Treaty? The Senate The Lodge Reservations What happened to Wilson? 22. How many times did the Treaty of Versailles come before the US Senate? __________ What was the result? _____________ why did that happen? 24. How did the US’s Refusal to join the League of Nations affect the course of history? 5 Directions- complete the timeline below. Identify the Who, What, When, and Why of each event. Included details and identify the SIGNIFICANCE of each event (Why is this event included on the timeline?). Cuban Rebellion DeLôme Letter published in the Journal February 1895 February 9, 1898 Who? Who? What? What? Where? Where? Why? Why? Significance: Significance: Hearst purchases the Journal USS Maine Explodes 1895 February 15, 1898 Who? Who? What? What? Where? Where? Why? Why? Significance: Significance: 11 US Declares War on Spain Roosevelt in Cuba April 1898 June 1898 Who? Who? What? What? Where? Where? Why? Why? Significance: Significance: Dewey in the Philippines Peace Treaty May 1898 November 1898 Who? Who? What? What? Where? Where? Why? Why? Significance: Significance: Terms: Each of the following terms MUST be included in the timeline! José Martí Valeriano Weyler William Randolph Hearst Joseph Pulitzer yellow journalism DeLôme Letter USS Maine “Remember the Maine” Teller Amendment George Dewey Manila Bay Emilio Aguinaldo Santiago Rough Riders 9th &10th Calvery Puerto Rico Cuba Gaum Philippines 12 Name ___________________________ Early 20th Century American Foreign Policy under Roosevelt, Taft, & Wilson I. The U.S. Becomes a World Power A. By 1900, the USA had defeated Spain, built a large navy, annexed new lands, & dominated Latin America B. In the 20th century, the USA developed a more aggressive foreign policy to increase its stature in the world II. Early 20th Century U.S. Foreign Policy A. Theodore Roosevelt’s “Big Stick Diplomacy” 1. TR wanted to increase America’s stature in the world, spread U.S. culture, & be ready to fight if needed 2. The most important foreign policy objective under TR was the creation of the Panama Canal a. When the Columbian gov’t rejected America’s lease offer, TR backed a revolt in Panama against Columbia b. In 1903, the newly formed Republic of Panama allowed the U.S. to build the Panama Canal c. Creating the canal gave the U.S. an economic advantage but also required the U.S. to police Latin America 3. The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine a. The U.S. grew fearful of European interference in Latin America (esp. Germany & England in Venezuela) b. In 1904, TR declared the that U.S. had “international police powers” in the Western Hemisphere c. The Lodge Corollary in 1912 (under Taft) added an economic element to the Monroe Doctrine d. Roosevelt Corollary was used to justify military intervention in Latin America but often led to dictators 4. TR’s foreign policy with Japan: mediated the Russo-Japanese War & negotiated Root-Takahira Agreement B. William Howard Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy” 1. Taft deviated from TR’s emphasis on military strength in favor of using American trade as a foreign policy tool 2. “Dollar diplomacy” was effective in protecting Latin America from European debtors but not in Asia C. Woodrow Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy” 1. When Wilson became president, he was well versed in domestic policy but knew little about foreign policy 2. Wilson believed that the U.S. should spread peace, democracy, & human rights without resorting to militarism 3. Moral diplomacy failed to bring positive conclusion to the Mexican Revolution a. Wilson protested Mexican dictator Huerta’s coup d’etat in 1913 by sending U.S. military to invade Tampico b. Pancho Villa resented U.S. support of new president Carranza & raided New Mexico c. Moral diplomacy seemed to fail by the time World War I began in Europe in 1914 III. Conclusions 14 “Over There”: The U.S. in World War I I. The Outbreak of the Great War—What Caused World War I? II. American Neutrality (July 1914 to April 1917) A. Problems with the American neutrality policy 1. Wilson vowed that the U.S. would stay neutral due to traditional non-involvement, progressivism, & immigrants 2. But, maintaining American neutrality was difficult due to: a. European propaganda efforts & trade ties with England & France b. Violations of the freedom of the seas i. The English blockade of Germany violated America’s right to trade as a neutral nation ii.