Technical Assessment Survey Report of WSS District Hyderabad Technical Assessment Survey Report of WSS Sindh Province TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS.......................................................................................................... ii LIST OF TABLES................................................................................................................... iv STATEMENT BY THE FEDERAL SECRETARY, MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ........................................................................................................................v PREFACE................................................................................................................................ vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS................................................................................................. vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..................................................................................................... viii STAFF ASSOCIATED WITH TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT SURVEY............................. ix EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................x CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................1 1.1 Background....................................................................................................................1 1.2 Provision of Safe Drinking Water Project .....................................................................2 1.3 Technical Assessment Survey of Water Supply Schemes.............................................2 1.4 Scope and Limitation of the Survey...............................................................................3 1.5 Potential Audience and Users of the Report..................................................................3 1.6 Structure of the Report...................................................................................................4 CHAPTER 2: DESCRIPTION OF SINDH PROVINCE ....................................................5 2.1 Location .........................................................................................................................5 2.2 Physical Features and Topography ................................................................................5 2.3 Mountains and Hills.......................................................................................................5 2.4 Climate and Rainfall ......................................................................................................6 2.5 Drainage.........................................................................................................................6 2.6 Agriculture and Horticulture..........................................................................................6 2.7 Communication Links....................................................................................................7 2.8 Irrigation ........................................................................................................................7 2.9 Water Availability..........................................................................................................8 CHAPTER 3.............................................................................................................................9 WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES..................................................................................................9 3.1 Water Supply Schemes in the Province.........................................................................9 3.2 Construction of Water Supply Schemes ........................................................................9 3.3 Management of Water Supply Schemes........................................................................9 3.4 Data on Construction and Layout of Water Supply Schemes......................................11 3.5 Data on Water Quality of Water Supply Schemes.......................................................11 CHAPTER 4: METHODOLOGY OF TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT SURVEY...........12 4.1 Field Survey.................................................................................................................12 4.1.1 Designing of Questionnaire .........................................................................................12 4.1.2 Non Availability of Secondary Data............................................................................13 4.1.3 Organizational Framework of the Survey....................................................................13 4.1.3.1 Planning, Coordination and Monitoring ......................................................................13 4.1.3.2 Training of Field Survey Teams ..................................................................................13 4.1.4 Field Survey of Water Supply Schemes ......................................................................14 4.2 Water Quality Analysis................................................................................................14 4.2.1 Water Quality Parameters and Standards ....................................................................14 4.2.2 Water Sample Collection and Preservation .................................................................14 4.2.2.1 Physico-Chemical Analysis .........................................................................................15 4.2.2.2 Microbiological Samples .............................................................................................15 ii Technical Assessment Survey Report of WSS Sindh Province 4.2.3 Types of Water Samples and Preservatives.................................................................16 4.2.4 Check List....................................................................................................................16 4.2.5 Quality Control Measures............................................................................................16 4.2.6 Analytical Methods Used.............................................................................................17 4.3 Data Management and Analysis ..................................................................................17 4.3.1 Data Management ........................................................................................................17 4.3.2 Data Analysis...............................................................................................................17 CHAPTER 5: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ...................................................................18 5.1 Tehsil-wise Distribution of Water Supply Schemes....................................................18 5.2 Conditions of Water Supply Schemes .........................................................................19 5.2.1 Functional Status..........................................................................................................19 5.2.1.1 Reasons for Non-Functioning of Water Supply Schemes ...........................................19 5.2.2 Population Served........................................................................................................19 5.2.3 Water Supply Sources..................................................................................................23 5.2.4 Water Supply Duration ................................................................................................24 5.2.5 Water Supply Connections ..........................................................................................25 5.2.6 Scheme Layout and Physical Conditions.....................................................................25 5.2.7 Construction Agencies.................................................................................................32 5.2.8 Period of Construction .................................................................................................33 5.3 Water Quality Analysis................................................................................................33 5.3.1 Water Treatment Practices...........................................................................................34 5.3.2 Results of Water Quality Analysis...............................................................................34 5.3.2.1 Quality of Water at Source ..........................................................................................34 5.3.2.2 Water Quality at Consumers’ End ...............................................................................37 5.4 Financial Status............................................................................................................39 5.4.1 Water Charges..............................................................................................................39 5.4.2 Financial Sustainability................................................................................................40 5.5 Exploratory Results on Main Indicators ......................................................................41 CHAPTER 6: PROBLEMS AND RECOMMENDED SOLUTIONS ..............................44 6.1 General.........................................................................................................................44 6.2 Operation and Maintenance.........................................................................................44 6.3 Quality of Water..........................................................................................................44 6.4 Awareness about Safe Drinking