INTERNATIONAL CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC CHART www.stratigraphy.org International Commission on Stratigraphy numerical numerical numerical Eonothem numerical Series / Epoch Stage / Age Series / Epoch Stage / Age Series / Epoch Stage / Age GSSA GSSP GSSP GSSP EonothemErathem / EonSystem / Era / Period GSSP age (Ma) EonothemErathem / EonSystem / Era / Period age (Ma) EonothemErathem / EonSystem / Era / Period age (Ma) / Eon Erathem / Era System / Period age (Ma) present 145.0 ± 0.8 358.9 ± 0.4 ~ 541 Holocene Ediacaran 0.0117 Tithonian Upper 152.1 ±0.9 Famennian ~ 635 0.126 Upper Kimmeridgian Neo- Cryogenian Middle 157.3 ±1.0 Upper proterozoic Pleistocene 0.781 372.2 ±1.6 850 Calabrian Oxfordian Tonian 1.806 163.5 ±1.0 Frasnian Callovian 1000 Quaternary Gelasian 166.1 ±1.2 2.588 Bathonian 382.7 ±1.6 Stenian Middle 168.3 ±1.3 Piacenzian 3.600 Bajocian 170.3 ±1.4 Givetian 1200 Pliocene Middle 387.7 ±0.8 Meso- Zanclean Aalenian proterozoic Ectasian 5.333 174.1 ±1.0 Eifelian 1400 Messinian Jurassic 393.3 ±1.2 7.246 Toarcian Devonian Calymmian Tortonian 182.7 ±0.7 Emsian 1600 11.62 Pliensbachian Proterozoic Statherian Serravallian Lower 407.6 ±2.6 13.82 190.8 ±1.0 Lower 1800 Miocene Pragian 410.8 ±2.8 Neogene Langhian Sinemurian Orosirian 15.97 199.3 ±0.3 Lochkovian Paleo- Burdigalian Hettangian 2050 Mesozoic 201.3 ±0.2 419.2 ±3.2 proterozoic 20.44 Rhyacian Aquitanian Rhaetian Pridoli 23.03 ~ 208.5 423.0 ±2.3 2300 Cenozoic Ludfordian Chattian Ludlow 425.6 ±0.9 Siderian 28.1 Gorstian Oligocene Upper Norian 427.4 ±0.5 2500 Rupelian Homerian 430.5 ±0.7 Neo- Wenlock Precambrian 33.9 ~ 228 Sheinwoodian 433.4 ±0.8 archean Priabonian Carnian Silurian Telychian 2800 38.0 riassic ~ 235 Bartonian T Llandovery 438.5 ±1.1 Meso- 41.3 Ladinian Aeronian 440.8 ±1.2 archean Eocene Middle ~ 242 Rhuddanian Lutetian Anisian 443.4 ±1.5 3200 47.8 247.2 Hirnantian 445.2 ±1.4 Paleo- Olenekian 251.2 Archean Paleogene Ypresian Lower Induan 252.17 ±0.06 Upper Katian archean 56.0 Changhsingian 453.0 ±0.7 3600 Thanetian 254.14 ±0.07 59.2 Lopingian Sandbian Eo- Paleocene Wuchiapingian Paleozoic 458.4 ±0.9 Phanerozoic Phanerozoic Selandian 259.8 ±0.4 archean 61.6 Phanerozoic Capitanian Darriwilian Danian 265.1 ±0.4 Middle 4000 66.0 467.3 ±1.1 Guadalupian Wordian Dapingian Maastrichtian 268.8 ±0.5 470.0 ±1.4 Hadean 72.1 ±0.2 Roadian Ordovician 272.3 ±0.5 Floian ~ 4600 Lower 477.7 ±1.4 Campanian Kungurian Units of all rank are in the process of being defined by Global Boundary Permian 283.5 ±0.6 83.6 ±0.2 Tremadocian Stratotype Section and Points (GSSP) for their lower boundaries, 485.4 ±1.9 Upper Santonian 86.3 ±0.5 Artinskian including those of the Archean and Proterozoic, long defined by Cisuralian 290.1 ±0.26 Stage 10 Global Standard Stratigraphic Ages (GSSA). Coniacian ~ 489.5 89.8 ±0.3 Sakmarian 295.0 ±0.18 Furongian Jiangshanian Charts and detailed information on ratified GSSPs are Turonian Asselian ~ 494 available at the website http://www.stratigraphy.org 93.9 298.9 ±0.15 Paibian ~ 497 Cenomanian n Gzhelian Guzhangian Numerical ages are subject to revision and do not define units in the 100.5 Upper 303.7 ±0.1 ~ 500.5 Phanerozoic and the Ediacaran; only GSSPs do. For boundaries in the Phanerozoic without ratified GSSPs or without constrained Paleozoic Kasimovian 307.0 ±0.1 Series 3 Drumian numerical ages, an approximate numerical age (~) is provided. aceous Albian t Middle Moscovian ~ 504.5 Mesozoic ~ 113.0 315.2 ±0.2 Stage 5 Numerical ages for all systems except Triassic, Cretaceous and ~ 509 ennsylvania Precambrian are taken from ‘A Geologic Time Scale 2012’ by Gradstein Cre Lower Bashkirian Aptian P Stage 4 323.2 ±0.4 et al. (2012); those for the Triassic and Cretaceous were provided ~ 125.0 Series 2 ~ 514 by the relevant ICS subcommissions. Upper Serpukhovian Cambrian Stage 3 Barremian 330.9 ±0.2 Lower ~ 129.4 ~ 521 Coloring follows the Commission Hauterivian Middle Visean Stage 2 for the Geological Map of the World. ~ 132.9 Carboniferous http://www.ccgm.org Valanginian 346.7 ±0.4 Terreneuvian ~ 529 ~ 139.8 Fortunian Berriasian Mississippian Lower Tournaisian Chart drafted by K.M. Cohen, S. Finney, P.L. Gibbard ~ 145.0 358.9 ±0.4 541.0 ±1.0 (c) International Commission on Stratigraphy, January 2013 Holocene (0/5/5/0) Tithonian (15/0/0/0) Famennian (5/5/20/0) Ediacaran (0/15/55/0) (0/5/10/0) Upper Neo- Upper (5/10/35/0) Upper (0/5/15/0) (30/0/0/0) Kimmeridgian (20/0/0/0) Frasnian (5/5/30/0) proterozoic Cryogenian (0/20/60/0) (0/30/70/0) Middle (0/5/20/0) Oxfordian (25/0/0/0) Tonian (0/25/65/0) Pleistocene Middle Givetian (5/10/45/0) (0/0/50/0) (0/5/35/0) Calabrian (0/5/25/0) Callovian (25/0/5/0) (5/20/55/0) Eifelian (5/15/50/0) Stenian (0/15/35/0) Quaternary Meso- Bathonian (30/0/5/0) Gelasian (0/5/30/0) Middle Emsian (10/15/50/0) proterozoic Ectasian (0/20/40/0) (0/30/55/0) (50/0/5/0) Bajocian (35/0/5/0) Lower Pliocene Piacenzian (0/0/25/0) (10/30/65/0) Pragian (10/20/55/0) Calymmian (0/25/45/0) (0/0/40/0) Zanclean (0/0/30/0) Aalenian (40/0/5/0) Devonian (20/40/75/0) Lochkovian (10/25/60/0) Statherian (0/55/10/0) Messinian (0/0/55/0) Toarcian (40/5/0/0) Pridoli (10/0/10/0) Paleo- Orosirian (0/60/15/0) (10/0/10/0) proterozoic Pliensbachian (50/5/0/0) Tortonian (0/0/60/0) Jurassic (80/0/5/0) Ludfordian (15/0/10/0) (0/75/30/0) Rhyacian (0/65/20/0) Lower Ludlow Proterozoic (0/80/35/0) Miocene Serravallian (0/0/65/0) (75/5/0/0) Sinemurian (60/5/0/0) (25/0/15/0) Gorstian (20/0/10/0) Siderian (0/70/25/0) (0/0/100/0) Langhian (0/0/70/0) Hettangian (70/5/0/0) Homerian (20/0/15/0) Wenlock Neoarchean (0/35/5/0) Burdigalian (0/0/75/0) Rhaetian (10/25/0/0) (30/0/20/0) Sheinwoodian (25/0/20/0) (0/40/5/0) Neogene (0/10/90/0) Upper Aquitanian (0/0/80/0) Norian (15/30/0/0) Telychian (25/0/15/0) (25/40/0/0) Mesoarchean (0/50/5/0) Llandovery M e s o z i c (60/0/10/0) Carnian (20/35/0/0) (0/60/5/0) Oligocene Chattian (0/10/30/0) (40/0/25/0) Aeronian (30/0/20/0) (0/25/45/0) Silurian (30/0/25/0) Rupelian (0/15/35/0) Ladinian (20/45/0/0) Rhuddanian (35/0/25/0) r e c a m b i n (0/75/30/0) Middle Paleoarchean (0/60/0/0) P C e n o z i c (5/0/90/0) Priabonian (0/20/30/0) (30/55/0/0) Anisian (25/50/0/0) Hirnantian (35/0/30/0) (0/75/0/0) Upper Eocene Bartonian (0/25/35/0) Lower Olenekian (30/65/0/0) Katian (40/0/35/0) Eoarchean (50/0/40/0) (5/90/0/0) (0/30/50/0) riassic (50/80/0/0) Lutetian (0/30/40/0) (40/75/0/0) Induan (35/70/0/0) Archean (0/100/0/0) (10/100/0/0) T Sandbian (45/0/40/0) Ypresian (0/35/45/0) Lopingian Changhsingian(0/25/20/0) Darriwilian (55/0/35/0) Middle Hadean (30/100/0/0) Thanetian (0/25/50/0) (0/35/30/0) Wuchiapingian (0/30/25/0) (70/0/50/0) Dapingian (60/0/40/0) Paleocene a l e o z i c (40/10/40/0) Selandian (0/25/55/0) Capitanian (0/40/35/0) h a n e r o z i c (40/0/5/0) Floian (75/0/45/0) (0/35/55/0) P Lower P Paleogene (0/40/60/0) Guadalupian h a n e r o z i c (40/0/5/0) h a n e r o z i c (40/0/5/0) (90/0/60/0) CYMK COLOR CODE Danian (0/30/55/0) Wordian (0/45/40/0) Ordovician (100/0/60/0) Tremadocian (80/0/50/0) P P (0/55/50/0) The CMYK color code is an additive model with percentages of Cyan, Maastrichtian (5/0/45/0) Roadian (0/50/45/0) Stage 10 (10/0/20/0) Magenta, Yellow and Black. For example: the CMYK color for Devonian (20/40/75/0) is a mixture of 20% Cyan, 40% Magenta, 75% Yellow and 0% Campanian (10/0/50/0) Kungurian (10/45/40/0) Furongian Jiangshanian(15/0/25/0) (30/0/40/0) Black. Artinskian (10/50/45/0) Upper Santonian (15/0/55/0) Cisuralian Paibian (20/0/30/0) The CMYK values are the primary reference system for designating the (35/0/75/0) official colors for these geological units. Coniacian (20/0/60/0) (5/65/60/0) Sakmarian (10/55/50/0) Guzhangian (20/5/30/0) Permian (5/75/75/0) Series 3 The CMYK color code gives the official values only for Cyan (C), Magenta (M) Turonian (25/0/65/0) Asselian (10/60/55/0) (35/5/45/0) Drumian (25/5/35/0) and Yellow (Y).