LINK LIGHT RAIL OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE SATELLITE FACILITY DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT APPENDIX E.4 Historic and Archaeological Resources Technical Report May 2014 Washington State Department of Transportation CENTRAL PUGET SOUND REGIONAL TRANSIT AUTHORITY SOUND TRANSIT LINK OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE SATELLITE FACILITY HISTORIC AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES TECHNICAL REPORT P REPARED FOR: Sound Transit Union Station 401 South Jackson Street Seattle, Washington 98104 Contact: Kent Hale, Senior Environmental Planner (206) 398-5103 P REPARED BY: Christopher Hetzel, MA and J. Tait Elder, MA ICF International 710 Second Avenue, Suite 550 Seattle, WA 98104 Contact: Christopher Hetzel (206) 801-2825 May 2014 Christopher Hetzel and J. Tait Elder. 2014. Sound Transit Link Operations and Maintenance Satellite Facility Historic and Archaeological Resources Technical Report. May. (ICF 00329.12.) Seattle, WA. Prepared for Sound Transit, Seattle, WA. Contents List of Tables .......................................................................................................................................... iii List of Figures ......................................................................................................................................... iv List of Acronyms and Abbreviations ....................................................................................................... v Page Chapter 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1-1 Project Description .............................................................................................................................. 1-1 No Build Alternative ...................................................................................................................... 1-1 Build Alternatives .......................................................................................................................... 1-3 Chapter 2 Project Background ......................................................................................................... 2-1 Personnel ............................................................................................................................................. 2-1 Area of Potential Effects and Study Area ............................................................................................ 2-1 Regulatory Context .............................................................................................................................. 2-1 Federal ........................................................................................................................................ 2-12 State ............................................................................................................................................ 2-14 Local ............................................................................................................................................ 2-16 Agency and Tribal Consultation ......................................................................................................... 2-16 Chapter 3 Environmental and Cultural Setting .................................................................................. 3-1 Environmental Setting ......................................................................................................................... 3-1 Geologic Background .................................................................................................................... 3-1 Flora and Fauna............................................................................................................................. 3-1 Cultural Setting .................................................................................................................................... 3-2 Precontact ..................................................................................................................................... 3-2 Ethnography and Ethnohistory ..................................................................................................... 3-3 Historical Context ................................................................................................................................ 3-4 Lynnwood ...................................................................................................................................... 3-4 Bellevue ......................................................................................................................................... 3-8 Chapter 4 Literature Review ............................................................................................................ 4-1 Lynnwood Alternative ......................................................................................................................... 4-1 Lynnwood Alternative Site ............................................................................................................ 4-1 BNSF Alternative .................................................................................................................................. 4-4 BNSF Modified Alternative .................................................................................................................. 4-7 SR 520 Alternative ............................................................................................................................... 4-7 Chapter 5 Research Design .............................................................................................................. 5-1 Historic and Archaeological Resources Technical Report May 2014 Link Light Rail Operations and Maintenance Satellite Facility i Draft Environmental Impact Statement Objectives ............................................................................................................................................ 5-1 Archaeological Expectations................................................................................................................ 5-1 Methods .............................................................................................................................................. 5-2 Research Methods ........................................................................................................................ 5-2 Field Methods ............................................................................................................................... 5-3 Chapter 6 Results ............................................................................................................................ 6-1 Lynnwood Alternative ......................................................................................................................... 6-1 Archaeological Resources ............................................................................................................. 6-1 Historic Resources ......................................................................................................................... 6-3 BNSF Alternative ................................................................................................................................ 6-10 Archaeological Resources ........................................................................................................... 6-10 Historic Resources ....................................................................................................................... 6-12 BNSF Modified Alternative ................................................................................................................ 6-15 Archaeological Resources ........................................................................................................... 6-15 Historic Resources ....................................................................................................................... 6-17 SR 520 Alternative ............................................................................................................................. 6-19 Archaeological Resources ........................................................................................................... 6-19 Historic Resources ....................................................................................................................... 6-21 Chapter 7 Impacts Analysis .............................................................................................................. 7-1 Impacts Common to All Build Alternatives .......................................................................................... 7-1 No Build Alternative ............................................................................................................................ 7-2 Lynnwood Alternative ......................................................................................................................... 7-3 BNSF Alternative .................................................................................................................................. 7-3 BNSF Modified Alternative .................................................................................................................. 7-3 SR 520 Alternative ............................................................................................................................... 7-3 Cumulative Impacts ............................................................................................................................