Cambridge University Press 0521853591 - The Cambridge History of Warfare Edited by Geoffrey Parker Index More information Index Abrams, Creighton (American general, aircraft carriers, 251; American (1930s), Vietnam War), 381 320; American (World War II), 356; Actium, battle of (31 BC), 427 Japanese (World War II), 355 Adrianople; battle of (AD 378), 63; Aisne offensive (1918), 283, 305 most fought-over town in history, Aix-la-Chapelle, treaty of (1748), 183, 427 184 Aelian (Tactics), 4, 157, 417, 431 Alans, 64 Aemilius Paulus (Roman general), 40 Alba, duke of, 5, 152, 155 Aeschylus on the Persian wars, 23, 25 Alberich (German withdrawal, 1917), Aetius (Roman general), 62, 63 298 Afghanistan’s democratic election. See Alberti, Leon Battista, on angled also al-Qaeda; Laden, Osama Bin, defences, 106 407 Alexander the Great, 3, 71, 98, 418 Agesilaus (Spartan general), 26, 37 Alexius (east Roman emperor), 79 aggression in the western military Alfonso X of Castile (Siete Partidas), 99 tradition, 6, 10, 414, 416, 418, Alfred the Great, 72, 76 425 Algerian War (1954–62), 372–374 Agincourt, battle of (1415), 88, 89 Algonkians, 139 agrarian warfare, 25, 30; Bronze-Age, Aljubarrota, battle of (1385), 85 18; hoplite, 18, 19, 21, 22; Roman Allerheim, battle of (1645), 160 militias, 49 Alma, battle of (1854), 222 air attacks; Gulf War, 392; Six Day War, Almagro, Diego de (Spanish 386; Vietnam War, 377–378, 380, conquistador), 139, 140 381; World War I, 309; World War al-Qaeda, 412. See also Laden, Osama II, 334, 351, 354, 357, 364; Yom Bin, 403; America strikes back, Kippur War, 387 406–412; America under attack, Air Corps Tactical School (USA), 319 403–406; Madrid explosion, 411 air defence,319, 387, 392; British Alvarez de Toledo, Don Fernando. See (1930s), 319; Egyptian (Yom Kippur Alba War), 387; German (World War II), Ambrones, 46 344–346; Iraqi (Gulf War), 391–392 Ambrose, Archbishop of Milan airborne forces, 325, 332, 333, 351, (penance of Theodosius), 414 352, 372 American Civil War, 223–225 491 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521853591 - The Cambridge History of Warfare Edited by Geoffrey Parker Index More information Index American War of Independence armoured warfare; British experiments (1775–81), 190–193 (1920–30s), 317; German Americas conquered, 67–71, 131 development (1930s), 316; Six Day Amherst, Jeffrey (British general), 186 War, 386–387; World War II, 325, Amiens; battle of (1918), 309; treaty of 334, 346–351; Yom Kippur War, (1802), 213 387–389 Anastasius (east Roman emperor), 67 arms manufacture, 153–154, 340–341, angled bastions, 106, 108 344, 415 Anglo-Dutch wars, 117, 125, 126, arms race, naval, 124, 127, 128, 267; 427 17th c., 125; before World War I, Anglo-Saxon military organization, 73, 106–114, 268 76 Army of Northern Virginia (American Anna Comnena on Frankish cavalry, Civil War), 227, 229, 230, 231, 232, 79 234 Antietam, battle of (1862), 227, 228, Army of Tennessee (American Civil 246 War), 232 Antigonus Gonatas (Macedonian Army of the Potomac (American Civil general), 40 War), 224, 226, 227, 230, 231, 232, Antioch taken by crusaders (1098), 77 233, 234, 238 Antipater (Macedonian general), 40 Arnhem, battle of (1944), 351 Antwerp, 213; defences (1560s), 107, arquebuses, 132, 134, 144, 145, 156 112; World War I, 281, 283; World arrows, 44, 74, 78, 79, 84, 85, 86, 88, War II, 351, 352 94, 128, 132, 134, 135, 140 Anzac (Australian and New Zealand artillery; 18th c., 194, 197; Flanders army corps), Dardanelles campaign (1917), 300; gunpowder revolution, (1915), 290 89–90, 101–113; Korean War Anzio landing (1944), 342 (1950–53), 370; Kursk (1943), 346; Apache resistance (1880s), 255 naval (16th c.), 125–127, 138; naval Appian; on rise of latifundia, 48 (late Middle Ages), 118–119, Appomattox, Lee’s surrender (1865), 122–124, 128–130; naval 238 (Napoleonic wars), 210–213; Paris aquila (Roman eagle insignia), 52 siege (1870–71), 247; Passchendaele Arab–Israeli wars, 384–389; 1948–49, (1917), 301; Russo-Japanese War 384; 1956 (Suez Crisis), 385; 1967 (1904–05), 260; Spanish New-World (Six Day War), 385–387; 1973 (Yom conquests, 132–134; the Somme Kippur War), 88–89, 387 (1916), 294; Verdun (1916), 292; archery, 44, 97 World War I, 287–288 Archilochus on commanders, 20 artillery fortresses, 108, 110, 111 Ardennes, 282; German counter-attack Aspern-Essling, battle of (1809), 208 (1944), 352; German invasion route Assaye, battle of (1803), 214 (1940), 325, 327 Assize of Arms (England, 1181), 97 Argos versus Sparta, 32 Assyrian warfare, 16 Aridius (Gallo-Roman magnate), 71 Atahualpa (Inca ruler), 138, 141 Aristophanes (war criticism), 414 Athenians, 20, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, Aristotle on decline of the hoplite, 26 35, 36, 418 Arkan, 422 Atlanta, battle of (1864), 234, Armada; Dutch (1688), 125, 137–139; 366–370 Spanish (1588), 119, 122, 123, 124, Atlantic, battle of (World War II), 127, 427 163–166, 343 492 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521853591 - The Cambridge History of Warfare Edited by Geoffrey Parker Index More information Index atomic weapons, 364 German (World War I), 295–296, atrocities, Thirty Years War, 57–58, 301–302, 304–305; hoplite, 18–23; 375. See also war crimes, 176, 370 Macedonian, 34–36; Roman, 44–45 attack in depth (World War I), 303 bayonets, 170, 174, 230 Attila the Hun, 10, 62, 94–96 Bazaine, Fran¸coisAchille, (French Augustus Caesar, 54 marshal in the Franco-Prussian War), Austerlitz, battle of (1805), 117–121, 246, 329–330 204 Beachy Head, battle of (1690), 126, Austrian Succession, War of 343–344 (1740–48), 181, 184, 186 Beck, Ludwig (chief of the German Austro-Prussian War (1866), 210–213, general staff, 1930s), 316 241 Bede, the Venerable, on Hadrian’s Ayamores, 139 Wall, 4 Aztecs, 1, 134, 136, 137, 139, 144 Behr, Johann, on decline of the field B-17 bomber, 345 battle, 171 Belgium invaded; (1914), 279–282; B-29 bomber, 359, 360 (1940), 325 B-52 bomber, 383 Belgrade (Balkan War), 396, 401 Badoglio, Marshal Pietro (Italian leader Belgrade bombed (1941), 332 1943–44), 342 Belisarius (Byzantine general), 67, Baghdad captured (2003), 408 68 Bagration (Soviet offensive, 1944), 347 Benedek, Ludwig von (Austrian Balaclava, battle of (1854), 222 general), 241, 243 Balkan Wars, 268–269, 330, 396–399 Bergen-op-Zoom besieged (1622), Balkans campaign; German (1941), 161 48–52, 331; Italian (1940), Berlichingen, G¨otzvon (military 131–147, 330 entrepreneur, 16th c.), 150 Bank of England, 9, 182, 215 Berlin; bombed (1943), 345; taken Banks, Nathaniel Prentiss (Union (1945), 353 general), 232, 233 Berlin Decree (1806), 205 Bannockburn, battle of (1314), 86, 87, Bernhardi, Theodor von (German 416 general), 250 Bar Lev line breached (1973), 387 Berwick-upon-Tweed besieged (1333), Barbarossa (German invasion of the 102 Soviet Union, 1941), 96–98, 333 Bf 109 (Messerschmitt) fighter aircraft, Barcelona taken in 68, 70, 95 446 Barret, Robert (The Theory and Practice Biak, battle of (1944), 357, 370–372 of Modern Wars, 1598), 101 Bicocca, battle of (1522), 155 Barwick, Humphrey (English military biological weapons, 425 writer), 156 Bismarck, Otto von (Prussian bastions, 106, 112, 148–154, 172 statesman), 239, 379–383 battalion attack column, revolutionary Black Hole of Calcutta, 187 France, 197 Black Prince, 89 battering rams, 81; medieval, 80 Black Sea fleet, 395 battle doctrine; British (after World Black Week (Boer War), 257 War I), 317; British (World War I), Blackhawk helicopters, 394 299, 301, 304; French (after World Blair, Tony (British Prime Minister), War I), 317; French (World War I), 407 298; German (1924), 315–316; Blenheim, battle of (1704), 177 493 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521853591 - The Cambridge History of Warfare Edited by Geoffrey Parker Index More information Index blind bombing system (World War II), Bradley, Omar (chairman of the 330 American joint chiefs of staff, Korean Bloch, Ivan (Is War Impossible? 1899), War), 368 272 Bragg, Braxton (Confederate general), blockades; American Civil War, 225, 231, 232, 234 235; Anglo-French (1939), 323; Breeds hill (battle of Bunker hill), Calais (1346–47), 95; Napoleonic 190 wars, 205 Breitenfeld, battle of (1631), 153, Bl¨ucher,Gebhard Leberecht von 159–160 (Prussian general, Napoleonic wars), Brest-Litovsk, peace of (1918), 209 302 Blucher¨ , World War II German heavy Br´etigny,treaty of (1360), 89 cruiser, 324 Britain, battle of (1940), 329–330 Bock, Fedor von (German general, British Expeditionary Force, 268; World War II), 322, 327, 328 World War I, 282, 283, 287, 294, Boeotia plain (Greek battleground), 299, 300, 304, 309; World War II, 25, 27, 36 327, 328 Boer uprising (1880–81), 254 broadsides, 117, 122, 123 Boer War (1889–1902), 256–259 bronze weapons, 134–137 Bohemia, Hussite revolt, 90 Brooke, Rupert (World War I poet), Bologna defences (1381), 105 312 Bolshevik Revolution (1917), Brooke, Sir Alan, chairman of the 302–303 Chiefs of Staff, 431 bombards, 101, 103 Brunswick, duke of (Prussian general, Bomber Command (Royal Air Force, French revolutionary wars), 198 World War II), 318, 344, 345, 360 Brussels taken; (1914), 309; (1940), bombing; 1930s doctrine, 319; battle 328 of Britain (1940), 329–330; Brussilov, Alexei (Russian general, Germany (World War II), 344–346, World War I), 297 351–352; Iraq, 389–392; Japan Budapest, battle of (1944), 348 (1945), 359–361; Pearl Harbor Bueil, Jean de (Le Jouvencel, 1466), (1941), 354–355; Vietnam, 360, 96 381, 383 Buell, Carlos (Union general), 228, Bonaparte;