Volume 5, Issue 8(3), August 2016 International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research Published by Sucharitha Publications 8-43-7/1, Chinna Waltair Visakhapatnam – 530 017 Andhra Pradesh – India Email: [email protected] Website: www.ijmer.in Editorial Board Editor-in-Chief Dr.K. Victor Babu Faculty, Department of Philosophy Andhra University – Visakhapatnam - 530 003 Andhra Pradesh – India EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Prof. S.Mahendra Dev Prof. Fidel Gutierrez Vivanco Vice Chancellor Founder and President Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Escuela Virtual de Asesoría Filosófica Research Lima Peru Mumbai Prof. Igor Kondrashin Prof.Y.C. Simhadri The Member of The Russian Philosophical Vice Chancellor, Patna University Society Former Director The Russian Humanist Society and Expert of Institute of Constitutional and Parliamentary The UNESCO, Moscow, Russia Studies, New Delhi & Formerly Vice Chancellor of Dr. Zoran Vujisiæ Benaras Hindu University, Andhra University Rector Nagarjuna University, Patna University St. Gregory Nazianzen Orthodox Institute Universidad Rural de Guatemala, GT, U.S.A Prof. (Dr.) Sohan Raj Tater Former Vice Chancellor Singhania University, Rajasthan Prof.U.Shameem Department of Zoology Andhra University Visakhapatnam Prof.K.Sreerama Murty Department of Economics Dr. N.V.S.Suryanarayana Andhra University - Visakhapatnam Dept. of Education, A.U. Campus Vizianagaram Prof. K.R.Rajani Department of Philosophy Dr. Kameswara Sharma YVR Andhra University – Visakhapatnam Asst. Professor Dept. of Zoology Prof. P.D.Satya Paul Sri. Venkateswara College, Delhi University, Department of Anthropology Delhi Andhra University – Visakhapatnam I Ketut Donder Prof. Josef HÖCHTL Depasar State Institute of Hindu Dharma Department of Political Economy Indonesia University of Vienna, Vienna & Ex. Member of the Austrian Parliament Prof. Roger Wiemers Austria Professor of Education Lipscomb University, Nashville, USA Prof. Alexander Chumakov Chair of Philosophy Dr. N.S. Dhanam Russian Philosophical Society Department of Philosophy Moscow, Russia Andhra University Visakhapatnam Dr.B.S.N.Murthy Dr.T.V.Ramana Department of Mechanical Engineering Department of Economics GITAM University Andhra University Campus, Kakinada Visakhapatnam Dr.Ton Quang Cuong Dr.S.V Lakshmana Rao Dean of Faculty of Teacher Education Coordinator University of Education, VNU, Hanoi A.P State Resource Center Visakhapatnam Prof. Chanakya Kumar Department of Computer Science Dr.S.Kannan University of Pune,Pune Department of History Annamalai University Prof. Djordje Branko Vukelic Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram Department for Production Engineering University of Novi Sad, Serbia Dr. B. Venkataswamy H.O.D., & Associate Professor Prof. Shobha V Huilgol Dept. of Telugu, P.A.S. College Department of Pharmacology Pedanandipadu, Guntur, India Off- Al- Ameen Medical College, Bijapur Dr.E. Ashok Kumar Prof.Joseph R.Jayakar Department of Education Department of English North- Eastern Hill University, Shillong GITAM University Hyderabad Dr.K.Chaitanya Department of Chemistry Prof.Francesco Massoni Nanjing University of Science and Department of Public Health Sciences Technology University of Sapienza, Rome People’s Republic of China Prof.Mehsin Jabel Atteya Dr.Merina Islam Al-Mustansiriyah University Department of Philosophy College of Education Cachar College, Assam Department of Mathematics, Iraq Dr. Bipasha Sinha Prof. Ronato Sabalza Ballado S. S. Jalan Girls’ College Department of Mathematics University of Calcutta, Calcutta University of Eastern Philippines, Philippines Prof. N Kanakaratnam Dr.Senthur Velmurugan .V Dept. of History, Archaeology & Culture Librarian Dravidian University, Kuppam Kalasalingam University Andhra Pradesh Krishnankovil Tamilnadu Dr. K. John Babu Dr.J.B.Chakravarthi Department of Journalism & Mass Comm Assistant Professor Central University of Kashmir, Kashmir Department of Sahitya Rasthritya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha, Tirupati ® © Editor-in-Chief, IJMER Typeset and Printed in India www.ijmer.in IJMER, Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research, concentrates on critical and creative research in multidisciplinary traditions. This journal seeks to promote original research and cultivate a fruitful dialogue between old and new thought. C O N T E N T S Volume 5 Issue 8(3) August 2016 S. Page No No 1. Weaknesses, Setbacks and Failures of Community 1 Opiew Omot Cham 2. Improved Health Seeking Behaviour - A Study of 5 Empowered Women in Sex Work in Chikballapur District G.Santhalakshmi 3. Panchayati Raj - A Historical Perspective 14 Anantha Murthy .R 4. A study on Opportunity and Hazards on the Labour 51 Force to Women: With Special Reference to Marketing Sector of Dindugal District in India Anji. A 5. Theories of Elections 65 Kuramana Swarna Latha 6. Bull Symbol Depicted on Vijayanagara Coins 77 Karamthur Venkatesu Naik 7. Population Explosion Impact on Sustianabale 91 Development – A Study C. Ramanjaneyulu 8. The Relationship Between Anxiety and Academic 103 Performance among B.Ed Students Isha Narula 9. In An Clever Vigor Effective Clustering Wi-Fi Sensor 115 Networks Lokesh. A 10. To Analyse & Optimize the Distortion of two Dissimilar 122 Metals Stainless Steel & Mild Steel Using Taguchi Technique Narender Kumar and Krishan Kumar 11. Mulk Raj Anand’s Untouchable and Narendra Jadhav’s 141 Outcaste: A Memoir- A Critical Evaluation V. Hanumanthaiah 12. Fuzzy Intersection and Difference Model for 148 Identification of Topological Relation Between Two Fuzzy Region H.C. Chamuah and B.C. Chetia 13. ,d leL;k % ^fpUrk* 167 uhjt dqekj “kekZ 14. Role of Dairy Co-Operatives in Economic Empowerment 175 of Rural Women of Rajasthan Sandeep Narula 15. Financial Resource Mobilization for the Development of 211 Mettu Town Sekata Kenea, Geda Misganu and Geleta Merera 16. A Research Paper on Relationship Marketing through 236 Customer Loyalty by Mobile Service Providers Situn Krushna Sahu 17. Administrative Steps and Efforts towards Education 249 S.P.Pullanna 18. Vamadevedi Panchaavataranam varnanam in Sri Siva 274 Mahapurana P.Kali Prasad 19. Indira Gandhi A Biography 282 T.Sukanya 20. Propagation of Rayleigh Waves Under Gravity of Their 299 Effect A. Chandulal Dr. K. VICTOR BABU ISSN : 2277 – 7881 M.A.,M.A.,M.Phil.,Ph.D.,PDF, (D.Lit) Impact Factor :3.318(2015) Faculty of Philosophy and Religious Index Copernicus Value: 5.16 Studies & Editor-in-Chief International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research (IJMER) & Sucharitha: A Journal of Philosophy and Religion Andhra University, Visakhapatnam Pin - 530 003 , Andhra Pradesh – India Editorial…… You will be happy to know that we have entered the fifth year of publication of IJMER, since its inception in April 2012. Focusing on many interdisciplinary subjects, the published papers are spreading the knowledge with fervent hope of upholding the holistic approach. With all my heart, I reiterate to echo my sincere feelings and express my profound thanks to each and every valued contributor. This journal continues to nurture and enhance the capabilities of one and all associated with it. We as a team with relentless efforts are committed to inspire the readers and achieve further progress. Aim is to sustain the tempo and improve. We acknowledge with pleasure that our readers are enjoying the publications of Sucharitha Publishers. We solicit to receive ideas and comments for future improvements in its content and quality. Editor –in-Chief explicitly conveys his gratitude to all the Editorial Board members. Your support is our motivation. Best wishes to everyone. Dr.K.Victor Babu Editor-in-Chief SOCIAL SCIENCES, HUMANITIES, COMMERCE & MANAGEMENT, ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, MEDICINE, SCIENCES, ART & DEVELOPMENT STUDIES, LAW www.ijmer.in INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH ISSN : 2277-7881; IMPACT FACTOR – 3.318; IC VALUE:5.16; ISI VALUE:2.286 VOLUME 5, ISSUE 8(3), AUGUST 2016 WEAKNESSES, SETBACKS AND FAILURES OF COMMUNITY Dr. Opiew Omot Cham President Gambella University Ethiopia Today, our achievements speak for themselves. However, when it comes to our setbacks, failures and weaknesses, we feel uncomfortable talking about them. All of us have failed at some time to equal our dreams of perfection or to perform well. The big issue is not your weaknesses; they are part of life. The issue is how you manage these imperfections so that they do not dictate you. Setbacks and weaknesses can be robust stepping stones that lead to growth and maturity. Our society educational backwardness, literacy and failure of leadership won't be compromise and non-excusable, it is a part of development and something we all have to consider. However, utmost care should be taken while mentioning your weaknesses in a discussion so that we do not inadvertently present ourselves in poor light. 'We all have an obligation to teach ourselves, community and also it's our duty to make our community a better society. Therefore, we cannot keeping depend our weakness forever; we have to find a solution. The solution won't be argued; it is a process of learning. Consider the following piece of an advice: I was shy; I didn't make a very good first impression and wanted to change this. I noticed that when I spent some time with people, I could open up. People appreciated my sense of humor and trusted me. This gave me the confidence to overcome the problem by taking it head on. In 2006, I took up a 'teaching ' job, and once I was into it, it didn't take long before I was building new contacts for the