„BABEŞ-BOLAY” UNIVERSITY, CLUJ-NAPOCA FACULTY OF ORTHODOX THEOLOGY PRACTICAL THEOLOGY DEPARTMENT THE POLYCHRONION IN THE ROMANIAN MUSIC OF BYZANTINE TRADITION FROM THE XVITH CENTURY UNTIL TODAY DOCTORAL THESIS - Summary - Coordinator: Fr. Lect. Ph.D. Vasile STANCIU Post-graduate Fr. Fănică GHERASIM Cluj-Napoca 2011 0 SECTIONS Introduction Preliminaries Chapter 1. Sources and Biblical Evidence of the Polychronions A). Musical Manuscripts Present in Romanian Libraries that Contain Polychronions B). Musical Manuscripts containing Polychronions Present in other Libraries 1.2. Biblical Evidence for the Polychronion 1.2.1. The Pedagogy of the Biblical Polychronion 1.2.2. Biblical Expressions relating to Polychronion Chapter 2. Ceremonial Music in the Eastern-European Lands 2.1.The Polychronion in the Byzantine Secular and Ecclesiastical Ceremonial 2.2. The Origin of Ovations – the Description of the Secular and Ecclesiastical Ceremonies 2.2.1. The Role of Ovations 2.2.2. The Music of Ovations 2.3. The Polychronion's Role in the Diversification of the Byzantine Music 2.4. The Polychronion, a New Musical Genre Reflected the Secular and Ecclesiastical Ceremonies Chapter 3. The Musical Genre of the Polychronions 3.1. The Polychronion's Belonging to the Melodic Genres 3.2. The Continuity of the Byzantine Musical Genre of the Polychronions in the Romanian Countries; the Ties with Mount Athos Chapter 4. Polychronions Dedicated to the Romanian Rulers on Mount Athos 4.1. Hagioritic Monasteries which Shelter Manuscripts Containing Polychronions 4.2. The Reciting of the Polychronion in the Crowning Ceremonial 4.3. Polychronions Dedicated by the Hagioritic Protopsaltes to the Romanian Voivodes) 4.3.1. Polychronion in the Honour of Alexandru Lăpuşneanu (Athos, 1553) 4.3.2. The Polychronion of the Luke the Hagiorite, Dedicated to the Voivode Matei Basarab 4.3.3. Polychronion in the Honour of the Voivodes C. Brâncoveanu, Written by Chrysaphios the Young 4.3.4. Polychronion for the Voivode Grigorie – the Ruler of the Romanian Country, by Ghermano the Protopsaltis 1 4.3.5. Polychronion Dedicated to Voivode Constantin Brâncoveanu of the Romanian Country 4.3.6. Polychronion in the Honour Ioan Mavrocordat (XVIIIth cent.) by Ioannis Papadopoulos 4.3.7. Hymn of Praise in the Honour of Ioan Nicolae Alexandru Voivode by the Hieromonk Clement Grădişteanu 4.3.8. Polychronion Dedicated to Constantin Mihail Racoviţă by Athanasie Rapsoniotul 4.3.9. Polychronion Dedicated to the Ruler Dimitrie Ghica by Petru Efesiu Chapter 5. Characteristics of Polychronions 5.1. Features of Polychronions 5.2. The Polychronion within the Frame of the Orthodox Chapter 6. Typical Polychronions in Neumatic Notation 6.1. Macarie the Hieromonk (1770 or 1775 – 1845) 6.2. Visarion the Protopsaltis (1794 – 1844) 6.3. Anton Pann (1794 – 1854) 6.4. Veniamin Cătulescu (1816 – 1890) 6.5. Ştefanache Popescu (1824 – 1911) 6.6. Serafim the Hieromonk (XIXth cent.) 6.7. Nicolae Apostolescu (secolul al XIX-lea) 6.8. Oprea Demetrescu (1831 – 1919) 6.9. Neagu Ionescu (1836 – 1917) 6.10. Gheorghe (Ghiţă) Ionescu (1838 – 1910) 6.11. Ioan Armăşescu (1838 – 1921) 6.12. Lazăr Ştefănescu (1840 – 1915) 6.13. Ioan Zmeu (1860 – 1922) 6.14. Nifon N. Ploieşteanu (1860 – 1922) 6.15. Ioan Popescu Pasărea (1871 – 1943) 6.16. Anton V. Uncu (1909 – 1976) 6.17. Vasile Coman (XIX – XXth cent.) 6.18. Sebastian Barbu-Bucur (1930 - …) Chapter 7. Polychronions in Western (staff) Notation and/or Double Notation 7.1. Dimitrie Cunţanu (1837 – 1910) 7.2. Trifon Lugojan (1874 – 1948) 7.3. Ion Croitoru (1884 – 1972) 2 7.4. Nicolae Lungu (1900 – 1993) şi Anton V. Uncu (1909 – 1976) 7.5. Florin Bucescu (n. 1936) Chapter 8. Polyphonic Polychronions 8.1. The Beginnings of Polyphony from the Viewpoint of Musical Genre of the Polychronions 8.2. The Beginnings of the Secular Choral and Ecclesiastical Music in the Romanian Countries 8.3. Typical polyphonic polychronions 8.3.1. Mulţi ani (Many years to you), Polychronion on Three Equal Voices by Ioan Cart 8.3.2. Pre stăpânul (Preserve, O Lord, our Master) by Dimitrie Cunţanu 8.3.3. Pre stăpânul şi arhiereul (Preserve, O Lord, our Master and Hierarch) by George Ionescu 8.3.4. Hierarchical Hymn for mixed and male choir by Alexandru Podoleanu 8.3.6. Hierarchical hymn by George I. Dima 8.3.7. Festal Hymn by Gheorghe (George) Dima 8.3.8. Mulţi ani şi Pre stăpânul (Many years to you and Preserve, O Lord, our Master) by Ioan Bunescu 8.3.9. Pre stăpânul şi arhiereul nostru (Preserve, O Lord, our Master and Hierarch) by Nifon Ploieşteanu 8.3.10. Vrednic este! ([he is] Worthy!) by D. G. Kiriac 8.3.11. Întru mulţi ani, stăpâne (Many years to you, Master) de Mihail Berezovschi 8.3.12. Mulţi ani şi Pre stăpânul (Many years to you and Preserve, O Lord, our Master) by Ioan Popescu-Pasărea 8.3.13. Imnul patriarhal pentru cor bărbătesc compus în onoarea şi proslăvirea întâiului Patriarh al României, D. D. dr. Miron Cristea (The Patriarchic Hymn for Male Choir Composed in Honour and Glory for the First Romanian Patriarch, D.D. Ph.d. Miron Cristea) by Gheorghe Cucu 8.3.14. Mulţi ani trăiască (Many years to you) by Ioan D. Chirescu 8.3.15. Dedicaţie Preasfinţiei Sale Nicolae Ivan, Episcopul Vadului, Feleacului şi Clujului (Dedication to his Holiness, Nicolae Ivan, Archbishop of Vadul, Feleacul and Cluj) by Vasile Petraşcu 8.3.16. Polychronions by Cornel Givulescu 8.3.17. Imn închinat P.F. Patriarh Justinian, cu prilejul împlinirii a 70 de ani – pentru cor bărbătesc (vesuri de diac. Anatolie Lefter) (Hymn Dedicated to His Holiness, Patriarch Justinian, on His 70th Birthday Anniversary – for Male Choir [lyrics by Deacon Anatolie Lefter]) by Nicolae C. Lungu 3 8.3.18. Imn patriarhal închinat Preafericitului Părinte Justinian, Patriarhul Bisericii Ortodoxe Române, a XVI-a aniversare a întronizării sale. Un sfert de veac – imn festiv închinat Preafericitului Părinte Patriarh Justinian de pr. Ion Popescu-Runcu (Patriarchal Hymn Dedicated to his Holiness, Father Justinian, the Patriarch of the Romanian Orthodox Church, on his 16th Anniversary of His Enthroning. A Quarter of a Century - Festal Hymn Dedicated to his Holiness, Father Patriarch Justinian by Fr. Ion Popescu- 8.3.19. Imne ocazionale (Occasional Hymns) by Dimitrie Cusma (1909 – 1992) 8.3.20. Imne închinate Preasfinţitului Episcop Antim Angelescu al Buzăului, cu prilejul împlinirii a 25 de ani de episcopat (1944 – 1969) (Hymns Dedicated to his Holiness, Bishop Antim Angelescu of Buzău, on His 25th Anniversary of Episcopacy [1944 – 1969]) by Fr. Radu Antofie 8.3.21. Imn festiv dedicat Preafericitului Părinte Patriarh Justinian la 70 de ani (Festal Hymn dedicated to His Holiness, Father Patriarch Justinian) by Gheorghe Dumitrescu 8.3.22. Mulţi ani trăiască, La mulţi ani, Bine-aţi venit (Many years to you, Happy New Year, Welcome) by Ioan Brie 8.3.23. Imn patriarhal la unison, cor mixt şi bărbătesc (Patriarchal Hymn in Unison, Mixed and Male Choir) by Sebastian Barbu-Bucur 8.3.24. Imn patriarhal închinat Preafericitului Părinte Justinian, Patriarhul Bisericii Ortodoxe Române, Imn festiv: Urare Preafericitului Patriarh Justinian la împlinirea vârstei de 70 de ani (pentru cor mixt) (Patriarchal Hymn Dedicated to His Holiness Justinian, the Patriarch of Romanian Orthodox Church, Festal Hymn: Felicitation to His Holiness, Patriarch Justinian, on His 70th Birthday Anniversary [for mixed choir]) by Fr. Lect. Ph.D. Constantin Drăguşin 8.3.25. Imn arhieresc omagial (pentru cor mixt), dedicat P.S. Nestor Vornicescu, cu ocazia alegerii şi întronizării ca Mitropolit al Olteniei (Hierarchical Hymn of Reverence [for mixed choir] Dedicated to His Holiness Nestor Vornicescu, on the Occasion of his Election and Enthroning as Metropolitan of Oltenia) by Alexie Buzera 8.3.26. Imnul patriarhal pentru cor bărbătesc (The Patriarchal Hymn for Male Choir) by Constantin V. Simionescu 8.3.27. Pre stăpânul şi Mulţi ani (Many years to you and Preserve, O Lord, our Master) by Vasile Spătărelu 8.3.28. Polihronioane (Polychronions) by Fr. Lect. Ph.D. Vasile Stanciu 8.3.29. Imnul patriarchal (The Patriarchal Hymn) de Fr. Lect. Stelian Ionaşcu 4 Chapter 9: Chart with Manuscripts Containing Polychronions from the Library of the Romanian Academy, the Library of the Holy Synod, the Library of Stavropoleos Monastery, the Library of Neamt Monastery and Mount Athos 9.1. Polychronions in the Library of the Romanian Academy (BAR) 9.2. Polychronions in the Musical Manuscripts of the Library of Writers and Musicologists Union from Romania (BUCMR) 9.3. Polychronions in the Musical Manuscripts from the Library of the Holy Synod (BS 9.5. Polychronions in the Musical Manuscripts of Neamţ Monastery (BMN) 9.6. Polychronions in the Musical Manuscripts of Mount Athos Chapter 10: Polychronions rendered in double notation Conclusions Bibliography Facsimiles KEY-WORDS: polychronion, byzantine music, psaltic manuscripts The work presented here – The Polychronion in the Romanian Music of Byzantine Tradition from the XVIth Century Until Today (Polihronionul în muzica românească de tradiţie bizantină din secolul al XVI-lea până în prezent) – set up as a doctoral thesis under the guidance of Fr. Lect. Ph.D. Vasile Stanciu, amounts to a presentation of the musical genre of polychronions as a way of recognizing the continuity of the Byzantine culture and spirituality in the Romanian Countries. They can constitute a musical outline of the manner in which Mount Athos appreciated the substantial donations of the Romanian rulers. They represent as well the musical, ecclesiastical creation gathered in the chant books used in the course of time, part of them being the expression of the festal or anniversary moments in the life of the Church. The work is divided into nine chapters, preceded by a short Introduction, Preliminaries and followed by Conclusions. Every chapter is divided into subsections. The Introduction presents the theme under examination, setting off the importance of the polychronions, which are part of the sources of byzantine music; thus they can be considered true landmarks for dating some old manuscripts of psaltic music.