U.S. System Summary: NORTHEAST CORRIDOR Northeast Corridor High-Speed Rail System (Source: NEC Future) The Northeast Corridor high-speed rail system is an the Northeast Corridor high-speed rail system are part of existing system containing 669 miles of routes in three the federally-designated Northeast Corridor High-Speed segments across the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic U.S. Rail Corridor. Amtrak, the U.S. national railroad passen- states, encompassing major U.S. cities including Boston, ger corporation, owns a majority of the right-of-way in the MA; New York, NY; Philadelphia, PA; and Washington, two segments of the Northeast Corridor high-speed rail D.C. High-speed rail service is currently Operational system between Boston, New York, and Washington, D.C. in the two segments between Boston, MA, and Wash- Due to the high density of development along the route, ington, D.C., with train speeds up to 150 mph between most improvements to operational high-speed rail service Boston and New York and up to 135 mph between New would likely be contained within the existing Northeast York and Washington, D.C. A second, alternative route Corridor (NEC) right-of-way. The latest proposed “Next segment between Boston, MA, and New York, NY, has Gen” route, however, calls for constructing new railroad been outlined in Amtrak’s most recent plan update and infrastructure over a new, shorter route between Boston is currently in the Proposed stage. All three segments of and New York with maximum train speeds up to 220 mph. U.S. HIGH-SPEED RAIL SYSTEM SUMMARY: NORTHEAST CORRIDOR | 1 SY STEM DESCRIPTION AND HISTORY System Description The Northeast Corridor high-speed rail system consists of three segments, as summarized below. Northeast Corridor High-Speed Rail System Segment Characteristics Segment Description Distance Segment Status Designated Corridor? Segment Population Boston, MA, to New York, NY (Shoreline) 231 Miles Operational Yes 19,508,811 Boston, MA, to New York, NY (Next Gen) 212 Miles Proposed Yes 20,721,192 New York, NY, to Washington, D.C. 226 Miles Operational Yes 28,348,493 The Boston, MA, to New York, NY, segment of the North- average speed of approximately 86 mph. Amtrak owns the east Corridor high-speed rail system is described as two entire 226-mile segment. Amtrak’s conventional North- segments: a “Shoreline” segment and a Next Gen segment. east Regional trains also operate over the same corridor at The Shoreline segment is 231 miles in length and connects slower speeds. The total population of communities served Boston and New York via Providence, RI; New London, by existing Acela Express service along this segment was CT, New Haven, CT, and Stamford, CT. Existing high- 28,348,493 in 2010. speed rail service on the Shoreline segment is currently operated by Amtrak’s Acela Express electric high-speed System History rail service over existing right-of-way owned by Amtrak Development of high-speed intercity passenger rail service or local commuter rail transit agencies. The Acela Express in the Northeast Corridor high-speed rail system dates achieves a maximum speed of 150 mph in three sections back to the High-Speed Ground Transportation Act of 1965, totaling approximately 34 miles of the 231-mile segment, which authorized more than $51 million for improvements with an overall average speed of approximately 62 mph. to the NEC route. At that time, the line was owned by the Amtrak’s conventional Northeast Regional trains operate Pennsylvania Railroad, who had electrified the New York over the same corridor, although at slower overall speeds. to Washington, D.C., segment in the early 1930s. Initial The total population of communities served by existing high-speed train demonstration projects were implement- Acela Express service along this segment was 19,508,811 in ed by the Penn Central Railroad on both segments of the 2010. The Next Gen alignment, proposed by Amtrak as a corridor in the late 1960s, and these projects were shifted to future improvement plan to service in the New York-Bos- Amtrak when it took over U.S. passenger train operations ton segment of the NEC, is 212 miles in length and con- in May 1971. In 1976, as part of the Penn Central restruc- nects Boston and New York via Providence, RI, Hartford, turing into Conrail, ownership of the Northeast Corridor CT, and New Rochelle, NY. The Next Gen segment defini- right-of-way was transferred to Amtrak. The Northeast tion is inspired by Amtrak’s A Vision for High-Speed Rail Corridor Improvement Project was also initiated in 1976, in the Northeast Corridor, which proposes next generation with $1.6 billion authorized for improvements across the electric high-speed rail service over a combination of new Boston to Washington, D.C., route. The improvement right-of-way and existing Northeast Corridor alignment project was successful at reducing trip times along the cor- with maximum speeds of 220 mph. The total population ridor and other capacity improvements. of communities being considered for proposed Amtrak Next-Gen high-speed rail service along this segment was In the early 1990s, further improvement projects were au- 20,721,192 in 2010. thorized and funded, laying the groundwork for the imple- mentation of true high-speed rail along the entire corridor. The New York, NY, to Washington, D.C., segment of the In July 1994, the Federal Railroad Administration pub- Northeast Corridor high-speed rail system described in lished The Northeast Corridor Transportation Plan: New this summary is 226 miles in length and includes ma- York City to Boston, in which it outlined the plan for elec- jor communities such as Newark, NJ; Philadelphia, PA; trification of the Boston to New York segment of the cor- Wilmington, DE; and Baltimore, MD, along the route. ridor and other improvements needed to implement mod- The Amtrak Acela Express high-speed rail service also ern high-speed rail along the corridor. In December 2000, currently operates over this segment, with train speeds after a number of delays, the Acela Express high-speed rail reaching up to 135 mph along portions of the route with an service was inaugurated by Amtrak in the Northeast Cor- 2 | U.S. HIGH-SPEED RAIL SYSTEM SUMMARY: NORTHEAST CORRIDOR Acela Express High-Speed Train Operating on Existing NEC (Source: Bombardier) ridor between Boston, New York, and Washington, D.C. high-speed rail system in the Northeast Corridor. The first Ridership on the Acela Express has grown steadily in more step, called the NEC Upgrade Program (or NEC-UP), is a than a decade of service, and the route is the flagship of the set of proposed projects that would provide a maximum Amtrak national intercity passenger rail network. authorized speed of 160 mph across the Northeast Corri- dor, increase capacity in constrained areas of the line, and In May 2010, the Northeast Corridor Infrastructure Master bring the corridor into a state of good repair. The NEC- Plan was released. The Master Plan was developed by a UP program would be completed between 2015 and 2025 region-wide collaboration, which included 12 Northeast- and lay the groundwork for the second program step, the ern states, the District of Columbia, Amtrak, the Federal NEC Next-Generation High-Speed Rail (NEC NextGen Railroad Administration, eight commuter rail operators, HSR). The NEC NextGen HSR program would be com- and three freight railroads operating in the Northeast Cor- pleted between 2025 and 2040 and includes as its center- ridor. Initiated in 2007, the Master Plan reflects existing piece a new, dedicated high-speed intercity passenger rail goals and plans for rail operations in the Northeast Cor- alignment between New Rochelle, NY, and Providence, ridor through 2030, and outlines infrastructure projects RI. The proposed alignment (called the Boston to New that would be necessary to meet those goals. In September York Next Gen segment in this summary) would deviate 2010, Amtrak released a report entitled A Vision for High- from Amtrak’s existing route (called the Shoreline seg- Speed Rail in the Northeast Corridor. In this report, Am- ment in this summary) and would be a more direct route trak outlined its proposal for a next-generation high-speed between New York and Boston resulting in additional re- rail system covering a new Boston to New York “Next Gen” duced travel time. Between New York and Washington, high-speed passenger rail segment and the existing New D.C., the proposed NEC NextGen HSR would generally York to Washington, D.C., segment. In July 2012, Am- follow Amtrak’s existing right-of-way. As proposed, the trak released an update to the 2010 Vision Plan. The 2012 NEC NextGen HSR service would operate using electric- update report consolidated the projects outlined in the powered trains at a maximum speed of 220 mph, reducing Master Plan and the 2010 Vision Plan with a Business & travel times between Boston and New York from 214 min- Financial Plan developed in 2011 by Amtrak for its North- utes in 2010 to 94 minutes in 2040 if implemented. Travel east Corridor high-speed rail services. times between New York and Washington, D.C. would be reduced from 160 minutes to 94 minutes under the Next Amtrak’s July 2012 update report outlined a “stair-step” Gen plan. phasing strategy for implementing its proposed Next-Gen U.S. HIGH-SPEED RAIL SYSTEM SUMMARY: NORTHEAST CORRIDOR | 3 Union Station, Washington, D.C. Recently, the Federal Railroad Administration initiated passenger train service between the metropolitan areas of planning studies for major long-term improvement of Washington, D.C.; Philadelphia, PA; New York, NY; and high-speed intercity passenger rail in the Northeast Cor- Boston, MA.