THE PILGRIM’S PROGRESS John Bunyan Week 1 CHURCH HISTORY 55 B.C. – Roman occupation of Britain begins with Julius Caesar 323 – Constantine becomes emperor in the East, Christianity becomes the official religion 386-404 – Jerome translates the Bible into Latin (“Vulgate”) 407 – Roman legions leave Britain 389-461 – Saint Patrick takes Christianity to Ireland 476 – Western Roman empire ends 400s-500s – Christianity almost disappears due to Anglo/Saxon conquest CHURCH HISTORY 600 – Pope dispatches a bishop named Augustine to re-establish church in England 900s – Alfred the Great translates the Psalms into Saxon Bishop of Canterbury translates the Old Testament 1066 – Norman conquest 1229 – Council of Toulouse decreed that lay persons should not possess any Scripture except the Psalms, nor read them in any language except Latin 1330-1384 – John Wycliffe – translates Vulgate into English Established a group of lay preachers called “Lollards” CHURCH HISTORY 1401 – Henry IV issues statute for the burning of heretics and heretical books, anyone preaching without a license from bishops to be imprisoned 1408 – Archbishop Arundel forbids translations unless approved by him Early 1400s – many Lollards burned 1422-1485 – England in political chaos, “War of the Roses” between two powerful families competing for the kingship, Henry Tudor is enthroned as Henry VII CHURCH HISTORY 1509 – Henry VIII becomes King 1516 – Erasmus publishes Greek New Testament in parallel with Vulgate Latin 1515 – Luther posts 95 these on Wittenberg church door 1520-1521 – Diet of Worms, Luther is excommunicated 1521-1522 – Luther translates New Testament into German using Erasmus’ Greek text and publishes it 1509-1524 – Henry VIII has many children by Catherine, but all are still-born or die soon after birth, except daughter Mary He believes it is a judgment of God, starts to try and dissolve the marriage CHURCH HISTORY 1524-36 – William Tyndale leaves England to make a translation of the Bible into English directly from the Greek and Hebrew, copies are forbidden and burned, he is betrayed, imprisoned, and burned. 1527 – Henry VIII seeks a divorce to re-marry and have a male heir, Pope refuses to act for years 1531-34 – Henry takes steps to reduce papal authority over the church in England, procures a grant of divorce from his own new archbishop, marries Ann Bolyn; pope threatens to excommunicate him unless he takes Catherine back, Henry abolishes the pope’s authority and makes himself head of the Church of England CHURCH HISTORY 1536-47 – Henry had Anne executed on claims of adultery when she didn’t produce an heir; son Edward was born of Jane Seymour in 1547, after which she died; Henry had three more wives before dying Vacillating official religion in England 1547-53 – Edward VI, Protestant 1553-58 – Mary (daughter of Catherine of Aragon, “Bloody Mary”), Catholic 1558-1603 – Elizabeth I, moderately Protestant in theology, Catholic in tradition and practice CHURCH HISTORY 1603-25 – James VI, Protestant 1638 – John Bunyan born 1625-49 – Charles I, Catholic 1645-58 – Oliver Cromwell, chief of the Parliamentary army, rules without title for several years, is named Lord Protector in 1653, no effective leader emerges upon his death 1660-1685 – Charles II, Catholic CHURCH HISTORY 1662 – “Great Ejection” in one day forces 2000 dissenting ministers from their pulpits, all who refuse to comply with the Act of Uniformity, which mandates episcopacy (strictly following the Book of Common Prayer) 1685-88 – James II, Catholic August 31, 1688 – John Bunyan dies JOHN BUNYAN 1628 – born near Elstow, Bedfordshire 1630’s – briefly attends school; learns the trade of tinker from father 1644 – mother and sister die; father remarries 1644-47 – serves in the infantry of Cromwell’s Parliamentary army 1649 – first marriage; 4 children are born, including blind Mary Wife encourages his reading of practical Christian books 1649-54 – spiritual turmoil leads to his conversion, membership with Bedford church, nonconformist 1658 – first wife dies JOHN BUNYAN 1659 – second marriage to Elizabeth, 3 children 1660-72 – imprisoned for leading an unlawful religious assembly Occasional releases are allowed Supports family by making shoe laces Preaches to inmates Spends much time writing 1667-72 – The Pilgrim’s Progress is written, but held back due to criticism 1674 – attacked with false rumors concerning another woman 1677 – imprisoned for six months JOHN BUNYAN 1678 – The Pilgrim’s Progress is published by Nathaniel Ponder 100,000 copies sold by 1688 1684 – The Pilgrim’s Progress, The Second Part is published 1688 – preaches his last sermon, August 19, on John 1:13 1688 – visits Reading to help reconcile a son with his father, catches a fever, dies in London on August 31st, buried at Bunhill Fields THE PILGRIM’S PROGRESS Allegory a poem, play, picture, etc., in which the apparent meaning of the characters and events is used to symbolize a deeper moral or spiritual meaning use of such symbolism to illustrate truth or a moral THE PILGRIM’S PROGRESS Bunyan drew deeply from the Scriptures 500 Scripture references from Bunyan’s original side notes 800 additional Scripture references 66 direct Scripture quotations included, but not referenced 200 direct quotations from Scriptures THE PILGRIM’S PROGRESS Depicts the life of a man named Christian Lives in the City of Destruction Christian has a burden on his back that he cannot get off He is then warned by a man named Evangelist to get out of the city of Destruction, to flee the coming wrath He tries to get his wife and children to help him, then flee with him The refuse Christian than leaves on a journey to rid himself of the burden on his back and eventually reach the celestial city He meets many characters, adventures, and trials along the way that can encourage and warn us JOHN BUNYAN’S ORIGINAL APOLOGY FOR HIS BOOK An answer to criticism Slightly difficult to read and understand, but worth the effort! CHAPTER 1 THE PILGRIM BEGINS HIS JOURNEY Book great burden on his back City of Destruction Evangelist Narrow Gate shining light Obstinate Pliable tje Way CHAPTER 2 THE PILGRIM FALLS INTO THE SWAMP OF DESPONDENCE Him Who Cannot Lie Swamp of Despondence Help the King Lawgiver CHAPTER 3 THE PILGRIM AND LEGALITY Mr. Worldly Wiseman Town of Carnal Policy Likely to meet: Wearisomeness, Painfulness, Hunger, Perils, Nakedness, Sword, Lions, Dragons, Darkness, Death Village of Morality Legality Legality has a son, Civility Mount Sinai CHAPTER 3 THE PILGRIM AND LEGALITY 3 Things in the Counsel of Mr. Worldly Wiseman that must be despised: 1st – “his act of turning you out of the Way” 2nd – “his work to render the Cross offensive to you” 3rd – “his way of setting your feet in the path that leads to the administration of death” CHAPTER 4 THE PILGRIM ENTERS THE GATE Gate Goodwill Mount Zion Narrow Road “constructed by the Patriarchs, Prophets, Christ, and His Apostles” Place of Deliverance Interpreter CHAPTER 5 THE PILGRIM MEETS THE INTERPRETER Interpreter Picture on the wall “man had eyes lifted up to Heaven, the Best of Books was in his hand, the Law of Truth was written upon his lips, the world was behind his back, he stood as if he pleaded with men, and a crown of gold hung over his head.” Room full of dust Patience and Passion Fire burning next to a wall Palace filled with people dressed in gold Dark room with a man in an Iron Cage Trembling man’s dream of the Day of Judgement CHAPTER 6 THE PILGRIM REACHES THE PLACE OF DELIVERANCE Wall of Salvation Cross and Tomb on the hill Christian’s burden falls off his back and tumbles into the Tomb, never to be seen again 3 Shining Ones 1st – “Your sins are forgiven.” 2nd – “stripped him of the rags he was wearing and clothed him with rich garments.” 3rd – “set a mark on his forehead and gave him a Document with a seal on it. He instructed Christian to look at the Document as he continued on his way and to deliver it at the Celestial Gate.” 3 men in shackles Simple, Sloth, Presumption 2 men climb over the gate Hypocrisy and Formality from the Land of Boasting CHAPTER 7 THE PILGRIM CLIMBS THE HILL OF DIFFICULTY Hill of Difficulty 2 paths to the left and right Danger and Destruction Pleasant arbor made by the Lord of the Hill 2 men at the top of the hill Fearful and Mistrust Lions Palace Beautiful CHAPTER 8 THE PILGRIM MEETS THE FAMILY Lions Porter named Watchful The Family Discretion Prudence, Piety, and Charity Fellowship and a meal are shared Hospitality is shown, he sleeps in a bedroom of Peace Show him “the lineage of the Lord of the Hill, how He was the Son of the Ancient of Days and came by an eternal generation” Read him records of His servants Show him the journey from the top of the house Arm him from the armory Walk him on his way to the bottom of the hill CHAPTER 9 THE PILGRIM GOES THROUGH VALLEYS Valley of Humiliation Battle with Apollyon Christian is wounded but victorious Leaves of the Tree of life Valley of the Shadow of Death Ditch on the right hand Quagmire on the left hand Mouth of Hell CHAPTER 10 TWO PILGRIMS MEET Faithful Wanton Adam the First, from the town of Deceit 3 Daughters, Lust of the Flesh, Lust of the Eyes, Pride of Life Older man – Moses Discontent Friends: Pride, Arrogance, Self Conceit, Worldly Glory Shame READING HOMEWORK Pilgrim’s Progress Words of Delight Chapters 1-X Chapter 18: Allegory in the Parables (407-409) ENGRADE HOMEWORK none WRITTEN HOMEWORK BRIEFLY answer the following comprehension questions for each chapter.