Alpine Space LOS_DAMA! SYNTHESIS REPORT May 2020 2 INDEX Glossary p.5 LOS_DAMA! INTRODUCTION p.7 Introduction p.9 Methods and materials p.12 LOS_DAMA! THEORY p.15 Theoretical scheme p.16 Landscape p.19 Periurban landscapes p.23 GI meaning p.27 Peri-urban agriculture p.31 Landscape approach p.35 Governance p.39 LOS_DAMA! PILOT PROFILES p.43 Pilot profiles p.44 Munich p.48 Grenoble-Alps p.52 Vienna p.56 Salzburg p.60 Trento p.64 Region Piedmont p.68 Ljubljana Marsh p.72 LOS_DAMA! REFLECTION p.77 Lessons from transdisciplinary cooperation p.79 LOS_DAMA! BACKGROUND p.83 Literature list p.84 Appendix, photo credits, project partner contacts and imprint p.97 Appendix p.98 Pilot action plan p.98 Toolbox description p.120 Interview topics p.123 Authors p.124 Photo credits p.125 Project partner contacts p.126 Imprint p.127 3 4 GLOSSARY PROJECT PARTNERS MUC City of Munich (Germany) GAM Grenoble-Alps Metropolis (France) VIE City of Vienna (Austria) SIR Salzburg Institute for Regional Planning and Housing (Austria) TRENT City of Trento (Italy) PIEM Piedmont Region (Italy) UIRS Urban Planning Institute of the Republic of Slovenia (Slovenia) LOCAL PILOT PARTNERS RMMSW Regional management Munich Southwest (Regionalmanagement München Südwest) VDM Dachauer Moos Association (Verein Dachauer Moos) HFV Heathland Association (Heideflächenverein Münchener Norden) SUM Urban Region Management Vienna Lower Austria (Stadt-Umland-Management Wien/Niederosterreich) OTHERS AG7 Action Group 7: working group within EUSALP dedicated to ecological connectivity CAP Common Agricultural Policy CLC Corine Land Cover EC European Commission EU European Union EUSALP European strategy for Alpine region FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations GI Green Infrastructure LULC Land Use and Land Cover MoU Memorandum of Understanding NGO Non Governmental Association(s) 5 6 Alpine Space LOS_DAMA! INTRODUCTION 7 Figure 1. Sheep grazing to manage the heathlands in the north of Munich 8 INTRODUCTION by Martina van Lierop LOS_DAMA! stands for Landscape and Open Partners and observers Space Development in Alpine Metropolitan The LOS_DAMA! partnership is comprised of Areas. From November 2016 to December three cities, one metropolitan and one regional 2019, this EU Interreg project developed authority to increase the impact and test the and applied approaches to better protect, various tools for green infrastructure (GI) and its enhance and develop green and open spaces governance in different pilot projects: the City of and thus improve the quality of life in peri- Munich (as lead partner), the City of Trento and urban landscapes in the Alpine Region. The the City of Vienna, Grenoble-Alps Metropolis metropolitan areas in and around the Alps face and Piedmont Region. Two planning institutes common challenges related to increasing land work in close contact with their home cities and use pressure on peri-urban land. On the fringes surrounding municipalities: Salzburg Institute of the urban centres, a wide range of demands, for Regional Planning and Housing (SIR) and such as local recreation, nature conservation, Urban Planning Institute of the Republic of agriculture, settlement development and the Slovenia (UIRS). Three universities support our expansion of infrastructure, face each other. project and the local pilot activities: University of Conflicts between different users are becoming Grenoble-Alps, Technical University of Munich more frequent, while complex and fragmented and Eberhard Karls University Tübingen. landscape patterns further aggravate the situation. In addition, LOS_DAMA! includes 22 project observers, who took part in different exchange Peri-urban landscapes provide a large variety settings and ensured cooperation in a wider of functions such as water retention, food Alpine network. They are valuable partners to supply, biodiversity and contribute to improve exchange on how to enhance GI in city regions. human well-being in metropolitan regions. The implementation of the activities on the local Despite their many functions, policy makers level was supported by six associations and at all levels and citizens often overlook and local partners. Eight transnational, regional and undervalue these landscapes, in particular in knowledge institutions contribute to promote front of the spectacular background of the Alps. multilevel governance. Planners struggle to offer effective solutions for the social and ecological enhancement of peri-urban landscapes. Political commitment, Pilot projects increased cooperation within departments The main focus of the LOS_DAMA! project are of administrations and with stakeholders for seven pilot projects in peri-urban areas of in enhancing liveability and sustainability are the alpine metropolitan regions of Grenoble, needed. Moreover, the planning of a metropolitan Ljubljana, Munich, Piedmont, Salzburg, Trento region takes place in different municipalities and Vienna where innovative approaches for GI that strive to retain their autonomy. Incentives were explored. The pilot projects are situated or instruments to support or improve regional in peri-urban landscapes across the Alps. High cooperation and coordination are often weak or reaching mountains surround the valleys of non-existent, especially when it comes to green Trento and Grenoble. Salzburg and Ljubljana spaces. are part of river valleys at alpine foothills, while In 2013, the European Commission published its the regions of Munich, Vienna and Turin lie at Green Infrastructure Strategy (2013a, 2013b). a distance from the Alps on plains created by Within the LOS_DAMA! project, the aim was glaciers and rivers. The metropolitan regions to bridge the gap between the strategical EU- of Munich, Vienna and Turin each host more level and implementation on local level. Various than 1.5 million inhabitants. In comparison, the partners from the Alpine region engaged in metropolitan regions of Grenoble and Ljubljana developing multifunctional peri-urban green are smaller with more than 500.000 inhabitants networks as well as networks of actors. each. The metropolitan regions of Trento and 9 project partner and pilot project EKUT TUM knowledge VIE partner MUC SIR UIRS GAM TRENT UGA PIEM Figure 2. Map of the location of the LOS_DAMA! pilot projects, partners and observers. Salzburg host between 225.000 and 350.000 management measures in the Vouillants park inhabitants each. While the landscapes, and aimed to raise awareness on peri-urban population as well as planning systems differ green areas at the political and technical level. in each of the metropolitan regions, they face The City of Munich set up three different pilot common challenges regarding the pressures activities with inter-municipal associations to on peri-urban landscapes and their fragmented raise awareness for and better coordinate governance. landscape development around the city. Raising Each of the LOS_DAMA! pilots took a different awareness and changing the common perception approach to cope with these challenges. They of peri-urban open spaces was also a key included the cooperation between municipalities objective for the City of Trento, which tested to make plans and take actions in order to raise participatory methods to acquire knowledge and awareness for the cultural and natural assets of promote landscape plans. peri-urban landscapes. For example, the City of Vienna closely cooperated with the neighbouring Bridging science and practice municipality of Gerasdorf to develop a regional The Eberhard Karls University Tübingen (EKUT), park and the Urban Planning Institute of the Technical University of Munich (TUM), the Slovenia (UIRS) supported the municipalities University Grenoble Alps (UGA) and the Urban within the Ljubljana Marsh natural area for joint Institute of the Republic of Slovenia (UIRS), development of GI for recreation. The Piedmont as LOS_DAMA! knowledge partners were Region worked on a wider territorial scale to committed to build a bridge between theory and implement their green infrastructure concept into practice at transnational and local levels. The regional planning and translate it into specific aim was to close the gap between academic measures. The Salzburg Institute for Regional knowledge and the local action of politics and Planning and Housing developed an “Eco-pool” administration. to foster more effective compensation measures based on the quality of green areas. Other Part of the task was a review on the state-of- pilots successfully tested governance tools to the-art knowledge from studies and projects better develop peri-urban green infrastructure. on relevant topics for the LOS_DAMA! project. Grenoble-Alps Metropolis tested innovative Within this task, TUM’s focal point was on the 10 GI concept and its implementation in planning More information about the LOS_DAMA! project processes. UGA’s focused on stakeholder can be found in the other final publications: and government analysis, while EKUT • LOS_DAMA! Postcards addressed issues in relation to participation and perspectives on landscape. Through sharing • LOS_DAMA! Compendium knowledge, consulting and facilitating of learning • LOS_DAMA! Toolbox processes, the knowledge partners supported • LOS_DAMA! Public synthesis report the pilot partners on challenges and needs indicated by them to enhance their local know- • LOS_DAMA! Policy recommendations how and skills. To this end, also various seminars were held during the project meetings, often in cooperation with the project partners. To advance GI development