ISSN 2319-8885 Vol.03,Issue.10 May-2014, Pages:2177-2181 www.semargroup.org, www.ijsetr.com Design of 15 meter Head Hydraulic Ram Pump 1 2 YU YU MAW , ZAW MOE HTET 1Dept of Mechanical Engineering, Mandalay Technological University, Mandalay, Myanmar, Email: [email protected]. 2Dept of Mechanical Engineering, Mandalay Technological University, Mandalay, Myanmar, Email: [email protected]. Abstract: Hydraulic Ram Pump are water pumping devices that are powered by falling water and other energy is not needed to operate it.so that hydram is very useful for household, irrigation and farming at hillside where no electrical power reach. This journal describes the hydram design which is intended to pump the water of 1800 liters per day and to lift 15 meter of delivery head. Based on the design drive pipe length is 7.2 meter, supply head is 1.2 meter, power is 3 W and efficiency is 48.85%.The total cost of hydram is relatively cheaper than the other type of pumps and easily to install and maintain. Thus, a variety of financial incentives available on the state, utility and federal level of investment in energy system. Keywords: Drive Pipe Length, Efficiency, Federal Level. I. INTRODUCTION Mixed flow (single and double section) A hydraulic ram, or hydram, is a cyclic water pump Peripheral(single or multistage) powered by hydropower. It functions as a hydraulic Special Effect transformer that takes in water at one "hydraulic head" Gas Lift (pressure) and flow-rate, and outputs water at a higher Jet hydraulic-head and lower flow-rate. The device utilizes the Hydraulic Ram water hammer effect to develop pressure that allows a portion Electromagnetic of the input water that powers the pump to be lifted to a point higher than where the water originally started. The hydraulic B. Positive Displacement ram is sometimes used in remote areas, where there is both a Reciprocating source of low-head hydropower, and a need for pumping Piston Plunger water to a destination higher in elevation than the source. In this situation, the ram is often useful, since it requires no Diaphragm (mechanically or fluid driven, simplex outside source of power other than the kinetic energy of or multiplex) Rotary water. No other external energy is required and if there is a Single Rotor (vane, piston, screw, flexible member, continuous flow of falling water, the pump will work peristaltic) continuously and automatically. The hydram has only two Multiple Rotors (gear, lobe, screw, circumferential moving parts a spring or weight loaded "waste" valve piston) sometimes known as the "clack" valve and a "delivery" check Pumps are applied mainly for the purpose of (1) circulation valve, making it cheap to build, easy to maintain, and very of fluid (2) supplying the processes and (3) transferring the reliable. There is a drive pipe supplying water from an fluid. elevated source, and a delivery pipe, taking a portion of the III. HISTORY OF HYDRAULIC RAM PUMP water that comes through the drive pipe to an elevation The ram pump is a mature technology. Over the last two higher than the source. centuries, pump design have stabilized and many variations to the basic configuration (of drive pipe, pump, and pump II. TYPES OF PUMP house and delivery pipe) have been tired. Before invention of There are two types of modern pumps used in most petrol engines or the arrival of electricity on farms, the ram industry ;(a) velocity head and (b)positive displacement pump was in many locations the only feasible way of lifting pump. The following categorization of pumps could be water from streams or springs to neighboring hillsides. The applied. first hydraulic ram pump was discovered and applied by a British man John Whitehurst. In 1772, he produced the first A. Velocity Head set of hydraulic ram could not operate automatically. Its Centrifugal valve had to be shut off manually to create the force of water Axial flow (single or multistage) hammering for water lifting. The automatically hydram was Radial flow (single and double section) invented by a French man Joseph Montgolfies in 1976.Since Copyright @ 2014 SEMAR GROUPS TECHNICAL SOCIETY. All rights reserved. YU YU MAW, ZAW MOE HTET 1960s, there has been a growing Interest in the potential of VI. WATER HAMMER EFFECT hydrams for water pumping applications In the less develop Water hammer is a momentary increase in pressure inside countries. AS a result, there are now several different hydram a pipe caused by a sudden change of direction or velocity of designs available that can be built locally. the liquid in the pipe. Water hammer can be particularly dangerous because the increase in pressure can be severe IV. BACKGROUND OF HYDRAULIC RAM PUMP enough to rupture a pipe or cause damage to equipment. Fig (1) shows the schematics of assembly of hydraulic ram Water hammer most commonly occurs when a valve is pump. Main components of hydraulic ram pumps are closed quickly and suddenly stops the flow of liquid in a reliable, cheap and available in remote and urban areas. So, pipeline. When this happens, shockwave travel back and this type of pump is especially used in remote, hilly and the forth through the piping system equal to the speed of sound area where transportation is very poor. These components are in that liquid. These waves travel backward again until drive pipe, delivery pipe, air vessel, waste valve, intake tank, pressure is equalized. Other causes of water hammer are delivery tank So, this pump can be easily used in everywhere even if there is no electricity and other resources such 1. Rapid pump startup can induce the rapid collapse of a as.dieseal and other Although the size of the hydraulic ram void space that exists downstream. pumps are different, the main components of the pumps are 2. Rapid pump shutdown can create a quick change in the same. The length of the drive pipe especially depends on flow, which cause a pressure upsurge on the suction the supply head and its diameter. On the basic of analytical side and a pressure down surge on the discharge side. studies, for the pump to operate continuously and Of the two, the down surge is usually the main major automatically, the length of the drive pipe must be kept problem. The pressure on the discharge side reaches between four to twelve times of the drive head. In order to vapor pressure, resulting in vapor column separation. reduce the head loss due to friction the length of the drive 3. Check valve slum (due to sudden deceleration, a check pipe divided by the drive pipe diameter should be the range calve may slam shut rapidly) of 500 to 1000.And the diameter of the delivery pipe is half 4. Water-column separation can also result in serious of the drive pipe. As shown in fig 1 the hydraulic ram pump water hammer pressure values the separated column mainly consists of two moving parts called the impulse valve rejoins at high velocity. (the waste valve) and the delivery valve (check valve). 5. Movement of air pockets in a pipe, air is compressible and if carried along in a pipeline, can act like a spring, being compressed at low spots in a line and expanding at high spots in the line. Compression and expansion produce pressure variations which, if great enough, could produce serious water hammer pressure. VII. WORKING PRINCIPLE When the waste valve is opened, water flows from the source, through the water inlet (drive) pipe, and out the waste valve. After a short time, the velocity of the flow is high enough to force the waste valve closed. The water, due to its inertia, wants to continue moving past the valve. The Figure1. Assembly of Hydraulic Ram Pump. pressure inside the ram will rapidly increase enough to force the check valve open. This forces some water into the air V. SPECIFICATION DATA OF HYDRAULIC RAM chamber, compressing the chamber’s air bubble. The PUMP pressurized bubble forces that water through the delivery TABLE 1: Design Parameter Of Hydraulic Ram Pump pipe to the point of use. The compressed air in the air chamber helps smooth out the flow on the delivery side of the ram, so the flow tends to be more continuous, rather than a small spurt during each cycle of the ram. Soon after the check valve has opened, the pressure surge (generated by the waste valve closing) is spent. Flow will try to start backwards, but the check valve will close, preventing this from happening. At about this time, the pressure in the drive pipe will be low enough so that the waste valve can open, allowing water to start flowing from the source to the ram, beginning a new cycle. The cycle that the ram goes through can occur 30 to 120 times per minute, depending upon conditions such as head, flow, and the size of the ram. International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research Volume.03, IssueNo.10, May-2014, Pages: 2177-2181 Design of 15 meter Head Hydraulic Ram Pump VIII. GOVERNING EQUATIONS OF HYDRAULIC TABLE 4: Sizing The Delivery Pipe RAM Delivery Pipe Size Flow(Liters/minute) Head loss coefficient for the pipe line, 30 6-36 40 37-60 A1 2 fL hls ( ) Km K (1) 50 61-90 A2 D 80 91-234 Since a hydram makes use of sudden stoppage of flow in a 100 235-360 pipe to create a high pressure surge, the volumetric discharge from the drive pipe is given by X. PRESSURE AND VELOCITY ANALYSIS Q Vol A reliable simulated hydram model is needed to facilitate p s (2) Qs the development of an optimized hydram design and Vol p thereafter to be able to generate an efficient design of hydram Then, pumping flow rate can be get from the ratio of with good operating characteristics.