THE BERNARDS OF ABINGTON AND NETHER WINCHENDON VoL. III. VOLS. I. & II. 8vo. 2 IS. net. THE BERNARDS OF ABINGTON AND NETHER WINCHENDON: A FAMILY HISTORY. By MRS. NAPIER HIGGINS. LONGMAN$, GREEN, & CO., 39 Paternoster Row, London, New York and Bombay. HE BERNARDS OF T ABINGTON AND NETHER WINCHENDON A Family History BY MRS. NAPIER HIGGINS Vol. III. LONGMAN~ GREE~ AND CO 39 PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON NEW YORK AND BOMBAY All rights reserved CONTENTS OF THE THIRD VOLUME CHAPTER I SCROPE BERNARD'S OXFORD DAYS P-'GE Scrope Bernard wins the Christ Church Prizes-William Wyndham Grenville's admiration for Scrope Bernard-Scrape Bernard takes his Degree-Rev. Timothy Shaw, Vicar of Bierton-George Shaw-An Election Song-Letters from William Grenville to Scrope Bernard­ Scrope Bernard's English Prize Es.say-Verses by William Grenville­ Scrope Bernard's visit to the North-The Aylesbury Races-George Shaw's Career 1 CHAPTER II THE DISPERSED FAMILY The Competitors for the Christ Church Prizes-Letters from William Wyndham Grenville-Life at Wendover-Julia Smith nee Bernard­ Fanny Bernard and Julia's Wedded Happiness-A Remarkable Gar­ ment-The ' Courting Bower '-Rev. Richard King-Mrs. Edmunds­ Fanny Bernard's Engagement to Mr. King-Thomas Bernard-His Matrimonial Engagement with Margaret Adair--Their Marriage-Scrope Bernard's First Love-Fanny Bernard's Determination-Her MaiTiage. 20 CHAPTER III SCROPE BERNARD'S INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL LIFE Scrope Bernard's Interest in Politics-Hie Project of taking up a Tutorship -William Wyndham Grenville's offer of Assistance-Scrope Bernard accepts a. Tutorship-A Sudden Change in his Prospects-He gives up his Medical Studies and becomes Prive.ta Secreta.ry to Earl Temple in Ireland-His First Visit to Ireland-The Sta.ta of Pa.rties in Ireland­ The Coalition Ministry-Earl Temple Resigns the Viceroya.lty of Irela.nd-Letter from Lady Roche-The Irish Volunteers-The Earl of Hillsborough-Earl Temple's Viceroyalty · 38 Vl THE BERNARDS OF ABINGTON CHAPTER IV EXCURSIONS AND RETURN TO NETHER WINCHENDON PAGE Scrope Bernard's Roma.nee-Crazes of the Time-Mrs. Siddons-Scrope Bernard's Ple.ns-The Hon. George Fulke Lyttelton-Scrope Bernard's Visits to France-His Interest in Poor Law-Marriage of Amelia Berna.rd-Rumours of Scrope Bernard's Approaching Marriage-His anxiety to become Possessor of Nether. Winchendon-Mr. and Mrs. King-Life in a Country Parish-Scrope Bernard beeomes Lord of · Nether Winchendon Manor-He is Offered and Accepts the Secretary- ship to a Commission of Inquiry into Public Offices · . 57 CHAPTER V BRIDAL VISITS TO LINCOLN AND NETHER WINCHENDON The Morlands of Woolwich-Sir Samuel Morland-Scrope Bernard's Engagement-Samuel Gillam-The Marquess of Buckingham's Testi­ mony to Scrope Bernard's Character-Scrope's Marriage with Harriet Morland-They Visit Worcester and Lincoln-The 'Stuff and Colour Ball '-They Visit Nether Winchendon-The State of the Manor HouS6--'-Friendship with the Lees of Hartwell-Scrope Bernard's Last Appearance as a Public Speaker in Oxford-His Work as Secretary to the Commission-Birth of his Eldest Son William-The Nether Winchendon Estate-The Knollys Family-Portraits at Nether Win- chendon-Mrs. Beresford's Burial. 77 CHAPTER VI THE SECOND VICEROYALTY OF 1RELAND Scrope Bernard appointed Usher of the Black Rod and Private Secretary to the Marquess of Buckinghem~Death of his Son Thomae-His intention to. contest Aylesbury-His post of Private Secretary­ Debates in the House-William Grenville and the appointment of Master of the Bolls in Ireland-Lord Nugent-Scrope Bernard's de­ parture for England-The Trial of Warren Hastings-Disagreement between the Marquess of Buckingham and the King-The King's illness-Thomas Grenville-Birth of Margaret Bernard-The Opposi- tion to the Viceroy . 101 CHAPTER VII SCROPE BERNARD'S POLITICAL CAREER Recovery of the King-Scrope Bernard's Election as Member for Aylesbury -Friction between the Marquess of Buckinghe.m e.nd the King-The The.nkagiving for the King's Becovery-Scrope Berna.rd appointed Under-Secretary of Ste.te fot the Home Department-The Marquess of Buckingham resigns the Viceroyalty-Election Riots at Aylesbury- CONTENTS OF THE THIRD VOLUME vu PAGB Scrope Bernard's Degree of Doctor of Civil Law-British Slaves in Algeria.-The Family Name of the Duke of Wellington-Colonial Questions of the Day-Ministerial Changes • . 121 CHAPTER VIII INCIDENTS OF A STORMY TIME The French Revolution-News from Paris-Birth of Thomas Tyringham Bernard-The Manors of Great and Little Kimble-Trespasses of Villagers-Purchases of Land by Serope Bernard-Chequers-Emigra- tion from France-The Descoeiilles-War with France-Petitions for Peace-Death of the Second Viscount Barrington-Birth of Richard Scrape Bernard and Mary Ann Bernard-Sorope Bernard re-elected for Aylesbury-He becomes a Partner in Ransom and Morla.nd's Bank . 143 CHAPTER IX BIR JOHN BERNABD Sir John Bernard's Prospects-The First Massachusetts Act of Confisca­ tion-Proscriptions in New York-Poverty of Sir John Bernard-The American Loyalists-Ministerial Changes-Sir John .Bernard's Claims upon the Governmen~Sabine's unsympathetic Account of Sir John's Life-Contrast between his Situation.and that of Thomas and Scrape Bernard-Sir John's Return to England-The alleged Restoration to him of Mo1;1nt Desert Island-Efforts of the Family to dissuade him from Returning to America.-His Visit to France-He is appointed to an Office in Barbados-He receives tardy Compensation for Losses in America- His Life in Dominioa.-Bis Death . 160 CHAPTER X THE AMERICAN LOYALISTS Distressing Oases of Insanity-Richard King-The Fate of General Lyman and his Family-Fate of Colonel Robinson and his Family-Atrocities in the Northern Provinces-Sufferings of the Episcopal Clergy-The Retaliation exercised by Loyalists-The Share of John Adams in the Policy against the Loyalists-Treatment of the Exiles in England-Dr. Peter Oliver-Parson Peters-Captain Fenton-Peter Van Shaaok­ Aotion of the Commissioners .in England-Timothy Ruggles-Jonathan Sewall-Daniel Leonard-Samuel Quincy-John Adams, Ambassador of the United States-John Hancock-Samuel Adams. 179 CHAPTER XI THOMAS BERNARD, TREASURER OF THE FOUNDLING HOSPITAL Cordial Relations between Thomae and Scrope Bernard-Retiring Disposi­ tion of Thomas and Margaret Bame.rd-Their Circle of Friends-' The VOL, III. a, viii THE BERNARDS OF ABINGTON PAnm Clapham Sect '-Thomae Bernard Purchases a. House at Iver-Sarjeant Adair-Thomae Bernard Retires from Practice e.t the Bar-His Disposi- tion towards Phile.nthropio Efforts-Neglect of Officers charged with the ca.re of the Poor-Addison's Denunciation of the Prevalence of Infanticide-The Founding of the Foundling Hospite.1-lnfe.nt MorteJity in the Hospital-The Trade in Carrying Children-Indiscriminate Admission to the Hospital stopped-Suppression of the Branch Establishments-Jonas Hanway promotes an Inquiry into the Con­ dition of Children in the Workhouses-Tho)'.Ile.s Bernard's Connection with the Hospital-He Supports the Suggested Admission of Exposed e.nd Necessitous Children of Soldiers e.nd Sailors-He is elected Tree.surer-His Administration of the Hospital-The Mothers of the Foundlings . 204 CHAPTER XII THE SOCIETY FOB BETTERING THE CONDITION OF THE POOR Count Rumford's Grates-The Establishment of a. Rumford Ee.ting-house on the Foundling Estate-Thomas Bernard's Projects-The Genera.I Object of the Society for Bettering the Condition of the Poor-Thomas Bernard Requested to Arrange the Publication of Extracts from the Communications Received-The First General Committee of the Sooiety-The Reports of the Society-Thomas Bernard's Views as to the Wants of Agriculture.I Labourers-The Parish Windmill on Barham Downs-Thomas Berne.rd is InstrumenteJ in Forming a School for the Indigent Blind in London-Houses of Recovery for Fever Patients- Lord Winchelsea's Experiments with Small Holdings . 227 CHAPTER XIII THE SOCIETY'S WORK IN BUCKINGHAMSHffiE Thomas Bernard's House e.t Iver-Papers Contributed to the Society's Reports by Members of His Family-His Interest in the Working of the Poor Le.we-His First Contribution to the Society's Reports-His Decided Opinion in Favour of Boarding-out Workhouse Children-The Village Soup Shop at Iver-The Provision of Fuel for the Poor of Lower Winchendon-Resistance to the Introduction of Proper Chimneys into Cottages-The Society at Wendover for Encouraging Prudence e.nd Industry-The Progress of Vaccination for Small-pox-Mrs. Parker Bedding's Interest in the Poor in the Workhouse-Ber Work e.s e.n Overseer • . 246 CHAPTER XIV LONDON CHARITIES AND THE ROYAL INSTITUTION Institutions for the Blind-The Asylum for the Blind at Liverpool-The School for the Indigent Blind-Houses of Recovery for Fever Patients-Prevalence of Malignant Fever in London-Opening of a. CONTENTS OF THE THIRD VOLUME ix PAGE House of Recovery in Gray's Inn Lane-Erection of the Cancer Institution-Count Rumford's -Ce.rear-The Acquaintanceship between Thomas ~erne.rd e.nd Count Rumford-Their Plan for Founding the Roye.I Institution-The Committee appointed to consider the Ple.n- The Objects of the Institution-Its Constitution-Count Rumford's and Thomas Bernard's Scheme with regard to Bridewell-Thomas Bernard's Interest in the Casual Mendicant Poor_:_• Martin's Act ' . 264 CHAPTER XV PAROCHIAL WORK AND HOLIDAY EXCURSIONS Fanny King's Interest in the Children of her Parish-The Este.blisbment of Sunday Schools by Robert Raikes-Membership of the S. P. C. K.­ Mrs. Trimmer's Work-Mrs. King's Parochial Lending Libraries-Her Love of Nursing-Mr. King e. Candidate for the Wardenehip of New College-Mrs. King's Letters-A Visit to Alveston-Mre. King's Acquaintance with Hannah More-Hannah More and the People of Cheddar-Report of Thome.a and Margaret_ Berne.rd on the Mendip Schools-Attack of Mr.