Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84247-1 - The Conquests of Alexander the Great Waldemar Heckel Index More information iii Abdalonymus, King of Sidon, 66 Alexander historians, 6, 7, 11, 38, 47, 60, 82, Abisares, 113–16, 126, 128 121, 174 Abreas (Habreas), 187 Alexander I (Philhellene), 10, 14, 21, 22 Abulites, 81, 136, 180–81, 186–87 Alexander II, 15 Abydus, 41 Alexander III (the Great), Lost sources: 6–8; Acesines (Chenab), 187 extant sources: 8–10; son of Philip II and Achaemenid, 1, 3, 31–32, 35, 65, 85–87, 96, Olympias: 15; Chaeronea and events leading 99, 112–13, 122, 126–27, 136–37, 142 to his accession: 17–24; his army: 24–28, Achaemenid empire, 31 153–65; his campaigns in Europe: 28–30; Achaemenid scholars, 32 beginning of his campaign: 41–44; battle of Achilles, vii, 8, 28, 42, 149, 173, 177 the Granicus River: 45–51; first indications Ada, Queen of Halicarnasus, 51–52 of orientalizing policies: 51–53; learns of the Ada the Younger, 52 plot of Alexander Lyncestes: 51–54; undoes Adams, Simon, viii the Gordian knot: 54–55; defeats Darius III Admetus, 175 at Issus: 57–65; besieges Tyre and Gaza: Adrestae, 127 65–71; affairs in Egypt: 71–73; negotiations Aegae (Vergina), 24 with Darius: 73–74; defeats Darius at Aegean, 1, 2, 13, 34, 35, 45, 56, 57, 65, 67 Gaugamela: 75–80; captures the capitals of Aegospotami, 35 the Persian empire: 80–84; his reaction to Aelian, 148 the death of Darius’ wife: 84–85; pursuit of Aeolia, 51 Bessus: 87–88, 92–95; conspiracy of Philotas: Aeropus,¨ 24 88–92; campaigns in Bactria and Sogdiana: Aetolia, 147 96–100; kills Cleitus at Maracanda: Afghanistan, 183 100–04; marries Rhoxane, daughter of Agamemnon, 42 Oxyartes: 104–05; attempts to introduce Agathocles, 52 proskynesis: 106–09; conspiracy of Agathon, 78, 135 Hermolaus and execution of Callisthenes: agema, 25, 128 109–11; conquest of the Punjab: 112–25; Agesilaus, 32, 35, 37–38, 40, 42, 177 defeats Porus at the Hydaspes: 115–20; his Aggalasseis, 127 troops refuse to cross the Hyphasis: 120–25; Agis III, 69, 83 descent of the Indus: 126–31; near-fatal Agis’ war, 147 wounding at the town of the Mallians: Agrianes, 26–28, 61, 120, 128, 158, 160, 128–29; the Gedrosian march: 131–33; 163 punishment of the satraps (no “Reign of Ajax, 42 Terror”): 133–37; mass-marriages in Susa: Alcetas, 116, 160, 163 137–39; introduction of orientals into the Alcibiades, 35 army and mutiny at Opis: 139–41; Alcimachus, 22, 51 demobilization of veterans: 142–44; learns Alderfeld, M. Gustavus, 187 of Harpalus’ crimes and flight: 144–46; 205 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84247-1 - The Conquests of Alexander the Great Waldemar Heckel Index More information 206 index Alexander III (cont.) Andromache, 176 issues Exiles’ Decree: 146–47; Alexander’s Andromachus, 78, 98, 102 “divinity”: 147–48; death of his best friend, Andromenes, sons of, 90 Hephaestion: 149; Alexander’s death: Anticles, son of Theocritus, 185 150–52 Antigenes, 160, 174 Alexander I of Epirus, 23, 175 Antigonus the One-Eyed, 55, 151, 174, 181, Alexander Mosaic, 173 190 Alexander Romance, 71 Antiochus, 24, 57, 70, 72, 73 Alexander Sarcophagus, 174, 181 Antipater, son of Iolaus, 22, 24–25, 29, 53–54, Alexander the Lyncestian, 24, 53–54 (his 88, 136, 138, 140, 145–47, 151, 189 arrest), 73, 88, 91, 102, 145 Antipater, father of Leonnatus, 184 Alexandria-Eschate (mod. Khojend), 97–98 Antipater, son of Asclepiodorus, 185 Alexandria-in-Areia, 88, 182 antitagma, 140 Alexandria-in-Arachosia, 92, 130 Antony (Marcus Antonius), 104, 131 Alexandria-in-Egypt, 7, 9, 72, 190 Aornus, 94, 114, 185 Alexandria-in-the-Caucasus, 113 Apame, daughter of Artaxerxes II, 56 Alexandrou Praxeis, 7 Aphrices, 114 Alfred the Great, 188 Aphobetus, 182 Allawi, 181 Apis, 39 Alor, 130 Apollo, 16, 96 Alorus, 15 Apollonides, 178 Amanus, 58 Apollophanes, 136 Amasis, 177, 180 apotropaic sacrifice, 42 Amastris, 138, 188 Apries (Hophra), 180 Amazon queen, 149, 190 Aqaba, 132, 187 Amazons, 124 Arachosia, 75, 162 Amminapes, 178 Arachosians, 113, 140 Amphictyonic League, 17 Aral, 92 Amphoterus, brother of Craterus, 53, 67 Araxes, 82 Amun, 21, 72, 73, 91, 108, 143, 148 Arbela, 75, 80, 180 Amyntas I, 14 Arcadia, 38, 181 Amyntas III, 22, 14–15 Archelaus I, 14, 174 Amyntas IV, 24, 53, 73, 90 Archepolis, 182 Amyntas, member of Dimnus conspiracy, archers, 27, 36, 46, 81, 120, 128, 140 182 archihypaspistes, 26 Amyntas, member of Macedonian garrison archon, 28 at Thebes, 29 archonship, 16 Amyntas, son of Antiochus, 57, 70, 72–73 Areia, 88, 92 Amyntas, son of Arrhabaeus, 39, 46, 51, 54 Areians, 140 Amyntas, son of Nicolaus, 104, 184 Aretes, 78 Anabasis (of Xenophon), 10, 31, 52 Argaeus, 15 Anabasis Alexandrou, 20 Argeadae, 14 Anaxarchus, 110, 148 Argos, 173 Anaxippus, 88 Argyraspides, 140, 175, 189 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84247-1 - The Conquests of Alexander the Great Waldemar Heckel Index More information index 207 Ariamazes, 100, 104–05, 120 Atheas, 66, 179 Ariaspians, 92 Athena, 42, 124, 129, 187 Ariobarzanes, former satrap of Hellespontine Athenaeus of Naucratis, 20 Phrygia, 43 Athenian Empire, 3, 36, 55 Ariobarzanes, satrap of Persis, 81–82 Athenians, 2, 9, 17, 28, 35–37, 51, 145, 176 Ariobarzanes, 182 Athens, 10, 14, 17, 22, 35, 37, 144–45, 147 aristeia, 50, 94 Atizyes, 53 Aristobulus, 8, 10, 11, 55, 180, 185, 190 Atropates, 136, 148 Aristomedes, 57 Attalus, son of Andromenes, 116, 119, Ariston, 182 160–62, 186 Aristotle, 6, 146 Attalus, uncle of Cleopatra, enemy of Armenia, 31, 51 Alexander III, 16, 20–24, 39, 56, 73, 158 Arrhabaeus, 24, 39, 46, 51, 53–54, 57, 73 Attica, 17 Arrhidaeus (Philip III), 15, 52, 180 Attinas, 99 Arrian, 8, 10–11 Audata, 15 Arsames, 50 Aulis, 42, 177 Arses ( = Artaxerxes IV), 38–39, 182 Autariatae, 28 Arsites, 45, 50 autonomous Thracians, 28 Artabazus, 45, 56, 57, 92, 100–01, 104, 178, 181 Axius, 13 Artacoana, 88, 182 Azemilcus, king of Tyre, 66, 68 Artasata (see Darius III), 38 Artaxerxes I, 176 Babylon, 31, 75, 81, 83, 136, 142, 144–45, 149, Artaxerxes II, 31, 34–35, 38, 45, 56, 182 151, 180, 189 Artaxerxes III Ochus, 34, 38, 45, 65, 71, 137, Babylonia, 55, 139 179 Bacchae, 14 Artaxerxes IV ( = Arses), 38–39, 182 Bactra (Zariaspa), 94, 99, 102, 109, 183 Artaxerxes V ( = Bessus), 87 Bactria, 75, 87, 92, 95, 99–101, 112, 140, 187 Artemis, temple of (Ephesus), 43 Bactrians, 78, 94, 96, 113, 140, 160, 182–83 Asander, 183 Badian, Ernst, 90 Ascalon (Ashkelon), 179 Bagoas, 38–39, 98, 137 Asclepiodorus, satrap of Syria, 183, 185 Bagoas the Elder, 38 Ashdod, 179 Bagodaras (Gobares), 183 Asia, 2, 3, 23–24, 36, 39, 40, 42–43, 45, 51–54, Bahc¸e Pass, 58 56–57, 66, 74, 81, 84–88, 92, 94, 98, 100, Bajaur, 113 104, 128, 136, 140, 146, 150, 189 Balacrus, son of Nicanor, 145, 189 Asia Minor, 2, 3, 24, 39–40, 43, 45, 53–54, Bamian, 182 56–57, 66, 74, 98 Bardiya, 182 Aspasians, 113–14 Bardylis, 15 Assacenians, 113–14, 185 Barsaentes, 113, 182 Assacenus, 114 Barsine (daughter of Artabazus, mistress of Assyrians, 178 Alexander), 45, 56, 65, see also 85 Astaspes, 136 Batis, 69, 120 Astis, 115 Bazira (Bir-Kot), 114 Atarrhias, 175 Beas (see also Hyphasis), 121, 126, 186 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84247-1 - The Conquests of Alexander the Great Waldemar Heckel Index More information 208 index Begram, 92 Caranus, alleged son of Philip II, 175 Behistun inscription of Darius I, 190 Caria, 39, 51 Belisarius, 177 Carmania, 132, 134 Bessus, 75, 78, 87–88, 92, 94–95, 97, 99, 101, Carney, Elizabeth, 89 105, 113, 182–83 Carthaginians, 67 Bianor, 57, 178 Caspian, 92, 150 Bion, 180 Cassander, 145, 188–89 Black Sea, 16–17, 31 Castabulum, 58 Bodyguard, 51, 90 Catanes, 95 Boeotia, 17, 29 Cathaeans, 126 Boeotian League, 173 Caucasus, 92, 113 Bolan Pass, 132 cavalry, 17, 25–27, 40, 46–48, 58, 60–61, 75, Bol´ıvar, 132 78, 80, 97, 101–02, 116, 119–20, 128, 140, Bosworth, A. B., 58, 123 144, 158–63, 177 Brahmins, 130 Cebalinus, 89, 90 Branchidae, 95–96, 104, 183 Celaenae, 55 Briant, Pierre, 85 Cephisus River, 17, 19 British Empire, 4 Chababash, 39, 72 Bronze Age, 179 Chaeronea, 2, 9, 17, 20, 22, 25, 29, 39, 41, Brosius, Maria, 139 147, 150, 181 Brown, R. Allen, 136 Chandragupta (Sandrocottus), 126 Bubaces, 14 Chares, 7, 57, 109, 111, 173, 185 Bucephala, 121–22, 127 Chares, Athenian, 178 Bucephalas, vii Charicles, 111, 185 Bull Run (Manasses), 179 Charidemus, 57, 159 Bumelus, 75 Charikar, 92 Buner, 113–14 Charlemagne, 110 Bupares, 180 Charles V, 135 Charles XII of Sweden, 121, 133, 187 Cadmeia, 29 Charsadda, 115 Cadusian(s), 177 Chenab River, 187 Caesar, 188 Chiliarch, 38, 140 Calas, 43, 45, 54, 90 chiliarchies, 26 Calis, 90, 182 Chitral, 114 Callicratidas, 37 Choerilus, 8 Callisthenes of Olynthus (historian), 6–7, Chorienes (see also Sisimithres), 105, 183–84 43, 49–50, 52, 60, 80, 82, 96, 109–11, 130, Christie, Agatha, 182 134, 177–78, 180, 183, 185 CIA, 3 Cambyses, 71–72, 179–80, 182 Cicero, M. Tullius (orator), 7 Cannae, 27 Cicero, Q. Tullius, 8 Cappadocia, 55 Cilicia, 57–58, 66, 81, 145 Cappadocians, 178 Cilician Gates, 55 Caracalla, 148 Cleander, son of Polemocrates, 53, 91, 135, Caranus, 78, 92, 98, 102 182 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84247-1 - The Conquests of Alexander the Great Waldemar Heckel Index More information index 209 Cleitarchus, 7–9, 82–83, 109, 130, 174, 181, Crimean War, 179 183, 187 Critobulus, 129 Cleitus (“the Black”), 50, 100–05, 107, 110, Crocus Field, 16 130, 173, 185 Croesus, 2, 173 Cleitus (“the White”), 160,