DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF CERTAIN BOTTCM-LIVING INVERTEBRATES OF THE ii'/ESTERN BaSIN OF IAKE ERIE DISSERTATION Presented in partial fulfillm ent of the requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State U n iv e r s ity by Kenneth George Wood, B.A., M.A. The Ohio State University 1953 «4 * ** Approved by* » i * ♦ , t • • < ■ i « A d v is e r i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 1 ACKNOiYlE DC M EN TS....................................................................................................... 2 METHODS ............... 2 S a m p l i n g............................................................................................................ 2 Analysis of sediments ............................................................................... 9 Organic matter content ................................................................ 9 Particle size com position...................................................... 10 Moisture content ....... ............................................. 11 S tatistical representation ...................................................... 11 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE L a KE ....................................................... lU MorphoroetQr .................................. 1U G e o l o g y.................................................................................................................. 15 D r a i n a g e ............................................................................................................ 16 T u r b i d i t y ............................................................................................................. 19 Temperature....................................................................................................... 19 Chemical fa c to rs ......................................................................................... 20 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SEDIMENTS................................................................ 20 Organic m a tte r .............................................................................................. 20 Distribution in the lak e ........................................................... 20 Relation to currents ..................................................................... 22 Relation to p o llu tio n ................................................................ 23 Comparison with other la k e s .................................................. 23 Particle size composition..................................................................... 25 MMAlMf MW* Distribution in the lak e ........................................................... 25 A 0 3 8 5 3 i i Page Relation to currents ..................................................................... 26 THE BOTTOM—LIVING g r ^ T E B R A T E S ................................................................ 33 Distribution of the total w eig h t ................................................. 33 Total weight in relation to that of other lakes ...» 39 Distribution of the fauna in relation to bottom sediments 39 HOLLUSCA. ........................................................................................................................... b$ FEIiiCYPOIA .............................................. ^ ............................................................... kS Nomenclature .................................................................................................. U5 U nio n ! d a e ............................................................................................................ U6 Previous Lake Erie records ...................................................... I46 Collections at Put-in-B ay....................................................... k l General distribution ..................................................................... 50 Distribution in relation to depth of water and to shore 52 Distribution in relation to bottom sediments . 5U U n i o n i n a e .............................................................................................. 56 Quadrula quadrula ................................................................ 56 Quadrula pustulosa............................................................ 56 Amblema co atata ........................ 56 Pleurobema cor datum coccineum ................................... 53 Fusconaia flava ..................................................................... 53 B lliptio dilatatus ............................................................ 60 Anodontinae ......................................................................................... 61 Strophitus rugosus........................................................... 61 Anodonta grandls ................................................................. 61 Lasmigona co stata ................................................................. 62 i i i Page Lamps!11nae ....... 62 Obliquaria reflexa ........................................................... 62 Proptera alata ..................................................................... 63 Obovarla subrotunda ........................................................... 63 Carunculina parva................................................................ 61* Leptodea fragills ................................................................ 61* Llgumla re c ta .......................................................................... 66 Ligumla nasuta ..................................................................... 66 Mlcromya fa b a lis ................................................................ 68 lamps ills siliquoidea . • • ........................................ 70 Lamps ills v en trico sa ........................................................ 71 Truncilla truncate * ...... 72 Trune ilia donacif o m iis .................................................. 72 Dysnomia triquetra ................... 73 Sphaeriidae ......... ....... 73 Sphaerium striatin u m ..................................................... 76 Sphaerium corneum................................................................. 76 Sphaerium (Musculium) transversum......................... 79 P is id iu m .................. 81 G&STROFODfL...................................................................................................................... 81 General distribution .................................................................... 81 Distribution in relation to bottom sediments . 81* Ctenobranchiata .............................................................................................. 81* V a l v a t i d a e ............................................................................................ 81* Valvata tricarinata .................................................. 31* XV Page V. sine e r a .......................................................................... 85 V. l e w i s i i .............................................................................. 35 V. bicarinata ....................................... .................................. 85 V iviparidae ........................................................................................ 38 Campeloma decisum................................................................ 88 Am nicolidae .................................. ..................................................... 88 Amnicola lustrica ................................................................ 88 A . I n t e g r a ............................................................................... 88a A • limosa ..................................................... 33a A. binneyana .......................................................................... 90 Soma to gyrus subglobosus ................................................ 90 Bull miis t e ntaculatus ........................................ 92 P le u r o c e r id a e .................................................................... 96 Pleurocera acutum ............................................................... 96 Goniobasis livescens • 97 P u lx n o n a ta .......................................................... 97 Planorbidae ....................................................................................... 97 Helisotna triv o lv is ........................................................... 97 H. anceps percarinatum................................................. 98 P h y s i d a e..................................................... 98 F hysa s p....................................................................................... 98 ANNELIDA............................................................................................................................ 100 CHAETOFOEfci OLIGOCHAETA.................................................................................... 100 HIRUDINEA ...................................................................................................................... 102 G lossiphoniidae............................................................................... 102 V Page Helobdella stagnalis * 102 H* nepheloidea .................................................................. 10U Glossiphonia complanata . 10U Placobdella m ontifera .................................................... 106 Erpobdellidae ................................................................................ 108 Srpobdella punctata