SANREM CRSP 2007 Annual Report Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resource Management Collaborative Research Support Program About the photographs Front cover Corn is a key crop in the high-altitude Chillanes region of Ecuador near Santa María, Peru. Photo by Associate Program Director Keith M. Moore. Lemurs threatened by illegal forest clearing in Madagascar find refuge at a wildlife preserve. Photo by Program Director Theo Dillaha. A Peruvian farmer in Santa María gathers potatoes that have been baked in an earth oven. Photo by Keith Moore. Back cover Daughters in a Bolivian farm family relax and share a smile after the harvest. Photo by Gender Equity Specialist Maria Elisa Christie. SANREM CRSP Annual Report 2007 Oct. 1, 2006 – Sept. 30, 2007 Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resource Management Collaborative Research Support Program Report Coordinators Theo A. Dillaha, Program Director Keith M. Moore, Associate Program Director This publication was made possible through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the generous support of the American People under terms of USAID Cooperative Agreement EPP-A-00-04-00013-00. ## ii SANREM CRSP Annual Report 2007 SANREM CRSP Management Entity Theo Dillaha, Program Director Keith M. Moore, Associate Program Director Maria Elisa Christie, Gender Equity Coordinator S.K. De Datta, Administrative Principal Investigator, Associate Provost, Director OIRED Michael Bertelsen, Economic Impact Assessment Coordinator, Associate Director OIRED Deanne Estrada, Communications Coordinator Peggy Lawson, Program Coordination Assistant SANREM CRSP Board of Directors Robert Bates, Washington State University Jess Lowenberg-Deboer, Purdue University Thomas Payne, University of Missouri Alice Pell, Cornell University Sharron Quisenberry, Virginia Tech Mark Rosegrant, International Food Policy Research Institute Alton Thompson, North Carolina A & T State University Chris Kosnik, USAID S.K. De Datta, Virginia Tech Theo Dillaha, Virginia Tech SANREM CRSP Technical Committee Jeffrey Alwang, Virginia Tech Devona Bell, Winrock International Maria Elisa Christie, Virginia Tech Elizabeth Jiménez, Universidad de la Cordillera Andrew Manu, Iowa State Saied Mostaghimi, Virginia Tech Paul Mueller, North Carolina State University Elinor Ostrom, Indiana University Chris Pannkuk, Washington State Manuel Reyes, North Carolina A&T University Gerald Shively, Purdue University Alex Travis, Cornell University Corinne Valdivia, University of Missouri Mike Bertelsen, Virginia Tech S.K. De Datta, Virginia Tech Theo Dillaha, Virginia Tech Deanne Estrada, Virginia Tech Keith M. Moore, Virginia Tech Chris Kosnik, USAID SANREM CRSP Annual Report 2007 iii ## iv SANREM CRSP Annual Report 2007 In Memoriam The 2007 SANREM CRSP Annual Report is dedicated to Julia Kathleen Pryde. A land and water resources engineering graduate student at Virginia Tech, she was among those who died in the campus shootings on April 16. As a researcher for SANREM CRSP’s Long-term Research Award Activity 3, Julia traveled to Ecuador and Peru in 2006 to begin work on water quality modeling to estimate erosion from footpaths and unpaved roads in agricultural watersheds in the high Andes. Julia Pryde Mary Leigh Wolfe, co-Principal Investigator for the SANREM long-term program, worked with Julia on her research and was her adviser for undergraduate and master’s studies in biological systems engineering at Virginia Tech. Julia showed maturity and wisdom beyond her years, Wolfe said. She stood out at her age because she already had a life plan and was taking steps to achieve it. She felt strongly about making things right for people and the environment. SANREM CRSP Annual Report 2007 v vi SANREM CRSP Annual Report 2007 Contents Executive Summary........................................................................................................................ 1 Program Objectives..................................................................................................................... 1 Program Outputs ......................................................................................................................... 1 Long-term Research Award Activities ....................................................................................... 2 Cross-cutting Activities ............................................................................................................ 12 Management Entity Activities .................................................................................................. 13 Training and Institutional Development ................................................................................... 13 Long-term Research Award Activities ......................................................................................... 15 LTRA-1: Decentralization Reforms and Property Rights: Potentials and Puzzles for Forest Sustainability and Livelihoods.................................................................................................. 15 Executive Summary.............................................................................................................. 15 Research Strategy and Development Objectives .................................................................. 17 Research Progress ................................................................................................................. 25 Degree and Non-degree Training Activities......................................................................... 36 Publications, Presentations, Other Products ......................................................................... 36 Networking Activities........................................................................................................... 36 Project Highlights ................................................................................................................. 37 LTRA-2: Developing a Participatory Socioeconomic Model for Food Security, Improved Rural Livelihoods, Watershed Management, and Biodiversity Conservation in Southern Africa......................................................................................................................... 39 Executive Summary.............................................................................................................. 39 Research Strategy and Development Objectives .................................................................. 41 Research Progress ................................................................................................................. 51 Degree and Non-degree Training Activities......................................................................... 62 Publications, Presentations, Other Products ......................................................................... 62 Networking Activities........................................................................................................... 62 Project Highlights ................................................................................................................. 63 LTRA-3: Watershed-based Natural Resource Management in Small-scale Agriculture: Sloped Areas of the Andean Region......................................................................................... 66 Executive Summary.............................................................................................................. 66 Research Strategy and Development Objectives .................................................................. 69 Research Progress ................................................................................................................. 75 Degree and Non-degree Training Activities......................................................................... 90 Publications, Presentations, Other Products ......................................................................... 90 Networking Activities........................................................................................................... 90 Project Highlights ................................................................................................................. 91 LTRA-4: Adapting to Change in the Andes: Practices and Strategies to Address Climate and Market Risks in Vulnerable Agro-ecosystems................................................................... 93 Executive Summary.............................................................................................................. 93 Research Strategy and Development Objectives .................................................................. 94 Research Progress ............................................................................................................... 104 Degree and Non-degree Training Activities....................................................................... 141 Publications, Presentations, Other Products ....................................................................... 143 SANREM CRSP Annual Report 2007 vii Networking Activities......................................................................................................... 143 Project Highlights ............................................................................................................... 144 LTRA-5: Agro-forestry and Sustainable Vegetable Production in Southeast Asian Watersheds.................................................................................................................... 147 Executive Summary...........................................................................................................