t e engine• r • WINTER 1973 VOLUME 2 NUMBER4 2 Pipeline/News Item s 4 Stop-16/ L eiters to the EditOl' 5 Engineer In terview/ CP T George W . Gipe 8 Foul' Other Faces of Camoufuuie/ LT John S. H O?·n er 12 Tou gh Row to Plow/ En gin eer Staff 15 Color Me Camoufuuie/ L 'I'C E . N . J on es 16 The H elph d W ido w/Engineer Staff 18 The Role of the Erutimeer in Combat Security/ Engin ee?' Staff 21 Camoufuuie, Carnoufuuie, Wherefore A rt. Thou, Ca/moufuuie?/ CPT Georae VV . Gipe 25 The In stan t Obstacle/Robert B. Bockiiruj 28 Dinuumic Trainin g/ En gin eer Staff 30 The Engineers R ole in Defensive Operaticms/ MAJ L eToy A . Sch/m ult 34 Caesar's Etunneere/Ci'T James M. Sm ith 36 BTidgin g The Gap /Career Notes DEPARTMENTS: Chief's Briei e/Pipelin e/ Stop-I s Dynamic Tl·aining/ BTidging The Gap U.S. Army Eng ineer Schoo l Fort Be lvo ir, Virg inia Commandant MG Robert R. Ploger Assistant Commandant CHIEF'S BRIEFS ..... BG Richa rd l. Ha rris Deputy A ssista nt Colonel Jonathan Williams, the U.S. Army's sixth Chief E ngineer, Comma nda nt and the first Superintend ent of the U.S. Military Academy at West COLCharles A. Mcleod Point, was born at Boston , Massachusetts on May 20, 1750. He was Secreta ry a grand-nephew of Benjam in Franklin, and acted as his private secretary LTC Robert l. Crosby in Lond on and Paris fro m J770 to 1783 . Williams graduate d fro m Harvard University in 1787, and served Editor as secretary of the Am erican Philosoph ical Society in 1788. He is also Robe rt G. McClintic n edited with founding the U.S. Military Ph ilosoph ical Society which Executive Editor , established under the motto : "Science in War is the Guarantee CPT Dennis F. Pierman Contributing Ed itor By 1801 he had been appointed a major in the Corps of Artillerists lLT John S. Horner and En gineers, and Inspector of Fortifications. When that organizati on was discontinued, President Thomas Jefferson appointed him Principal A rt Director Engineer in th e new Co rps of Engineers. The same act also constituted John W. Savage, Jr . a Military Academy at West Point, New Yor k, and Major Williams The Engineer is an authorized quarterly publi ... was concurrently designated as the Superint end ent of that establishment. cation of the U.S... Army Eng ineer School. It is He assumed duti es as Chief Engineer on April 13, 1802. published to provide factual and in-depth infor­ mation of interest '0 all Engineer un its . Arti cles, With only four officers acting as teachers and a cadet corps of but photographs and art work of general interest may be submitted fo r c.onsideration to : Editor. three, assignments to build fort ifications along the coas t interfered with The engineer, USA Engineer School, Fort Belvoir, Virginia 22060. Views and op inions. expresse d any real program of academics. Th e majority of the commissioned herein are not necessarily 't hose of th e Department of the Army . Use- of funds for p rinting of this officer instructors were soon replaced by teachers and profes sors publication has been approv-ed by Headquarte rs, De pa rt me nt 01 the A,my. July 11, 1969. appointed to instruct in special subjects. Subscriptions to THE ENGINEER m.,gazine are available through the Superintendent of Docu­ As Chi ef Engin eer of the newly creat ed Corp s of En gineers, Williams ments, U. S. Government Printing Office, Wash.. ington, D.C. 2040 2. Annual ra te s are 2.50 for completed the first casemated battcry in the United States-Castle mailing to a domestic or APO address and $3.25 for moi ling to 0 foreign address. Ind iv idual Williams on Governors Island in New York. When the War of 1812 copies of th.e ma g azine are $1.00 eeeh. Check s sho uld be ma de pa y ab le 10 the Superint end e nt broke out he applied for command in the line in accordance with the of Docu rnants. 63d Articl e of War , which requi red the Pr esiden t's approval for engineer officers to command troops of the line. Th e President approved his ABOUT THE COVER requ est, and in July of that year Colonel Williams returned to the Art Director John W. Savage, fortification which had been constru cted under his direction earlier, Jr., envisions the type of camou­ with ord ers to take command. flage the Army of the future will be Colonel Williams resigned from the Ar my in 1812, and subsequently, using in desert operations with this 1814, was elected to Congress. di o rama. The authenticity of the Ie died in Philadelphia, Penn sylvan ia, May 15, 1815 at the age of sce ne is complete down to the , just four days short of his birthday. e colors used in the pattern painting, th e minia ture Sullivan nets, and a dd itiona l scale equipment. ACADEMIC CHAIRS honors the officer who served the neers, both military and civilian, CREATED TO HONOR Army for 30 years, and was called were educated through Mahan's GREAT ENGINEERS from retirement in 1941 to become texts and his department. Commanding General of the U.S. Th e U .S. Army Engineer School First to occupy the Dennis H. Forces Far East, and later Supreme at Fort Belvoir, Virginia, has estab­ Mahan Chair is Dr. Robert E. Allied Commander-in-Chief, Allied lished three academic chairs to Uhrig, th e Dean of the College of Forces in Japan. He then went on honor men who made history in Engineering at the University of to serve as Supreme Commander of military engine ering. Florida. He is a former Associate the U.N . Forces in Korea. The gen­ The school has honored three Professor of Engineering Mechanics eral graduated from the Engineer men who are pre sently making great and Nuclear Engineering at Iowa School of Application (which no contributions to military engineer­ State University, Ames, Iowa, longer exists) in 1908. 1948 to 1960. Also Dr. Uhrig frI. ing by appointing them to occupy the academic chairs for a two-year First to be named to occupy the became Chairman of the NucI term. Douglas MacArthur Chair of Mili­ Engineering Department at the Uni­ All three academic chairs were tary Science is General Bruce C. versity of Florida, and was the created to honor historically famou s Clarke, U.S. Army (Retired) . A Deputy Assistant Director of Re­ engineer offi cers who made con­ 1925 U.S. Military Academy gradu­ search, Department of Defense from tributions to the Corps of Engineers, ate, the general served in Europe 1967 to 1968. the Arm y, and the nation. They arc during World War II as Chief of The George W. Goethals Chair individuals who are now deceased Staff and Combat Command Com­ is named after the major general and whose accomplishments have mander for the 4th and 7th Arm ored who achieved one of the greatest withstood the test of time. Divisions. He later was Commander­ engineering feats in history-con­ The chairs will be occupied by in-Chief, U.S. Army, Europe, and struction of the Panama Canal. Dur­ living persons who have distin­ Commander of the Central Army ing this undertaking, he was Chair­ guished thems elves in engineering Group until his retirement in 1960. man and Chief Engineer of the in connection with the military. Troops caned him the "training" Isthmian Canal Commission from These people, who will ocupy the general of the Army. 1907 to 1914. The general was chairs for a period of two years The Dennis Mahan Chair honors Governor of the Panama Canal the each, will be distinguished individ­ a man who gave the greatest impetus following two years . uals from the military , academic to the Civil Engineering program Brigadier General Herbert D. institutions, and private industry. at West Point. A West Point gradu­ Vogel, U.S. Army (Retired ) is the The thre e chairs are-Douglas ate, Mahan became Professor of first person to occupy the George MacArthur Chair of Military Sci­ Engineering ther e in 1832 and held W. Goethals Chair. A 1924 gradu­ ence, Dennis Hart Mahan Chair of that post until his death 39 years ate of the USMA, General Vogel Military Education and Training, later. He is generally credited with founded and directed the U.S. and the George W. Goethal s Chair putting USMA's Civil Engineering Army Engineer Waterways Expe_' of Military Construction. course on its feet as during that ment Station from 1929 to 19 I The Douglas MacArthur Chair period, the majority of U .S. engi­ He has served as District Engine 2 Pittsbu rgh ; Li eut enant Governor , Engineer units that are interested Look at the record: During its Panam a Cana l Zone; and Vice sho uld send their requirem ents to: tenure ther e, the command . Presid ent of the Panama Canal U.S. Army Co mba t Arms Training co nstructed 1,456 kilometers of Company. He also was Division Board, Attn : ATOPS-TNG-BD-B, highway; clear ed more than 800,000 E ngineer , Dallas, Texas; Chairman Fort Benning, Georgia 31 905. acres of jungle ; produced 27 milli on of the Tennessee Valley Autho rity ton s of aggregate and 2.