Complete Table of Contents VOLUME I 1900 Boxer Rebellion Fails to Remove Foreign Control in China, The ...........................................................1 1902 Philippines Ends Its Uprising Against the United States, The ... .............................................................4 1903 Reformers Expose Atrocities Against Congolese Laborers .....................................................................7 1903 Pankhurst Founds the Women’s Social and Political Union, The ..........................................................11 1903 Panama Declares Independence from Colombia �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������15 1904 International Agreement Attacks the White Slave Trade .......................................................................18 1905 Supreme Court Disallows a Maximum Hours Law for Bakers .............................................................21 1905 Black Leaders Call for Equal Rights at the Niagara Falls Conference ..................................................24 1906 Upton Sinclair Publishes The Jungle .....................................................................................................28 1906-1907 Iranian Constitution Bars Non-Muslims from Cabinet Positions, The ..................................................32 1906 British Labour Party is Formed, The ......................................................................................................35 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act and Meat Inspection Act Become Law, The ��������������������������������������������������38 1906 Finland Grants Woman Suffrage ............................................................................................................42 1906 Bern Conference Prohibits Night Work for Women, The ......................................................................45 1906 Japan Protests Segregation of Japanese in California Schools ... ..........................................................49 1906 Muslim League Attempts to Protect Minority Interests in India, The ...................................................52 1907 Legal Norms of Behavior in Warfare Formulated by the Hague Conference ����������������������������������������55 1908 Young Turk Movement Stages a Constitutional Coup in Turkey, The ..................................................59 1908 Belgian Government Annexes the Congo, The ......................................................................................62 1911 Students Challenge Corporal Punishment in British Schools ................................................................66 1911 Sun Yat-sen Overthrows the Ch’ing Dynasty ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������70 1911 Intellectuals Form the Society of American Indians ..............................................................................73 1912 Massachusetts Adopts the First Minimum-Wage Law in the United States ..........................................76 1912 Children’s Bureau is Founded, The ........................................................................................................79 1912 U.S. Marines Are Sent to Nicaragua to Quell Unrest ............................................................................83 1914 Ford Offers a Five-Dollar, Eight-Hour Workday ...................................................................................87 1915-1920’s Armenians Suffer Genocide During World War I ..................................................................................91 1915 Defense of India Act Impedes the Freedom Struggle, The ....................................................................94 1915 Germany First Uses Lethal Chemical Weapons on the Western Front .....................................................98 1915 Women’s Institutes Are Founded in Great Britain ...............................................................................102 1916 Brandeis Becomes the First Jewish Member of the Supreme Court ....................................................105 1916 Easter Rebellion Fails to Win Irish Independence, The .......................................................................108 1916 Sanger Opens the First Birth-Control Clinic in the United States .......................................................112 1916 Rankin Becomes the First Woman Elected to Congress ......................................................................115 1917 Mexican Constitution Establishes an Advanced Labor Code, The ......................................................119 1917-1918 Bolsheviks Deny All Rights to the Russian Orthodox Church ............................................................123 1917-1920 Baltic States Fight for Independence, The �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������126 1917-1920 Finland Gains Independence from the Soviet Union ...........................................................................128 1917-1924 Lenin and the Communists Impose the “Red Terror” ..........................................................................132 1917 Lenin Leads the Russian Revolution....................................................................................................136 1917 Congress Prohibits Immigration of Illiterates over Age Sixteen .........................................................140 IX Complete Table of Contents Human Rights 1917 Balfour Declaration Supports a Jewish Homeland in Palestine, The ...................................................142 1918-1919 Germans Revolt and Form Socialist Government ...............................................................................146 1918 Parliament Grants Suffrage to British Women .....................................................................................149 1919 Paris Peace Conference Includes Protection for Minorities, The.........................................................152 1919-1920 “Palmer Raids” Lead to Arrests and Deportations of Immigrants .......................................................156 1919 Soldiers Massacre Indian Civilians in Amritsar ...................................................................................159 1919 League of Nations is Established, The .................................................................................................163 1919 Students Demonstrate for Reform in China’s May Fourth Movement ................................................166 1919 International Labour Organization is Established, The ........................................................................169 1919 Saint-Germain-en-Laye Convention Attempts to Curtail Slavery, The ...............................................173 1919-1920 Steel Workers Go on Strike to Demand Improved Working Conditions ���������������������������������������������177 1920’s Ku Klux Klan Spreads Terror in the South, The ..................................................................................180 1920 Advisory Councils Give Botswana Natives Limited Representation ..................................................184 1920-1921 Ireland is Granted Home Rule and Northern Ireland is Created ..........................................................187 1920-1922 Gandhi Leads a Noncooperation Movement........................................................................................190 1920-1925 Great Britain Passes Acts to Provide Unemployment Benefits ............................................................193 1920 American Civil Liberties Union is Founded, The ................................................................................197 1920 League of Women Voters is Founded, The ..........................................................................................200 1920 Nineteenth Amendment Gives American Women the Right to Vote, The ...........................................203 1921 Capital Punishment is Abolished in Sweden ........................................................................................207 1921-1924 Immigration Act of 1921 Imposes a National Quota System, The ......................................................210 1921, 1925 Sanger Organizes Conferences on Birth Control .................................................................................213 1922 Nansen Wins the Nobel Peace Prize ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������216 1923 Martial Law is Declared in Oklahoma in Response to KKK Violence ................................................220 1923 Nevada and Montana Introduce the Old-Age Pension �������������������������������������������������������������������������223 1924 Congress Establishes a Border Patrol ..................................................................................................226 1924 U.S. Immigration Act Imposes Quotas Based on National Origins, A ................................................229 1924-1925 Hitler Writes Mein Kampf ....................................................................................................................232 1925-1926 Mussolini Seizes Dictatorial Powers in Italy .......................................................................................236 1925-1935 Women’s Rights in India Undergo a Decade of Change ......................................................................239 1925-1977 Pahlavi Shahs Attempt to Modernize Iran, The ...................................................................................242