The Journal of the Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts, & Letters Volume 87 • 2010 Includes selected and refereed articles from the 2010 Annual Conference held at Dixie State College April 9, 2010 Editor Kristin L. Kraus Copyright 2011, Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts, & Letters. Copyright reverts to authors after publication. Printed in the United States of America by Brigham Young University Academic Publishing, Provo, Utah. Neither the editors nor the sponsoring organization assumes responsibility for statements of fact or opinion made by the contributors. ISBN 978-0-9815501-4-5 All Rights Reserved Board of Editors Art: Nichole Ortega Biological Science: Erin O'Brien Business: Jonathan H. Westover Education: Joyce Sibbett Health, Physical Education, and Outdoor Recreation: Shaunna McGhie Letters, Humanities, and Philosophy: Matias Martinez-Abeijon Letters, Language, and Literature: Steve Peterson Physical Science: Jean-Francois VanHuele Social Science: Rob Reynolds 2009-2010 Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts, & Letters Officers President-Elect: Nichole Ortega President: Spencer Blake Past President-Elect: Steve Turley General Secretary & Membership: CoCo James Treasurer: Karl Israelsen Publicity: Peter Kraus Member at Large: Dwight Israelsen Division Chairs Art: Nichole Ortega, Utah Valley University Biological Science: Erin O'Brien, Dixie State College Business: Jonathan H. Westover, Utah Valley University Education: Joyce Sibbett, Westminster College Health, Physical Education, and Outdoor Recreation: Shaunna McGhie, Utah Valley University Letters, Humanities, and Philosophy: Matias Martinez-Abeijon, Southern Utah University Letters, Language, and Literature: Steve Peterson, Snow College Physical Science: Jean-Francois VanHuele, Brigham Young University Social Science: Rob Reynolds, Weber State University Member at Large: Dwight Israelsen, Utah State University Cover Photo: Andrew Bishop Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters History: Founded 3 April 1908, the Utah Academy of Sciences was organized "to promote investigations and diffuse knowledge in all areas of science." Beginning in 1923, the Academy started publishing the papers presented in its annual meetings in Proceedings. In June 1933 at the annual meeting, the Academy was enlarged to include arts and let- ters, and the name was changed to the Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. Articles of incorporation and non-profit organization status were accepted by the Academy membership at the spring meeting in April 1959. In 1977, the name of the journal of the Academy was changed from Proceedings to Encyclia. It became a refereed journal at this time. In the mid 1980s, the scope of the Academy was expanded further to include (1) business, (2) education, (3) engineering, (4) li- brary information and instruction, and (5) health, physical education, and recreation. Beginning with the 1998 issue, the journal became The Journal of the Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. Annual Meeting: The Academy's annual meetings are normally held in the spring on one of the Utah campuses of higher education. The plenary session is called the Tanner Lecture, endowed by Mr. O.C. Tanner in 1986. Best Paper Awards: The best paper presented in every division is given a cash award, which is presented at the Academy's "Awards Eve- ning" held the following fall. Distinguished Service Awards: The Academy recognizes outstanding contributions to teaching and scholarship by means of annual Distin- guished Service Awards, alternating every other year between disci- plines. Membership: When the Academy was founded in 1908, membership was by nomination, ratified by the Council, and elected by a "three- fourths votes of members present." Today, the Academy's membership is available by application. Institutional Members: All Utah institutions of higher education are members of the Utah Academy. The Academy appreciates their patron- age. The Journal of the Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts, & Letters 5 PUBLICATION POLICY Papers published in The Journal of the Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters are drawn from papers presented by members in good standing at the annual conference of the Utah Academy. To qualify for publication, the papers must be recommended through a refereeing system. Presenters are encouraged to publish their paper in The Journal of the Utah Academy. The Journal’s criteria are that a submission is (1) fresh, mean- ingful scholarly insight on its subject; (2) readable and well written; and (3) of general interest for an academic readership beyond the author’s field. If you wish your paper to be considered for publication in The Journal, please send one hard copy of your paper and abstract to Spencer Blake, Sociol- ogy Dept. TBF, Salt Lake Community College, 4600 South Redwood Road, Salt Lake City, UT 84123, and three copies to the chair of your division by May 1, 2010. All submitted papers will be considered for an Outstanding Pa- per Award. Include both your institutional and home addresses and phone numbers, email address and fax number. Papers will be peer reviewed. Please suggest possible appropriated referees, including names, telephone numbers and addresses. At the time of acceptance for publication, manuscripts must be submitted as an attachment in Microsoft Word via email, also attach a PDF. Figures, diagrams and photographs must be saved as TIFF files and should be no larger than 5 x 7. Papers must conform to the style of the paper’s discipline: MLA, APA, Chicago, CBE, or AIP. Papers should be between ten and twenty dou- ble-spaced pages. The Journal of the Utah Academy is a refereed journal. Editorial re- sponses will be forthcoming after the resumption of school the following fall when referees have returned their comments to the division chairs. Detailed publication guidelines are available at the Utah Academy web- site: www.utahacademy.org. Among the bibliographic services listing at Bowker Serials Bibliogra- phies and The Standard Periodical Direction. Indexing and abstracting services that cite articles in the journal include Arts and Humanities Citation Index, Biosciences Information Services, Current Geographical Publicatoin, Chemical Abstracts, Mathematical Reviews, MLA Biography, Sociological Abstracts, Excerpta Botanica, Social Planning, Policy and Development Abstracts, Lan- guage and Language Behavior Abstracts, Index to Scientific Technical Pro- ceedings, and Index to Social Sciences, and Humanities Proceedings. The Journal of the Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts, & Letters 7 The Journal of the Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts, & Letters—2010 AWARDS Distinguished Service Award 11 Academy Fellow 2010 13 John and Olga Gardner Prize 14 Tanner Lecture 15 Awards Evening Lecture 16 Honorary Member 17 2010 Best Paper Awards 19 ARTICLES ARTS World War in the Wasatch Mountains 23 Stephen B. Armstrong, Dixie State College InterPlay: Performing on a High-Tech Wire (Collaborative, Real-Time, Distributed, Surrealistic Cinema) 29 Elizabeth Ann Miklavcic and Jimmy Miklavcic, Another Language Performing Arts Company University of Utah Center for High Performance Computing 8 The Journal of the Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts & Letters BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Emerging Infectious Disease Chytridiomycosis and the Significance of the Absence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis on Hyla arenicolor in Zion National Park 49 Allystair D. Jones, Daniel J. Sumko, and Curt Walker, Dixie State College BUSINESS The Risk That Wasn’t There: Understanding the Role of Derivatives on Reducing and Creating Risk 57 Leo Chan, Utah Valley University Complex Job Structure and Intelligence: A Research Proposal 69 Christopher Michael Nelson, Utah Valley University Engaged Learning and the Entrepreneurial Mind Set 87 Peter B. Robinson, Utah Valley University EDUCATION The Weakening of Tenure and Post-Tenure Review: An Issue Analysis 111 John Hill, Salt Lake Community College Westminster College’s Master of Arts in Teaching and YouthCity: An Effective After-School Partnership 121 Joyce Sibbett, Shamby Polychronis, and Elizabeth Robinson Rich, Westminster College ENGINEERING 3-D Numerical Simulations of Liquid Laminar Flow at Re=1 over Super-hydrophobic Surfaces with Post Geometries 129 Abolfazl Amin, Utah Valley University The Journal of the Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts, & Letters 9 HEALTH, PHYSICAL EDUCATION, AND RECREATION A Correlation between Collegiate Baseball Players’ Posture and Individual Baseball Statistics 145 Bret Boyer, Corey Rankin, Leoni Lobendahn, Jason Slack, Mike Bohne, Utah Valley University Comparable Study: Running the 1.5-mile Run on a Treadmill Vs. Running the 1.5-mile Run on an Indoor Track 151 M. Vinson Miner and Jason Slack, Utah Valley University LETTERS—PHILOSOPHY Pedro Salinas’s Theory of Tourism 157 Andrew Bishop, Brigham Young University The Women in Parzival: An Experiment in Jungian Literary Criticism 197 James W. Harrison, Southern Utah University Parzival and the Hero Cycle 225 Jessica Pierce, Southern Utah University LETTERS—LITERATURE Victory of the Ash Buttocks: The Role of Hybridity in Colonization, Decolonization, and Postcolonization 235 Jennifer Gibb, Dixie State College A Mean and Ungentlemanly Act: Casaubon’s Passive Aggressive Maneuvering in George Eliot’s Middlemarch 245 Randy Jasmine, Dixie State College 10 The Journal of the Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts & Letters PHYSICAL SCIENCES Measurement of the Imaginary Index of Refraction of UOx in the Extreme Ultraviolet 255 Heidi M. Dumais, R. Steven Turley, and David D. Allred, Brigham Young University