OVERVIEW ⌂ Introduced April 1, 1974. ⌂ Intel Corporation is an American multinational corporation headquartered in ⌂ 10 times faster than 8008. Santa Clara, California. ⌂ Used in the Altair 8800, Traffic light controller, cruise missile. ⌂ It is the inventor of the x86 series of microprocessors, the processors found in ⌂ Characteristics most personal computers. • 6 mm process ⌂ Intel Corporation, founded on July 18, 1968, is a portmanteau of • 4500 transistors Integrated Electronics (the fact that "intel" is the term for intelligence • 2 MHz information also made the name appropriate). • 8-bit word size ⌂ Intel sells its products and solutions to original equipment manufacturers • 40-pin DIP package (OEMs) and original design manufacturers (ODMs). Intel 8086/8088 ⌂ The 80486 architecture, for example, supports clock rates of from 33 to 66 ⌂ A 16 bit processors Introduced June 8, 1978(8086) and Introduced June 1, MHz. 1979(8088). ⌂ Because Intel discovered that it couldn't trademark its CPU numbers, it shifted ⌂ First used in the Compaq Deskpro IBM PC-compatible computers. Later used to a naming scheme, starting with the Pentium processors. Intel's sixth- in portable computing, and in the IBM PS/2 Model 25 and Model 30. Also generation chip is called the Pentium Pro. used in the AT&T PC6300 / Olivetti M24, a popular IBM PC-compatible HISTORY (predating the IBM PS/2 line). ⌂ Intel was originally founded in Mountain View, California in 1968 by Gordon E. ⌂ NASA used original 8086 CPUs on equipment for ground-based maintenance Moore, Robert Noyce, Arthur Rock and Max Palevsky. of the Space Shuttle Discovery until the end of the space shuttle program in ⌂ Intel's third employee was Andy Grove, a chemical engineer, who later ran the 2011. company through much of the 1980s and the high-growth 1990s. ⌂ The first x86 CPU. ⌂ INTEL grown from three man start up in 1968 to industrial grant by 1981. ⌂ Characteristics ⌂ It had 20,000 employees & $ 188 million revenue. • 3 mm process ⌂ Intel was distinguished by its ability to make semiconductors. • 29k transistors ⌂ In 1969, was the 3101 Schottky TTL bipolar 64-bit static random-access • 5-10 MHz memory (SRAM). • 16-bit word size ⌂ In the same year Intel also produced the 3301 Schottky bipolar 1024- • 40-pin DIP package bit readOnly memory (ROM) and the first commercial metal–oxide– Intel 80286 semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) silicon gate SRAM chip, the ⌂ Introduced February 2, 1982. 256-bit 1101. ⌂ Widely used in IBM-PC AT and AT clones contemporary to it. Acquisitions ⌂ It could execute 4 million instructions per second. ⌂ On August 19, 2010, Intel announced that it planned to purchase McAfee. ⌂ Characteristics ⌂ On August 30, 2010, Intel and Infineon Technologies announced that Intel • 1.5 mm process would acquire Infineon's Wireless Solutions business. • 134k transistors ⌂ In March 2011, Intel bought most of the assets of Cairo-based SySDSoft. • 6-12 MHz ⌂ In July 2011, Intel announced that it had agreed to acquire Fulcrum • 16-bit word size Microsystems Inc. • 68-pin PGA ⌂ On October 1, 2011, Intel reached a deal to acquire Telmap. Intel iAPX 432 ⌂ In July 2012, Intel Corporation agreed to buy 10 percent shares of ASML ⌂ Introduced January 1, 1981 as Intel's first 32-bit microprocessor Holding NV. ⌂ Multi-chip CPU; Intel's first 32-bit microprocessor ⌂ The acquisition of a Spanish natural language recognition startup named ⌂ Object/capability architecture Indisys was announced on September 13, 2013. ⌂ Microcoded operating system primitives ⌂ In 2008, Intel spun off key assets of a solar startup business effort to form an ⌂ One terabyte virtual address space independent company, SpectraWatt Inc. However, as of 2011, SpectraWatt ⌂ Hardware support for fault tolerance has filed for bankruptcy. ⌂ Two-chip General Data Processor (GDP), consists of 43201 and 43202 ⌂ In February 2011, Intel announced plans to build a new microprocessor ⌂ 43203 Interface Processor (IP) interfaces to I/O subsystem manufacturing facility in Chandler, Arizona, which is expected to be completed ⌂ 43204 Bus Interface Unit (BIU) simplifies building multiprocessor systems in 2013, at a cost of $5 billion. ⌂ 43205 Memory Control Unit (MCU) ⌂ In April 2011, Intel began a pilot project with ZTE Corporation to produce ⌂ Architecture and execution unit internal data base paths 32 bit smartphones using the Intel Atom processor for China's domestic market. This ⌂ Clock rates: project is intended to challenge the domination of ARM processors in mobile • 5 MHz phones. • 7 MHz Intel 4004 • 8 MHz ⌂ first commercially available microprocessor created in 1971. Pentium ⌂ Originally designed to be used in Busicom calculator. ⌂ Introduced in 1993. ⌂ Federico Faggin the designer of Intel 4004. ⌂ It was also 32 bit microprocessor. ⌂ It was also 4 bit microprocessor. ⌂ It could execute 110 million instruction per second. ⌂ It was introduced in 1974. ⌂ It was originally named 80586. ⌂ Characteristics ⌂ Handles and processes more media types such as speech, sound , and . 10 mm process photographic images. 2300 transistors ⌂ Cache memory. 400 – 800 kHz ⌂ 8 KB for instruction. 4-bit word size ⌂ 8 KB for data. 16-pin DIP package Pentium Pro Intel 8008 ⌂ Introduced November 1, 1995 ⌂ An 8 bit microprocessor Introduced April 1, 1972. ⌂ Primarily used in server systems. ⌂ Originally intended for use in the Datapoint 2200 microcomputer. ⌂ Able to handle more instructions per clock cycle ⌂ Characteristics ⌂ Characteristics . 10 mm process • 0.6-0.18 mm process . 3500 transistors • 5.5M-28M transistors . 500 – 800 kHz • 166-1000 MHz . 8-bit word size • 32-bit word size . 18-pin DIP package • MCM / SECC . Intel 8080 Pentium II ⌂ Introduced May 7, 1997. 80486DX2 - Introduced March 3, 1992 ⌂ MMX (multimedia extent ion) technology was supported. 80486SL - Introduced November 9, 1992 ⌂ L2 cache & processor were on one circuit. 80486DX4 - Introduced March 7, 1994 ⌂ Better capable of handling video editing, sending media via the Internet, and . Pentium with MMX Technology - Introduced January 8, 1997 reprocessing music . Xeon - Introduced May 21, 2001 ⌂ By 1998, the Pentium began to climb in processing speeds up to 450 MHz. Celeron - Introduced April 15, 1998 ⌂ Characteristics ⌂ 64 bit processors • 0.6-0.18 mm process . Itanium-Released May 29, 2001 • 5.5M-28M transistors . Itanium 2-Released July 2002 • 166-1000 MHz . Core i3- Introduced January, 2010 • 32-bit word size . Core i5- Introduced September 8, 2009 • MCM / SECC Pentium III ARCHITECTURE ⌂ Introduced February 26, 1999. ⌂ It was also 32 bit MB. Moore’s Law states that the number of transistors on a chip will double ⌂ Its clock speed was 1GHZ. approximately every two years. Pentium IV ⌂ Introduced November 20, 2000. P5 Microarchitecture o System Bus clock rate 400 MHz ⌂ The Intel Pentium microprocessor was introduced on March 22, 1993 o SSE2 SIMD Extensions o Number of transistors 42 million P5, was Intel's fifth-generation and first superscalar IA-32 microarchitecture o Used in desktops and entry-level workstations o All internal connections were made from aluminum to copper. ⌂ Superscalar architecture — The Pentium has two datapaths (pipelines) that allow it to complete two instructions per clock cycle in many cases. o Today it’s reaching upwards to a remarkable 3GHz Intel Core P6 Microarchitecture ⌂ Introduced January 2006 ⌂ introduced in November 1995 ⌂ It was 32 bit or 64 bit microprocessor. ⌂ Pentium Pro, Pentium II, Pentium II Xeon, Pentium III, and Pentium III Xeon ⌂ It had two cores. microprocessors ⌂ It supported SMT technology. ⌂ The P6 architecture lasted three generations from the Pentium Pro to ⌂ SMT : Simultaneously Multi threading. Pentium III, and was widely known for low power consumption, excellent ⌂ E.g. : adobe Photoshop supported SMT. integer performance, and relatively high instructions per cycle (IPC) Intel Core II ⌂ Introduced July 27, 2006 P6 Variant Pentium M ⌂ It was 32 bit or 64 bit microprocessor. ⌂ Updated version of Pentium III's P6 microarchitecture designed from the ⌂ First multi-core Intel processor ground up for mobile computing ⌂ Has 291 Million transistors. ⌂ Realizing their new microarchitecture wasn't the best choice for the mobile Intel Core 7 space, Intel went back to the drawing board for a design that would be ⌂ Introduced January, 2011 optimally suited for this market segment. The result was a modernized P6 ⌂ -995 million transistors design called the Pentium M ⌂ 4 physical cores/8 threads ⌂ 32+32 Kb (per core) L1 cache P6 Variant Enhanced Pentium M ⌂ 256 Kb (per core) L2 cache ⌂ The Yonah CPU was launched in January 2006 under the Core brand. ⌂ 8 MB L3 cache ⌂ Single and dual-core mobile version were sold under the Core Solo, Core Duo, Other types of microprocessors and Pentium Dual-Core brands, and a server version was released as Xeon ⌂ The 8-bit processors LV. 8085 - Introduced March 1976 . Intel 8048 NetBurst microarchitecture . Intel 8051 ⌂ The NetBurst microarchitecture, called P68 inside Intel, was the successor to . Intel 80151 the P6 microarchitecture in the x86 family of CPUs made by Intel. Intel 80251 ⌂ The first CPU to use this architecture was the Willamette-core Pentium 4, ⌂ The bit-slice processor released on November 20, 2000 3000 Family - Introduced in the third quarter of 1974 ⌂ all subsequent Pentium 4 and Pentium D variants have also been based on ⌂ 16 Bit processors NetBurst. 80186 Introduced 1982 ⌂ L1 cache- 8 KB to 16 KB per core . 80188-6mhz ⌂ L2 cache- 128 KB to 2048 KB, 256 KB to 2048 KB (Xeon) . 80286 - Introduced February 2, 1982 ⌂ L3 cache- 4 MB to 16 MB shared It had 134,000 transistor ⌂ Features o . 24-bit address bus and was able to address up to 16 MB of RAM Hyper-Pipelined Technology o . ⌂ 32 Bit processorts Rapid Execution Engine . i960 aka 80960 - Introduced April 5, 1988 Execution Trace Cache . i860 aka 80860 - Introduced February 26, 1989 Front-Side Bus . Xscale - Introduced August 23, 2000 . 80386DX - Introduced October 17, 1985 Inter Core .