Revisiting Geneva: Robert Kingdon and the Coming of the French Wars of Religion Edited by S. K. Barker St Andrews Studies in French History and Culture ST ANDREWS STUDIES IN FRENCH HISTORY AND CULTURE The history and historical culture of the French-speaking world is a major field of interest among English-speaking scholars. The purpose of this series is to publish a range of shorter monographs and studies, between 25,000 and 50,000 words long, which illuminate the history of this community of peoples between the end of the Middle Ages and the late twentieth century. The series covers the full span of historical themes relating to France: from political history, through military/naval, diplomatic, religious, social, financial, cultural and intellectual history, art and architectural history, to literary culture. Titles in the series are rigorously peer-reviewed through the editorial board and external assessors, and are published as both e-books and paperbacks. Editorial Board Dr Guy Rowlands, University of St Andrews (Editor-in-Chief) Professor Andrew Pettegree, University of St Andrews Professor Andrew Williams, University of St Andrews Dr David Culpin, University of St Andrews Dr David Evans, University of St Andrews Dr Justine Firnhaber-Baker, University of St Andrews Dr Linda Goddard, University of St Andrews Dr Bernhard Struck, University of St Andrews Dr Stephen Tyre, University of St Andrews Dr Malcolm Walsby, University of St Andrews Dr David Parrott, University of Oxford Dr Alexander Marr, University of Cambridge Dr Sandy Wilkinson, University College Dublin Professor Rafe Blaufarb, Florida State University Professor Darrin McMahon, Florida State University Dr Simon Kitson, School of Advanced Study, University of London Professor Eric Nelson, Missouri State University Dr Peter Hicks, Fondation Napoléon, Paris/University of Bath Revisiting Geneva: Robert Kingdon and the Coming of the French Wars of Religion Edited by S. K. BARKER St Andrews Studies in French History and Culture PUBLISHED BY THE CENTRE FOR FRENCH HISTORY AND CULTURE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREWS School of History, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom This series is a collaboration between the following institutions: Centre for French History and Culture, University of St Andrews http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/~cfhc/ Institute on Napoleon and the French Revolution, Florida State University http://www.fsu.edu/napoleon/ Fondation Napoléon, Paris http://www.napoleon.org/fr/home.asp Digital Research Repository, University of St Andrews Library http://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/ © The authors 2012 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of the Centre for French History and Culture. First published 2012 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University of St Andrews ISBN 978-1-907548-06-2 paperback ISBN 978-1-907548-07-9 e-book Front cover: A view of seventeenth-century Geneva (courtesy of the University of St Andrews Library). Contents Abbreviations in footnotes page iii Acknowledgements iv List of contributors v Foreword 1 S. K. Barker 1 Robert M. Kingdon (1927-2010): a scholarly life 5 well lived Andrew Pettegree 2 Recruiting and training pastors: the Genevan 10 model and alternative approaches Karin Maag 3 Geneva in the centre? The challenge of local 23 church orders Philip Conner 4 The elites and the politicisation of the French 37 Reformation: the work of Robert M. Kingdon and the origins of the Huguenot party Hugues Daussy 5 Genevan print and the coming of the Wars of 52 Religion Andrew Pettegree 6 Settling quarrels and nurturing repentance: the 71 Consistory in Calvin’s Geneva Jeffrey R. Watt 7 Developments in the history of Geneva since the 85 1960s William G. Naphy ii Abbreviations in footnotes BSHPF Bulletin du Société de l’Histoire du Protestantisme Français CO Ioannis Calvini Opera quae supersunt omnia, ed. by G. Baum, E. Cunitz and E. Reuss (59 vols., Brunswick, 1863-1900) n.p. no place of publication SCJ The Sixteenth-Century Journal STC English Short Title Catalogue: http://estc.bl.uk iii Acknowledgements This collection has been an exciting and challenging project to be involved with over the last few years, and it could only be achieved with the generous help of several people. Andrew Pettegree was the original instigator behind the collection, and continued to give advice throughout the editing process, including taking on the sad responsibility of memorialising Professor Kingdon at the start of 2011. Malcolm Walsby read various drafts and helped with translation. Guy Rowlands provided greatly appreciated patient support and guidance on behalf of the series St Andrews Studies in French History and Culture. I would also like to thank the anonymous external reviewer for their helpful comments and suggestions. Finally, the contributors to the original colloquium in St Andrews in celebration of Geneva and the Coming of the Wars of Religion in France, 1555-1563 must be thanked, not least Robert Kingdon himself. Sara Barker November 2011 The essay by Andrew Pettegree, ‘Genevan print and the coming of the Wars of Religion’ was previously published in Andrew Pettegree, The French Book and the European Book World (Leiden, 2007). iv List of contributors S.K. Barker is a teaching fellow in the Department of History at the University of Exeter. Her doctoral research at the University of St Andrews formed the basis of her monograph Protestantism, Poetry and Protest: The Vernacular Writings of Antoine de Chandieu (c.1534-1591) (Ashgate, 2009). She has held postdoctoral research fellowships at the University of St Andrews and the Centre for the Study of the Renaissance at the University of Warwick, and is currently researching the practices of news translation in early modern Europe. Philip Conner’s doctoral research led to his monograph Huguenot Heartland: Montauban and southern French Calvinism during the Wars of Religion (Ashgate, 2002). As a member of the St Andrews Reformation Studies Institute and Ushaw College, Durham, he also co-edited the collection The Sixteenth Century French Religious Book (Ashgate, 2001). He is now a priest based in Cumbria. Hugues Daussy is perhaps best known for his work on the French nobleman Philippe Duplessis-Mornay, most notably his monograph Les Huguenots et le Roi: Le combat politique de Philippe Duplessis-Mornay (1572–1600) (Droz, 2002). An expert on the Protestant nobility of early modern France at the Université du Maine, he is now researching the relationship between Protestantism and the nobility from the origins of the Huguenot party in the 1550s to the St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre: Le Parti Huguenot. Histoire d’une désillusion (1557-1572) (Droz, 2012). Karin Maag has been Director of the H. Henry Meeter Center for Calvin Studies at Calvin College, Grand Rapids, Michigan since 1997. She has published extensively on the training of ministers, including Seminary or University? The Genevan Academy and Reformed Higher Education (Ashgate, 1995), as well as conducting research into early modern education and relations between civil and ecclesiastical authorities in early modern cities. She is currently working on a volume of primary source texts on worship in Reformation Geneva. v William G. Naphy is Professor in History at the University of Aberdeen. He is a leading authority on Calvin’s Geneva during the sixteenth century as well as the history of crime and punishment in the early modern period, and has authored six books, including Calvin and the Consolidation of the Genevan Reformation (Manchester University Press, 1994). He has also published on the history of witchcraft, plague, and sexuality, and is currently working on a two-volume study of sexuality, deviance and criminality in early modern Geneva. Andrew Pettegree is Professor of Modern History at the University of St Andrews. Having initially researched aspects of the European Reformation, including religious refugee communities in the sixteenth century, and the Reformation in Germany, France and England, his recent work has focused on the history of communication, and especially the history of the book. This has seen the publication of The Book in the Renaissance (Yale University Press, 2010, winner of the Phyllis Goodhart Gordan Prize), and the launch of the Universal Short Title Catalogue Project, a collective database of all books published in Europe between the invention of printing and the end of the sixteenth century, now continuing on into the seventeenth century. Jeffrey R. Watt is Professor of History at the University of Mississippi. An expert on the Genevan Consistory, he is the author of The Scourge of Demons: Possession, Lust, and Witchcraft in a Seventeenth-Century Italian Convent (University of Rochester Press, 2009), Choosing Death: Suicide and Calvinism in Early Modern Geneva (Truman State University Press, 2001), The Making of Modern Marriage: Matrimonial Control and the Rise of Sentiment in Neuchâtel, 1550-1800 (Cornell University Press, 1992), as well as numerous articles and book chapters. He is the immediate past president of the Sixteenth Century Society and Conference. vi Foreword S. K. Barker For over fifty years, the work of Robert M. Kingdon shaped the field of Reformation history, in his native America and in Europe. Recognised as the preeminent American scholar of the Reformation in Geneva and France, his initial work on Geneva soon led to