1 — — — \ \ THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOUNDED BY JAMES LOEB, LL.D. EDITED BY fT. E. PAGE, C.H., LITT.D. tE. CAPPS, PH.D., LL.D. t W. H. D. ROUSE, litt.d. L. A. POST, m.a. E. H. WARMINGTON, m.a., f.r.hist.soc. I DIODORUS OF SICILY VII . ) ifl u 1 r DIODORUS OF SICILY ,v 1 WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY CHARLES L. SHERMAN PROFESSOR OF, HISTORY" AND POLITICAL SCIENCE, AMHERST COLLEGE 3D / odoy~uS Sieved s * M rt< IN TWELVE VOLUMES VII books xv. 20-xvi. 65 CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD j MCMLII CONTENTS PAGE BOOK XV (CHAPS. 20-95) 1 book xvi (chaps. 1-65) 223 INDEX OF names 423 MAPS OF THE AREAS DESCRIBED IN VOL. VII At end, 1. SICILY AND GREECE (FROM DIODORUS III, L.C.L.) 2. EUROPE WESTERN AND SOUTHERN (FROM THE same) ° Printed in Great Britain LITERATURE £9 L 'A 1452846 v <T >1 THE LIBRARY OF HISTORY OF DIODORUS OF SICILY BOOK XV i « , AI0Ai2P0T THE LIBRARY OF HISTORY OF TOT 2IKEAinTOT DIODORUS OF SICILY BIBAIO0HKII2 ISTOPIKHS BOOK XV BIBA02 IIENTEKAIAEKATH 20. When Evander was archon at Athens, the 382/1 b.o. 8’ 1 1 20. ’E7t* (IpyovTOS ' Adr'/vr/cnv EvavSpov 'Pio- Romans elected six military tribunes with consular jialoi KarecrTrjijav avrl rwv VTidrujv %l\capyovs e£, power, Quintus Sulpicius, Gaius Fabius, Quintus Servilius, Publius Kotvrov HoAttlklov, P diov <Dd/3iov, Kotvrov Sep- Cornelius. During their term of 2 office, the Lacedaemonians took possession of the oviAiov, I 1 ottAiov KopvrjAiov ini Se tovtiov Aolks- Cadmeia in Thebes for the following reasons. Seeing 8aip.6vi.oi KareAdfSovro Trjv KaS/xetau iv rats that Boeotia had a large number of cities and that Qr//3at? 8 id rivas roiavras atria?, opaivres rrjv her inhabitants were men of outstanding valour, while Botatrtav exovaav noAecov re -rrArjdos Kal tovs Thebes, 2 still retaining her renown of ancient times, KCLTOiKOWTas avTTjv avBpas vndpyovrag dvhpela was, generally speaking, the citadel of Boeotia, they 8ia<f>opovs, ert 8e ra? Qrj/ja? iyovaas naAaiov were mindful of the danger that Thebes, if a suitable d^lojfia Kal to avvoAov coavep aKponoAlv riva rrjs occasion arose, might claim the leadership of Greece. BotaJTta? ovaav, evAafiovvro puj-nore Kaipov napa- Accordingly the Spartans gave secret instructions 3 (fiavevros oiKeiov rrjs rjyep.ovias 6.vrinoirjarjrai at the time of the King’s Peace. Thebes was beginning to 2 SioVep rot? r/yepioaiv o t AlrrapTidrai Trapr]yyeAAov assert her strength again by withholding the help due Sparta ’ 111 ' 1 a< '*' 1 on against Olynthus (see Xenophon, Hell. 5. 2. 27). ’ABrjvT)inv EvavSpov Meursius (Demosthenes, Contra Tim. j Diodorus alone speaks of these secret instructions which 138) : ’AB'qvrjoi p.ev EtlctvSpou P, ’AQr/vijai McravSpou Vulgate. have no existence in Xenophon’s fuller account. 2 KdtVroy aepovtXiov nonXiov KOpvrjXiov P, Xepotn'Atov KopvrjAiov In fact ' enophon expressly says (5. 2. 32) on ov npocrra^BevTa vtto A, Sepoui'Acov KopviJAtor I loVAtor Ovyoiva Xe^arov “Avtvov Kal rps noXews ravTii eirenpa^a. But then we must remember rdtov Mdpmv cet. Corrected in part from Book 14. 110. 1 and Xenophon’s pro-Spartan bias. Plutarch, Agesilaiis, Livy, 5. 36. 23, 24, virtually admits the complicity of Agesilaiis, and Ed. Meyer, Gischichte 1 Only four mentioned by name—a frequent inconsistency. des Altertums, 5. 298, accepts the notion of a secret commission, 2 Sparta had been successful in stripping Thebes of much as does Laistner, The Greek World from 479 to 323 d. c of her strength in Boeotia by dissolving the Boeotian League ., p . 190 , 2 3 , , DIODORUS OF SICILY BOOK XV. 20. 2—21. 1 iv aTToppr/TOLS, (V eav 7Tore Kcupov Ad/3o)cu Kara- to their commanders, if ever they found an oppor- 382/] AafiwvTat, ttjv KaS/ueiav. to lavrrjs Se yevopiivqs tunity, to take possession of the Cadmeia. Acting •ndpoyyeAlas OoijSiSa? o Z 77 apTidryjs, reraypievos under these instructions, Phoebidas the Spartan, who ini tivos r/yepLovias xal 8vvapav rlyow ini ’OAvv- had been assigned to a command and was leading 9lovs, KrareAdjSero T'qv KaS/xeiav. ayavdKTOVVTWV an expeditionary force against Olynthus, seized the 3 Se tow Q'qfialojv koI pied ’ onAiov crvvSpapiovTwv, Cadmeia. 1 When the Thebans, resenting this act, (jvvaipas pdyrjv aiiTois Kd i VLKrjaas rpiaKocrcovs gathered under arms, he joined battle with them and after piiv tovs im^dveoTOTOvs tow Qqfialcov i(f>vyd8evoe defeating them exiled three hundred of the most eminent tovs Se Aocnovs KdTdnAq^dpievos Kal c[>povpdv Thebans. Then after he had terrorized the rest and had stationed a strong garrison in the Cad- layypdv iyKdTddTqadpievos, iirl to.? i8ia? npdtjeis meia, he w ent off on his own business. For this act dnqAAayq. ol Se Aa/ceSai/iidvioi Sia T'qv np&ijiv the Lacedaemonians, being now discredited in the tolvttjv a8o^ovvTes Trapd rots "JdAAqan, tov piiv eyes of the Greeks, 2 punished Phoebidas with a fine 3>oij8t8av i^r/pilojaav yprjpiam, T'qv 8i ovk <f>povpdv but w'ould not remove the garrison from Thebes. So itjrjyov Q'qjSdw ol piiv ovv 3 Ik twv Qqpdioi tovtov the Thebans in this way lost their independence TOV TpOlTOV TTjV dVTOVOpildV dnofidAoVTeS TjVdyKd- and were compelled to take orders from the Lace- oOrjaav vnoTayrjvai toZs Aa/ceSai/^ovtots” tow S’ daemonians. As the Olynthians continued the war ’OAVv9l(OV SldTToAe/MJVVTOW npOS ’ApiVVTdV TOV against Amyntas, king of the Macedonians, the Lace- tow Ma/ceSovaiv /JacrtAea, Aa/ceSai/xovioi rov piiv daemonians relieved Phoebidas of his command, and OoijSiSav dneoT’qcrav trjs qyepiovlds, EuSa/ASav installed Phoebidas’ brother Eudamidas as general. Giving Se tov d8eA<f>6v rov <I>otjStSa KdTeoTqodv <jtpdnq- him three thousand hoplites, they dispatched him to yov. 8ovTes 8’ aiiTO) TpioyiAlovs onAiTas i^an- carry on the war against the Olynthians. 1 , 21. 1 eoTeiAav SianoAepiqaovTa tov npos OAvv9lovs Eudamidas struck into the territory of the 2 Olynthians and, noAepiov. in conjunction with Amyntas, con- tinued tp wage war upon the Olynthians. Thereupon 21 . OStos S’ ipflaAow els T'qv ycopav tow Xenophon, Hell. 5. ’0Aw9lwV KOlvfj jU.€t’ ’ApiVVTOV 8ienoAip,€i 77/00? 4. 1 ; Plutarch, Pelopidas, 6 and De Oenio nocratis, 576 a ; Nepos, Pelopidas, 1 ; and Polybius, 4. 27. 4. 1 S was Amyntas Sta7roAe/i7j<7ovTa] iroXe/Myaovra Vogel (cp. chap. 19. 3). tk ^* III, king of Macedonia 393-369. 2 Inrough the opposition of a pretender Argaeiis tov irpos ’OA. TrdAr/ior (see chap. 23. 2) : rous ’OA. noXepLov and the Illyrians, Amyntas I', TOVS ’OA. 7roXep.ovs AF, TOVS TTpOS ’OA. TToXf'jlOVS K, tovs npos had been confined to a small portion of his realm. TOVS ’OA. noXepOVS L. By the aid of the Thessalians he had succeeded m ousting Argaeiis. Amyntas now looked for help from .-parta to recover the lost portion of his kingdom. (See 1 See Xenophon, Hell. 5. 2. 25-31. Xenophon, //g/;. 5. 2 . 1 1-19 and chap. 19.) 2 reaction of the Greek world and the punishment The According to Xenophon ( Hell. 5. 2. 24), Eudamidas was sent of Phoebidas are recounted in Isocrates, Panegyric,us, 126 ; against the Olynthians before the occupation of the Cadmeia. 4 5 , . , DIODORUS OF SICILY BOOK XV. 21. 1—22. 1 ’OXvvOlovs- eW' ol pev ’OXvvOloc Svvapiv a£io- the Olynthians, who had collected a considerable 382/1 b.c. Xoyov ydpoueores inXcoveKrovv ev tolls p.dyacs, force, had the better in the field because they had orparudras rrXelovs eyovres row nodeplow ol Se more soldiers than the enemy ; but the Lacedae- AaxeSaipovioi Svvapiv ddidXoyov —poyeipiodpevoi monians, having made ready a considerable force, Kareoryoav arparyyov in’ avrfjs TeAeuriav. ov- appointed Teleutias general in charge of it. Teleu- tos S’ yv aSeXcfros pev ’AyyoiXaov rov fdaoiXecvs tias was brother of King Agesilaiis and was greatly davpat,opevos 8’ en’ apery rrapd rots' rroXlrais. admired for his valour by his fellow citizens. He ac- ava£ev£as ovv perd. Svvdipeojs ex rfjs I ! eXorrov- 2 cordingly set out from the Peloponnese with an army vr'joov Kai xaravryoas rrXyolov rfjs OXvvdlcuv and on arriving near the territory of the Olynthians napeXafie rods perd EvSapiSov orparicdras. yevo- took over the soldiers commanded by Eudamidas. pevos 8e d^Lopayos ro pev rrpcdrov ryv row ’OXvv- Being now a match for the enemy, he began by- 6lwv ydtpav eSycooe, koX ovvayaydw irXijdos Xelas plundering the Olynthian territory and dividing epepioe rols orparicdrais" rcdv Se OXvvOlcov pera among his troops the booty that he had collected row ovppdyow rravSypel naparatjapevcov ovvyipe ; but when the Olynthians and their allies in full force pdyyv. /cat to pev rrpcdrov loopporrov rov KivSvvov took the field, he gave battle. At first they drew yevopevov Sieycopiodyoaw pera Se ravra yevo- apart after an even contest, but later a stubborn pevys pdyVS loyvpds, avros re 6 TeAei/rta? erreoe battle was fought in which Teleutias himself fell after Xapnpcds dyowLodpevos /cat row A axeSaipovlow a splendid fight and the Lacedaemonians lost avypeOyoav rrXeiovs rcdv yiXlow /cat SiaKoolwv. more than twelve hundred men. 1 After the Olynthians 3 ryXixavrys 8’ evypeplas yevopevys rols ’OXvvdiois, had met with so remarkable a success, ol pev AaieeSaipovioi, fiouXopevoi SiopOcdaaadai the Lacedae- monians, wishing ro yeyovos eXdrrwpa, Svvdpeis aSporepas exnep- to repair the loss they had sustained, prepared to send out more rreiv rrapeoKeva^ovro, ol Se 'OXvvdioi, vopl^ovres numerous forces, while the Olynthians, judging that pelt,ooi Svvdpeoiv y£eiv rods Errapndras /cat rov the Spartans would come 1 with larger forces TroXepov eoeoOai rroXvypoviov, olrov re rrapaoKevds and that the war would last for a long time, prepared d^LoXoyovs erroLouvro /cat rrapd rcdv ovppdycov large supplies of grain and procured orparccdras -npooeXapfidvovro additional soldiers from their allies.