See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268274970 Contrastive Analysis for Translation Students Article CITATIONS READS 0 284 1 author: Reima Al-Jarf None 223 PUBLICATIONS 191 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Translation Students' Difficulties with Color Metaphors View project The Interchange of Personal Names in Muslim Communities View project All content following this page was uploaded by Reima Al-Jarf on 06 May 2015. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Contrastive Analysis for Translation Students Reima Al-Jarf, Ph.D. King Saud University 1 All rights reserved AL-Obeikkan Printing Press Riyadh, Saudi Arabia i 2 Table of Contents PREFACE ................................................................................................................ vi Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1 Aims of the Present Chapter ................................................................................ 4 Definition of Morphemes ..................................................................................... 2 Definition of Grammar ......................................................................................... 2 Definition of Morphology ..................................................................................... 2 Inflection .................................................................................................................... 7 Introduction: ......................................................................................................... 8 1. Number .......................................................................................................... 8 1.1 English Number Morphemes ............................................................... 8 1.2 Arabic Number Morphology ............................................................. 14 1.3 Implications for Translation .............................................................. 30 1.3.1 Translation of English Singular and Plural Forms: .................... 30 1.3.2 Translation from Arabic to English .............................................. 42 2. Gender ......................................................................................................... 50 2.1 English Gender Morphology .............................................................. 50 2.1 Arabic Gender Morphology ............................................................... 51 2.2 Translation from English ................................................................... 57 2.3 Translation from Arabic .................................................................... 59 3. Person Morphology .................................................................................... 63 3.1 English Person Morphology ............................................................... 63 3.2 Arabic Person Morphology ................................................................ 63 3.3 Translation .......................................................................................... 63 4. Case Morphology ........................................................................................ 66 4.1 English Case Morphology .................................................................. 66 4.2 Arabic Case Morphology ................................................................... 67 4.3 Implications for Translation .............................................................. 68 5. Tense and Aspect ........................................................................................ 73 5.1 English Tense and Aspect ................................................................... 73 5.2 Arabic Tense and Aspect .................................................................... 76 5.3 Translation from English ................................................................... 78 5.4 Translation from Arabic .................................................................... 94 6. Mood ............................................................................................................ 97 3 6.1 English Mood ...................................................................................... 97 6.2 Arabic Mood ........................................................................................ 98 6.3 Translation from English ................................................................. 101 6.4 Translation from Arabic: ................................................................. 103 7. Transitivity ................................................................................................ 106 7.1 Transitivity in English ...................................................................... 106 7.2 Transitivity in Arabic ....................................................................... 106 7.3 Transaltion from English ................................................................. 107 7.4 Translation from Arabic .................................................................. 108 8. Voice ........................................................................................................... 110 8.1 English Voice ..................................................................................... 110 8.2 Arabic Voice ...................................................................................... 111 8.3 Translation from English ................................................................. 112 8.4 Translation from Arabic .................................................................. 113 9. Comparison ............................................................................................... 116 9.1 English Comparison ......................................................................... 116 9.2 Arabic Comparison ........................................................................... 117 9.3 Translation from English ................................................................. 118 9.4 Transaltion from Arabic .................................................................. 119 Derivation .............................................................................................................. 121 1. English Derivation .................................................................................... 122 1.1 Prefixation ......................................................................................... 123 1.2 Suffixation ......................................................................................... 123 2. Arabic Derivation ..................................................................................... 125 2.2 metathesis .......................................................................................... 125 126 .............................................. ( اﻻﺷﺘﻘﺎق اﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮ ) Simple Derivation 2.3 3. Comparison ........................................................................................... 131 4. Transaltion from English ..................................................................... 131 Compounding ........................................................................................................ 139 1. English Compounds ....................................................................................... 140 2. Arabic Compounds ........................................................................................ 145 2.1 Primary Copmounds ........................................................................ 146 2.2 Secondary Compounds ..................................................................... 146 3. Comparison .................................................................................................... 149 4. Translation from English .............................................................................. 149 Word-Formation Processes .................................................................................. 156 1. Acronyms ........................................................................................................ 156 2. Abbreviations ................................................................................................ 157 3. Word Coinage=neologisms=word manufacture ......................................... 157 4 4. Blends ......................................................................................................... 158 5. Back-formations ........................................................................................ 159 6. Shortening (clipping) ................................................................................ 159 7. Extention .......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 8. Conversion ................................................................................................. 161 9. Onomotopoeia ................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 10. Borrowings ............................................................................................ 162 5 PREFACE I taught a course in Contrastive Analysis to undergraduate students majoring in translation several times. The course aimed at developing a contrastive analysis of English and Arabic for use by prospective English- Arabic and Arabic-English translators. The aim of the contrastive study was to produce a systematic comparison of salient