Dec. 26, 1939. M. MALLORY 2,184,357 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed May 4, 1938 Ey 2a 27 SHQ: mmá Patented Dec. 26, 1939 ,i357 ' vUNITED STATES PATENT QFFICE 2,184,357 INTERNAL coMBUs'rroN ENGINE Marion Mallory, Detroit, Micli. Application May 4, 1938, Serial No. 206,052 ` _ 10 Claims. (Cl. 12B-32) This invention relates to vnew and useful im the engine cylinders and showing the charge provements in an internal combustion engine of~ forming devices partly in'section and partly in the type which comprises a primary firing pocket elevation. 7 from which an electrically ignited charge is pro Fig. 2 is an enlarged section .taken on the line jected into the main combustion chamber at the 2-2 of Fig. 1. Y 6 upper end of the cylinder to ignite the charge Fig. 3 is an enlarged detail view of the throttle therein. Thus a low grade fuel may be used for valves, showing their positions with relation to the main charge with the assurance that it will leach other. be properly ignited. This main fuel charge is Fig. 4 is a section along the line 4-4 of Fig. 1. 10 usually injected in liquid-form when the piston The drawing shows one of the engine cylinders l@ is near the end of its compression stroke. 5, in which a piston 6 is reciprocable by means of In engines o'f this type as heretofore con- Y a piston rod 'I connected with a crank shaft 3 structed, the outlet from the firing Apocket ter operating in the usual manner in a crank case 9. minates at the wall surface ofthe main com It is to be understood that the engine may have bustion chamber or in a recess of said chamber. any desired number of such cylinders. The main The main fuel charge, especially if it is injected, combustion chamber 50 is directly above the pis is apt to condense around the surface of the com >ton 6 and a primary ñring pocket I Ucommunicates bustion chamber and piston head, so that it is too therewith through a restricted nozzle` I I, which rich to be readily ignited and burned, and I have ' projects into the main combustion chamber and 20 found that if the projected flame emerges at a terminates near the center thereof. The main point adjacent to such surfaces, the ignition is combustion chamber and the iiring'pocket are very erratic, the explosion is not smoothv and the provided with spark plugs I2 and I3 respectively. detonation is bad. ‘ Fuel mixture is supplied to the primary firing` One object of the invention is to eliminate this pocket I0 from a carburetor I4 through an'in- I 25 diiiiculty by extending the outlet nozzle from the take passage I5, the admission of such mixture firing pocket to a point near the center of the to the pocket being controlled by an intake valve main combustion chamber. Thus the combustion I6. The main _combustion chamber 50 is provided ~ of the main charge begins at the center, at a with an air intake I'I controlled by an intake point where there are no cold surfaces to cause -, valve I8, and under certain operating conditions, 30 condensation, and ­progresses in all directions. as hereinafter explained, this intake also may de This insures _complete and uniform combustion. liver a carburetted mixture.v It will be under- « It is a further object of the invention to pre stood that the main combustion chamber is ex vent condensationagainst the walls of the igni hausted inthe conventional manner, but it is not tion pocket by providing a restriction or venturi necessary to provide an exhaust port for the 35 between the inlet valve and the spark gap, there pocket I0 because the residual gases left therein 63 by directing the atomized charge toward the cen» will be a negligible factor in the operation of ter of the pocket. ’ the engine. _ . ' . At further object of the invention is to provide The intake valves ISand IB are held normally means whereby the engine'idles onran- atomized closed by springs I9 and 20 respectively and are 40 charge drawn directly from the carburetor into adapted to be opened simultaneously by a rocker 4o the main combustion chamber, and when the arm 2l, which is operated in the usual manner. throttle .is opened, air alone is drawn into said It has been found that the valve I6 tends to de chamber and supplemented by an injection of fuel iiect the fuel mixture against the walls of the oil. > ' i“ pocket I0, and this might at times cause conden 45 A still further object of the invention is to ar sation. It is desirable, therefore, to provide a re- 4 . range the throttle valves so as to delay the open striction or small venturi 22 between the /valve ing of the air inlet to the main combustion cham I6 and the spark plug I3. .This deñects the mix ber, when lthe throttle is opened, thus maintain ture back toward the center of the pocket and ing suction through the inlet to the firing pocket speeds up its flow, thus producing better atomiza 50 to aid acceleration. ~ ‘ " A tion of the primaryiiring charge in the vicinity 50 The above and other objects of the invention of the spark plug and a, consequent improvement and ‘the means by which they are attained will be in ignition. more fully explained in connection with the ac The mixture passage I5 leading to the ignition companying drawing, .in which pocket I0 has an air intake 23. A fuel conduit 55 Fig. 1 is a section taken centrally of one of 24 leading from the bowl of the carburetor I4 ter 2 2,184,357 minates in a nozzle 25 within a venturi 26 with pletelyburn the rich mixture contiguous to the which the passage I5 is provided. A throttle metal surfaces. By terminating the outlet from valve 21 secured to a shaft 28 is located within the firing chamber at or near thev center of the the passage I5 on the engine side of the ven main charge and away from metal surfaces, mis-~ turi 26. ñring and smoking are eliminated. The com The passage I1 has an air intake 29 and a bustion is complete and this also eliminates> dilu throttle valve 30 within this-passage 'is secured to tion of the engine lubrication. ~ the shaft 28. Thus both valves 21 and 38 are se At this point it may be noted that if the rota cured to the same shaft. As shown particularly tion of the crank shaft is clockwise, as shown 10 in Fig. 3, these valves are so disposed that the in Fig. l, the cylinder is offset to the left of the 10 opening of the valve 30 will not be as much, crank shaft center.« As a result, the increase in _ measured in degrees, as that of the valve 21, for volume of the combustion chamber will be more a purpose hereinafter explained. A fuel tube 3I rapid at the beginning o-f the downward stroke, opens into the passage I1 just below the valve 30 but not so rapid toward the end of the stroke. 15 and has an intake 32 from the carburetor bowl This is especially desirable for high compression and an air bleed 33, so that fuel mixture, rather engines using flame for ignition, which causes than air alone, may be supplied directly to the rapid expansion, because the rapid movement of main combustion chamber when the throttle is set , the piston immediately after combustion starts, for idling or very low speed. expands the combustion chamber and this pre For high speed or power operation, a charge of vents undue rise in pressure which would cause , liquid fuel is supplied to the main combustion detonation. l chamber through an injector 34 from a pump 35 For idling, both valves 21 and 30 are substan and the quantity injected is controlled by i a tially closed and the fuel mixture charge islsup metering pin 36. _The throttle valve shaft 2B is plied through the idle jet 3| to the intake pas provided with an actuating arm 31 and also with sage I1 on the engine side of the throttle valve 30. an arm 38 which carries a depending dog 39 ' The spark plug I2 is mainly for the purpose of having a lip 40 disposed beneath a corresponding igniting this charge. In closing the throttle, the lip 4I on the upper end of the metering pin. It valves 21 and 30 and the metering pin 36 all move will be understood, therefore, that the injection in'unison until thev metering pin is completely 30 metering pin is normally closed until the throttle closed, after which the valves have some _further 80 is opened to a predetermined extent. Then, as movement. Injection for idling has never been _ they throttle is opened wider, the metering pin satisfactory because of difficulties in'making the begins to open. The metering pin also closes in pump delicate enough. If the holes in the in advance of the throttle. jector were made large enough to admit fuel for In the operation of this engine, both throttle full power, fuel for idling would'` be admitted at 35 valves 21 and 30 and the metering pin 36 are such low velocity that it would not be atomized. moved in unison except at the beginning'of the This would cause smoking. poor combustion and throttle opening; that is, each of these elements many disadvantages resulting therefrom.