HISTORICAL REVIEW Stump Speaking See Page 339 „L Y 1956 rly By e State Historical Society of Missouri COLUMBIA, MISSOURI THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI The State Historical Society of Missouri, heretofore organized under the laws of this State, shall be the trustee of this State.—Laws of Missouri, 1899, R. S. of Mo., 1949, Chapter 183. OFFICERS 1953-1956 L. M. WHITE, Mexico, President GEORGE ROBB ELLISON, Jefferson City, First Vice-President RUSH H. LIMBAUGH, Cape Girardeau, Second Vice-President HENRY A. BUNDSCHU, Independence, Third Vice-President BARTLETT BODER, St. Joseph, Fourth Vice-President RAY V. DENSLOW, Trenton, Fifth Vice-President W. C HEWITT, Shelbyville, Sixth Vice-President R. B. PRICE, Columbia, Treasurer FLOYD C SHOEMAKER, Columbia, Secretary and Librarian TRUSTEES Permanent Trustees, Former Presidents of the Society ALLEN MCREYNOLDS, Carthage E. E. SWAIN, Kirksville GEORGE A. ROZIER, Jefferson City G. L. ZWICK, St. Joseph Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1956 F. C BARNHILL, Marshall RALPH P. JOHNSON, Osceola FRANK P. BRIGGS, Macon ALBERT L. REEVES, Kansas City W. C HEWITT, Shelbyville ROY D. WILLIAMS, Boonville STEPHEN B. HUNTER, Cape Girardeau GEORGE C WILLSON, St. Louis Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1957 RALPH P. BIEBER, St. Louis L. E. MEADOR, Springfield ARTHUR V. BURROWES, St. Joseph JOSEPH H. MOORE, Charleston *WM. P. ELMER, Salem ISRAEL A. SMITH, Independence LAURENCE J. KENNY, S. J., St. Louis HENRY C THOMPSON, Bonne Terre Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1958 CHESTER A. BRADLEY, Kansas City FRANK L. MOTT, Columbia RAY V. DENSLOW, Trenton GEORGE H. SCRUTON, Sedalia GEORGE ROBB ELLISON. Jefferson City JAMES TODD, Moberly ALFRED O. FUERBRINGER, St. Louis T. BALLARD WATTERS, Marshfield EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE The twenty-eight Trustees, the President and the Secretary of the Society, the Governor, Secretary of State, State Treasurer, and President of the University of Missouri constitute the Executive Committee. FINANCE COMMITTEE Five members of the Executive Committee appointed by the President of the Society at each annual meeting of the Executive Committee constitute the Finance Committee. E. E. SWAIN, Kirksville, Chairman GEORGE A. ROZIER, Jefferson City ELMER ELLIS, Columbia L. M. WHITE, Mexico T. BALLARD WATTERS, Marshfield •Deceased. Missouri Historical Review Floyd C. Shoemaker, Editor Volume L July 1956 Number Four The Missouri Historical Review is published quarterly at 119 S. Elson Street, Kirksville, Missouri, Communications pertaining to the publication should he addressed to 119 S. Elson Street, Kirksville, Missouri, or to Floyd C. Shoemaker, The State Historical Society of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri. The Review is sent free to all members of the State Historical Society of Missouri. Membership dues in the Society are $1,00 a year, or S20 for a life membership. The Society assumes no responsibility for statements made by contributors to the magazine. Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office at Kirksville, Missouri, under an act of August 24, 1912. MORE COMMENTS ON THE SOCIETY AND THE REVIEW The January Review was the most attractive yet.—H. A. TREXLER, Dallas, Texas. I have a friendly criticism of your publication. It doesn't come out often enough!—CHARLES DE LA HAYE, St. Louis. Words fail me when I attempt to describe my keen enjoyment of the January Review.— MRS. R. L. MOTLEY, Bowling Green. I think the Review improves with every issue. All Missourians should be proud of the fine work the Society is doing.—BILLY L. BAILEY, Kansas City. The January, 1956, Missouri Historical Review came yesterday. It is splendid. I read every word.—MRS. P. B. JOHNSTON, Lincoln, Illinois. I know of no better way for my son to keep up with the history of his native State than receiving the Review.—MRS. OLIVIA BOUDREAU, New London. Through the Review I feel I am getting to know my native State and realize how rich it is in history as well as being a beauty spot of these United States.—EMOLENE PARISI, Hollywood, California. I am enjoying the Missouri Historical Review no end.—JUSTIN TOLMAN, Liberty, Missouri. Congratulations on the fine work of the State Historical Society and for having it appreciated now.—MRS. ETHEL MASSIE WITHERS, Liberty. I am always much interested in the Review.—SCOTT CHIPPS, St. Joseph. Each issue of the Review seems to be more interesting than the last, and it is to be congratulated upon such an achievement.—MRS. OKLA H. LUCAS, Fayette. I thoroughly enjoyed your articles on the proslavery fight for Kansas last year. I was brought up in Kansas, on the other side of the fence!—CHARLES F. REHKOPF, St. Louis. I wish to congratulate you on the excellent Review. I look forward eagerly to each publication and frequently find myself wishing it arrived each month instead of quarterly.—MRS. EDWARD B. CURTIS, Alamosa, Colorado. I am very highly impressed with your excellent work.—EDWARD L. SCHEUFLER, Kansas City. The State Historical Society of Missouri is publishing one of the best historical magazines in the United States.—WALTER F. LACKEY, LOW Gap, Arkansas. May I take this opportunity to voice my approval of the Review? We are grateful to Mr. R. S. Withers who enrolled us for the first time.—SAM C. CHAPMAN, Liberty. I haven't the slightest intention of missing my copy of the one bit of reading I enjoy more than all else.—TOM M. MC CLUSKEY, Richmond. I would like to take this opportunity of saying how much I enjoy reading each issue of the Review. I think it is one of the most attractive magazines ever published.—ROBERT F. HARDIN, St. Louis. I very much enjoy the Review and continue to be interested in Missouri and her history after thirty-five years of residence in Mexico.—MRS. F. J. HEUGEL, Mexico City. It is nice to have your magazine in the office for our own pleasure, and quite often we loan a copy to the various principals and superintendents of the schools of the county. It is a very worth while publication.—ELMO INGENTHRON, Forsyth. I do not want to miss one copy of the Review. I am learning a great deal about our State and enjoying every article. Enclosed is one dollar for another year of interesting and educational reading.—MRS. J. C. BUCHER, Kansas City. Contents Page DAVID RICE ATCHISON, FRONTIER POLITICIAN. By William E. Parrish 339 CULTURE AND THE MISSOURI FRONTIER. By John Francis McDermott 355 OLD BARRY COUNTY, MOTHER OF EIGHT SOUTHWEST MISSOURI COUNTIES. By Floyd C. Shoemaker 371 SINGING. By Robert Steele Withers 381 PRIVATE LAND CLAIMS IN MISSOURI. Part III. By Lemont K. Richardson.. .387 VIGNETTES OF FAMOUS MISSOURIANS 400 HISTORICAL NOTES AND COMMENTS 408 A Personal Message from the Secretary 408 Members Active in Increasing the Society's Membership 409 New Members of the State Historical Society 411 Fort Orleans Highway Marker Dedication 413 Hermann Highway Marker Dedication 414 The George Pohlman Collection 415 Activities of Local Historical Societies 416 Monuments and Memorials 418 Notes 419 Historical Publications 422 Books in Brief 424 Obituaries 425 MISSOURI HISTORY NOT FOUND IN TEXTBOOKS 428 WILLIAM B. MCGREGOR Verso Back Cover PROGRESS OF THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION Back Cover Illustrations Page ATCHISON, DAVID RICE. Portrait by George C. Bingham 349 BATES, FREDERICK. Strauss Portrait from Drawing by Charles Marks 393 CLARK, CHAMP 401 CLARK, CHAMP, STATUE AT BOWLING GREEN 402 CONFEDERATE CAPITOL AT CASSVILLE 374 GENTNER HOUSE IN HERMANN 408 HARDIN, CHARLES H 404 HARDIN, CHARLES H., HIS BOYHOOD HOME IN COLUMBIA 405 HEMPSTEAD, EDWARD 391 HUSMANN, GEORGE 406 LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION, PROGRESS OF. By O. E. Berninghaus. Property of August A. Busch, Jr., St. Louis County Back Cover LISA, MANUEL 389 LUNETTE FROM THE SOCIETY'S BOOKPLATE 400 MCGREGOR, WILLIAM B Verso Back Cover MARBUT, CURTIS FLETCHER 379 MORMON ENCAMPMENT ON THE MISSOURI RIVER. From Mayhew's The Mormons or the Latter Day Saints, 1851 342 OLD WIRE ROAD MARKER AT CASSVILLE 375 POTOSI. From H. R. Schoolcraft's Scenes . of the Ozark Mountains of Missouri and Arkansas, 1853 367 QUILTING PARTY. From Harper's Weekly, April 13, 1861 366 ST. LOUIS IN 1832. Painting by George Catlin 357 ST. LOUIS, CATHEDRAL. By Leon Pomarede 361 ST. LOUIS, THEATRE, 1837. By J. C. Wild 363 SCHOOLHOUSE, LOG, IN BARRY COUNTY 376 STUMP SPEAKING. Engraving by Gautier of painting by George C. Bingham. The painting is property of Boatmen's National Bank, St. Louis Cover WINE CELLAR AT HERMANN 407 DAVID RICE ATCHISON, FRONTIER POLITICIAN BY WILLIAM E. PARRISH* In the tempestuous decade of the 1850's, David Rice Atchison of Missouri stands out as one of the most controversial figures on the American scene. Although this native-born Kentuckian ably served the State of Missouri as soldier, legislator, and judge and represented its interests in the Senate of the United States from 1843 to 1855, people remember him today primarily as the "President for one day" or as the leader of the * 'border ruffians" during the Kansas civil war. Yet from the beginning of his senatorial career, Atchison vigor­ ously promoted westward expansion. His efforts to encourage the settlement of Oregon during the 1840's won him early recognition by his colleagues who evidenced their appreciation of his leadership by electing him president pro-tempore of the Senate in 1846, less than three years after he had become a member of that body. The Senate consistently re-elected Atchison to this position by unanimous vote until 1850 when he stepped down for a brief period only to be returned to the post in 1852, again by unanimous ballot, for another two years. During the 1850's, Atchison became one of the leading propo­ nents of the states' rights doctrine of John C.