.rM* 'v^ w^^. \^: % >^ v>3 ^J. v^^^r^4;^ i^'^-r \^ .4 Si SMITHSONIAN I N S T I T H 1 1 ( ) N BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY: J, W. POWELL, DIRECTOR BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE CHINOOKAl LANGUAGES {INCLUDINd THE VHINOOK JARGON) BY JAMES CONSTANTINE PILLINa WASHINGTON G O V E K N M E N T P It I N T I N (i OFFICE 18 03 LINGUISTIC BIBLIOGRAPHIES ISSUED BY THE BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY. Smithsonian institution—Bureau of ethnology. Catalogue of lin- guistic manuscri]>ts in the library of the Bureau of ethnology. By James 0. Pilling, In Bureau of ethnology first annual report; half-title as above p. 553, text pp. .555-577, Washington, 1881, royal 8°. Issued separatelj^ with cover title as follows: Catalogue of linguistic manuscripts in the library of the Bureau | | | | of ethnology James C. Pilling (Extracted from the first annual by | | | report of the Bureau of ethnology) [Vignette] | | | Washington Government printing office 1881 | | Cover title as above, no inside title, half-title as under entry next above p. 553, text pp. 555-.577, 1'oyal 8°. One hundred copies issued. Smithsonian institution Bureau of ethnology J. W. Powell director — | Proof-sheets of a bibliography of the languages of the North ] | | | | | I American Indians by James Constantine Pilling (Distributed only j | | to collaborators) | Washington Government printing office 1885 | | Title verso blank 1 1. notice (signed .J. W. Powell) p. iii, preface (November 4, 1884) pp. v-viii, introduction pp. ix-x, list of authorities pp. xi-xxxvi, list of libraries re- ferred to by initials pp. xxxvii-xxxviii, list of fac-similes pp. xxxix-xl, text pp. 1-839, additions and corrections pp. 841-1090, index of languages and dialects i)p. 1091-1135, plates, 4°. Arranged alphabetically by name of aiTthor, translator, or first word of title. One hundred and ten copies printed, ten of them on one side of the sheet only. Smithsonian institution Bureau of ethnology : J.W.Powell, director | Bibliography of the Eskimo Constantine | language by James | | | I Pilling [Vignette] I | Washington Government printing office 1887 | | Cover title as above, title as above verso blank 1 1. preface (April 20, 1887) pp. iii-v, text pp. 1-109, chronologic index pp. 111-116, 8 fac-similes, 8°. An edition of 100 copies issued in royal 8°. Smithsonian institution Bureau of ethnology : J. W.Powell, director ( Bibliography of the Siouan languages James Constantine | | by I | | Pilling [Vignette] I | Washington Government printing office 1887 | | Cover title as above, title as above verso l>lank 1 1. preface (September 1, 1887) y)p. iii-v, text pp. 1-82, chronologic index pp. 83-87, 8 '. An edition of 100 copies issued in royal 8'^. ni IV LINGUISTIC BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY. Bureau of ethnology : J. W. Powell, director Smithsonian institution | Iroquoian languages by James Constantine Bibliography of the | | | | I Pilling [Vignette] I | i)rinting office 1888 Government | Washington | Cover title as above, title as above verso blank 1 1. preface (December 15, 1888) pp. iii-vi, text pp. 1-180, addenda pp. 181-189, chronologic index pp. 191-208, 9 fac- similes, 8°. An edition of 100 copies issued in royal 8°. institution Bureau of ethnology : J. W. Powell, director Smithsonian | languages by James Constan- Muskhogean | of the | Bibliography | | I tine Pilling [Vignette] I | printing office 1889 Government | Washington | Cover title as above,title as above verso blank 1 1. preface (May 15, 1889) pp. iii-v, text pp. 1-103, chronologic index pp. 105-114, 8°. An edition of 100 copies issued in royal 8^^. Eliot's Indian bible and on his other notes on | | Bibliographic ] | in the Indian language of Massachusetts translations and works | | Extract from a "Bibliography of the Algonquian languages" | [Vignette] | Government printing office 1890 Washington j j Cover title as above, title as above verso blank 1 1. text pp. 1-58, 21 fac-similes, royal 8°. Forms pp. 127-184 of the Bibliography of the Algonquian languages, title of which follows. Two hundred and fifty copies issued. Smithsonian institution Bureau of ethnology : J. W.Powell, director | of the Algonquian languages by James Constan- Bibliography | | | | I tine Pilling [Vignette] I | printing office 1891 Washington Government | | Cover title as above, title as above verso blank 1 1. preface (June 1, 1891) pp. iii-iv, introduction p. v, index of languages pp. vii-viii, list of fac-similes pp. ix-x, text pp. 1-549, addenda pp. 551-575, chronologic index pp. 577-614, 82 fac-similes, 8°. An edition of 100 copies issued in royal 8°. Smithsonian institution Bureau of ethnology: J. W.Powell, director | Bibliography of the Athapascan languages by James Constan- | | | | I tine Pilling [Vignette] I | office 1892 Government printing | Washington | Cover title as above, title as above verso blank 1 1. [list of] linguistic bibliog- raphies issued by the Bureau of Ethnology pp. iii-iv, preface (June 15, 1892) pp. v-vii, introduction p. ix, index of languages pp. xi-xii, list of fac-similes p. xiii, text pp. 1-112, addenda pp. 113-11.5, chronologic index pp. 117-125, 4 fac-similes, 8^. An edition of 100 copies issued in royal 8'^. PREFACE The designation given the family of languages treated of in this bibliography is based upon the name of a tribe living near the mouth of the Columbia Kiver, from whom a vocabulary was obtained by Gabriel Franchere, of the Pacific Fur Company, about 1812, and pub- lished in his "Relation'" in 1820, under the name Chinouque on Tchinouk. This vocabulary, consisting of thirty-three words, thirteen numerals, and eleven phrases, is given by Gallatin in liis "Synopsis"- with the spelling of the name anglicized to Chinook ; and, though based upon the speech of but a single tribe, it was adopted by him as the name of a family of languages. The family includes a number of tribes whose habitat, to quote from Major Powell,^ "extended fi'om the mouth of the river up its course for some 200 miles, or to The Dalles. According to Lewis and Clarke, our best authorities on the pristine home of tliis family, most of their vil- lages were on the banks of the river, chiefly ujion the northern bank, though they probably claimed the land upon either bank for several miles back. Their villages also extended on the Pacific coast north- ward nearly to the northern extension of Shoalwater Bay, and to the south to about Tilamook Head, some 20 miles from the mouth of the Columbia." As will be seen by reference to the list of tribal names given on a subsequent page, the number of languages embraced within the family is small; and the amount of material recorded under "Chinook'' will be found to more than equal that given under the names of all the other divisions of the family combined. As a matter of fact, but little, comparatively, has been done in the collection of linguistic material relating to this family, a fact all the more surprising when it is considered that they have been long in contact with the whites. There has been no grammar of the language published, and until lately none has been compiled; there is but one printed dictionary—that of Gibbs—and the vocabularies are neither great in length nor wide in scope. There is hope of a better state of ' Eelation d'un A'oyage ii la c6te nord-ouest de I'Am^rique Septentrionale dans lea aniK^es 1810, 1811, 1812, 1813 et 1814. Moatreal, 1820. -Synopsis of the Indian tribes within the United States east of the Rocky Monn- tain8,andinthe British and Russian possessions in North America. Caml)ridge, 1836. ^ludiau linguistic families of America, north of Mexico. Washington, 1891. V VI PREFACE. affairs, however; for Dr. Franz Boas, the latest and most thorough worker in the Chinookan field, has his grammar, dictionary, and texts ill an advanced state of preparation for publication by the Bureau of Ethnology. His material, collected during 1890 and 1891, was gathered none too soon, for, as will be seen by the extract from the introduction to his legends, which he has kindly permitted me to make and Avhich is given on page 7 of this paper, the opportunity for so doing would soon have passed. It needs bat a glance through the accompanying pages to show the preponderance of material, both i)ublished and in manuscript, relating to the Jargon over that of the Chinookan languages proper, a prepon- derance so great that, were it proper to speak of the Jargon as an American language, a change of title to this bibliography would be necessary. Made up as it is from several Indian tongues, the Chinookan, Salishan, Wakashan, and Shahaptian principally, and from at least two others, the English and the French, the Chinook Jargon might wath almost equal propriety have been included in a bibliography of any one of the other native languages entering into its composition. It is made a part of the Chinookan primarily because of its name and secondarily from the fact th at that family has contributed a much greater number of words to its vocabulary than has any one of the others. Under various authors herein—Blanchet, Demers, Gibbs, Hale, Le Jeune, and others—will be found brief notes relating to the Jargon, trade language, or international idiom, as it is variously called; and the following succinct account of its origin from Dr. George Gibbs,' the first to attempt its comprehensive study, completes its history: The origin of this Jargon, a conventional language similar to the Lingua Franca of the Mediterranean, the Negro-English-Dutch of Surinam, the Pigeon English of China, and several other mixed tongues, dates back to the fur droguers of the last century.