G R A M M A R 03 m ' ' H I N D IJ S TA N I L A N G U A G E , IN T HE ORIENTA L A ND ROMA N C A RA CTER H , W ITH I I NUM E RO US COP PE R-P LATE ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE P E RSIAN A ND DEVANAGARI S Y STEM S OF ALP HABETIC V V BITING a m Is m TO en , A COPIOUS SELECTIONOF EASY EXTRACTS FOR READING, IN T HE I-A A BI A ND D A AGA I A A PERS R C EV N R CH R CTERS, FORM IN G A C OMP LET E IN TR ODUCTION T O u mTori-ma in; A N D BAGH- O-BAHAR ; W H TOG ETHER. IT A V O C A BU L A R Y O F A L L T H E O R D W S , AND VARIOUS EXP LAN ATORY NOTm A NEW DI IO E T N . N A N FORBES D BY DU C L . , L . , ' PROF SS OR O, OBIRH‘I‘AL N GUAG S ND T R ATU R mKIN G S C O G ONDON “ HE RB 0 ! E LA E A LI E E LLE E , L ; O ABIA TIO S OC Y OF GR BR N ND ND THE R Y A T T TA R BI O. L IE EA I I A I ELA . “ E B rmr u n s u n g mmA cormrnr “ ro an a n mmA N NT R ANC mo m me me n E E . 0o e TO sc uoon A N D N OT TO —B O0N . A . L ONDON ' A LLE N C o 13 W A TE RLOO PLA C E S . \V . W H. II. , , , P U B L I S H E R S T O T H E I N D I A O F F I C E . WIS ND SO N PR N N D N REET ONDON. A T R S S W F. ST BU L GS HOOROAT . LE I E A I I , L ELLIOT MA CNA GHTEN ESQ. C A I MA , , H R N, M HEN Y KES D - C OL . W ILLIA R SY U Y CHAI MA , EP T R N, THE D IR E C T OR S - THE HONORA BLE THE EA ST INDIA C OM PA NY , THE O OW IN G W O K F LL R , INTE NDED r o a TO F C L T T E T HE C U S T N O F T H E H N DU T N L N G U G E A I I A A Q I I IO I S A I A A , U L Y D DI A D RE S PECT F L E C TE . BY THE IR M OST OBEDIE NT A DUNC N FORBES. London 20 3 ul 866. 0 J y. 1 P R E F A C E . THE following work has been compiled with a view to enable every one proc eeding. to In dia to acquire a fair kn ow le e of the mst usefulan d mst e ten si el s ok en lan ua e dg , o o x v y p g g f that un f la ma sai t . O te ears a n ew e ra be to o co ry y , y d have commen c ed with regard to the study of the Hin dustani lan ua e it bein ne w imerati e on e er uni r ffi er g g ; , g p v v y j o o c ’ in the C ompan y s service to pass an e xamin ation in that lan ua e bef re h can be eeme ualifi e to mman a g g o e d d q d , co d h l tr or to an . staff a in tment Su h bein th e ase oop , o d y p po . c g c , it is d esirable that e very facility should be afford e d to young men destin e d fo r In dia to acquire at least an elemen tary kno wle e o Hi ustani in this untr so as to be able to dg f nd co y, r se ute the stu rin h p o c dy du g t e voyage. A lar e imres i n of this w rk ha in been e hauste d g p s o o v g x , I ha e a aile mself of the rtunit in this n ew v . v d y oppo y , iti n of ad ti such imrovemen ts as ha e been n aturall Ed o , op ng p , v y ’ u ral e ri hin The lan s ggeste d by se ve years xpe en ce in teac g. p an d arrange men t of the w o rk remain the same as before ; an d a ra hs The so d o the n umbers of the sec tion s an d the p rag p . fi rs e full of the Pe rsi-A rabi al habet t s ti n tr ats. er c o e v y y c p , an h ua n this se ti n d of t e elementary soun d s of the lan g ge . I c o I ha e been ena l d tr du e se eral imr emen ts and v b e to in o c v p ov , , if I mistak e n ot the su e t is n ow so simlifi e that a , bj c p d learn er of ordin ary c apacity will hav e no diffic ulty in mak ing s me r res in this elemen tar art e en if he sh ul n ot o p og s y p , v o d The n e t three se ti ns treat of hav e the aid of a teacher. x c o the arts of s e e h to the efinin an d e lain in of whi h p p c , d g xp g c m lf I ha e areful a i e d I hav e strictly co nfine d yse . v c ly vo d mixin g up the sy ntax o f the language with that p art of the u l t ml i The w o rk which is an d ought to be p re y e y o og cal. v1 PREFA CE . in the s nta with the et ml whi h mod e of con found g y x y o ogy, c ils in mst rammars I ha e alwa s l k e u n as preva o g , v y oo d p o us It is utterl absur to embarrass the highly prepo stero . y d rule of s nta at a sta e of his r ress where stud en t with a y x , g p og ua e w r s of the lan . he probably do es n ot k n ow a do zen o d g g I ha e en erall In the first four section s (up to p . v g y n d hrase with the accompani e d every Hin dustani w ord a p man h ara ters in r er that th e le arn er p ron un ciation in Ro c c , o d uirin the essen tial might n ot be delaye d too lon g in acq g he rammar an d als to uar a ainst his rudimen ts of t g , o g d g n W hen he has con tracting a vicious mo de of p ron un ciatio . he mad e himself acquainte d with what is te chnically c alle d t n e—that is the e len si n of the n un s an d r n un s accid e c , d c o o p o o , — h n u ati n of the erbs he ma after a few erbal an d t e co j g o v y, v r n s res e tin the arran emen t of w r s r ee to in st uctio p c g g o d , p oc d an tran slate a few a es of the S ele ti n s b the aid read d p g c o , y ular This n e he ma rea er the Grammar o f the V ab . oc y do , y d ov arefull fr mthe be innin for in fa t the Grammar an d c y o g g ; , c , assis ea h h er S ele ctions mutually t c ot . V m 92 o 1 35 r of h n a of h fr . t t eats t e S t t e S e ction . ( o p ) y x l n u g This is a rti n o f the w rk in whi h if I a a e . g p o o o , c , do n ot reatl mistak e I ha e ma e man imr ements I g y , v d y p ov .