W O R K E R S O F A L L C O U N T R I E S , U N I T E! L E N I N COLLECTED WORKS 16 A THE RUSSIAN EDITION WAS PRINTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH A DECISION OF THE NINTH CONGRESS OF THE R.C.P.(B.) AND THE SECOND CONGRESS OF SOVIETS OF THE U.S.S.R. ИНCTИTУT МАРÇCИзМА — ЛЕНИНИзМА пpи ЦK KНCC B. n. l d H n H С О Ч И Н E Н И Я И з д a н u е ч е m в е p m o e ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ ИЗДАТЕЛЬСТВО ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ M О С К В А V. I. L E N I N cOLLEcTED WORKS VOLUME 16 September 1909 –December 1910 PROGRESS PUBLISHERS MOSCOW TRANSLATED FROM THE RUSSIAN EDITED BY C L E M E N S D U T T From Marx to Mao M L © Digital Reprints 2010 www.marx2mao.com First printing 1963 Second printing 1967 Third printing 1974 Fourth printing 1977 10102–673 l ÇÜà èÇõÄÉå. 014(01)–77 7 CONTENTS Preface ........................ 13 1909 THE LIQUIDATORS EXPOSED ............... 15 ON THE OPEN LETTER OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE MOSCOW REGIONAL COMMITTEE .............. 23 THE ELECTION IN ST. PETERSBURG. A Comment ....... 24 THE FACTION OF SUPPORTERS OF OTZOVISM AND GOD-BUILDING 29 I ....................... 29 II ....................... 33 III ....................... 37 IV ....................... 43 V ....................... 49 VI ....................... 55 VII ....................... 59 ONCE MORE ON PARTYISM AND NON-PARTYISM ....... 62 A WORD TO THE BOLSHEVIKS OF ST. PETERSBURG ...... 65 NOTE TO THE ARTICLE “THE ST. PETERSBURG ELECTION” ... 76 DRAFT RESOLUTION ON THE CONSOLIDATION OF THE PARTY AND OF ITS UNITY ................... 77 SPEECH AT THE MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIALIST BUREAU ON THE SPLIT IN THE DUTCH SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC LA- BOUR PARTY. From the Report in the “Bulletin” of the I.S.B.. 78 THE TSAR AGAINST THE FINNISH PEOPLE .......... 79 TO PUPILS OF THE CAPRI SCHOOL ............ 82 A SHAMEFUL FIASCO .................. 85 8 CONTENTS SOME SOURCES OF THE PRESENT IDEOLOGICAL DISCORD ... 87 METHODS OF THE LIQUIDATORS AND PARTY TASKS OF THE BOL- SHEVIKS ....................... 95 GOLOS SOTSIAL-DEMOKRATA AND CHEREVANIN ....... 103 THE BOURGEOIS PRESS FABLE ABOUT THE EXPULSION OF GORKY 106 IDEOLOGICAL DECAY AND DISUNITY AMONG RUSSIAN SOCIAL- DEMOCRATS ...................... 107 EXPLANATORY NOTE ON THE DRAFT OF THE MAIN GROUNDS OF THE BILL ON THE EIGHT-HOUR WORKING DAY ...... 110 LETTER TO I. I. SKVORTSOV-STEPANOV ........... 117 CONCERNING VEKHI ................... 123 I ....................... 124 II ....................... 126 THE LAST WORD OF RUSSIAN LIBERALISM ......... 132 THE ELEVENTH SESSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIALIST BUREAU ........................ 140 1910 THE VPERYOD GROUP. A Conspectus ........... 145 TOWARDS UNITY .................... 147 GOLOS (VOICE) OF THE LIQUIDATORS AGAINST THE PARTY Reply to Golos Sotsial-Demokrata ............. 156 WHAT TO FIGHT FOR? .................. 165 THE CAMPAIGN AGAINST FINLAND ............. 171 THEY ARE NERVOUS ABOUT THE ARMY ........... 176 PARTY UNITY ABROAD .................. 185 ONE OF THE OBSTACLES TO PARTY UNITY .......... 189 TO THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE R.S.D.L.P. ...... 191 NOTES OF A PUBLICIST .................. 195 I. The “Platform” of the Adherents and Defenders of Otzovism ................... 197 CONTENTS 9 II. The “Unity Crisis” in Our Party .......... 208 1. Two Views on Unity ............. 209 2. “The Fight on Two Fronts” and the Overcoming of Deviations.................. 215 3. The Terms of Unity and Sectarian Diplomacy .. 219 4. Paragraph I of the Resolution on the State of Affairs in the Party ............. 226 5. The Significance of the December (1908) Resolu- tions and the Attitude of the Liquidators to Them 232 6. The Group of Independent-Legalists ....... 238 7. Pro-Party Menshevism and Its Evaluation..... 251 8. Conclusion. The Platform of the Bolsheviks.... 258 THE JUBILEE NUMBERFROM OF ZIHNA .............MARX 260 DRAFT RESOLUTION ON CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES FROM THE RUSSIAN SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC DELEGATION AT THE COPENHA- GEN CONGRESS .....................TO MAO 265 LETTER TO THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIALIST BUREAU ON THE REPRESENTATION OF THE R.S.D.L.P............. 267 THE VPERYOD FACTION ................. 268 THE QUESTION OF CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES AT THE INTERNA- TIONAL SOCIALIST CONGRESS IN COPENHAGEN........ 275 HOW CERTAIN SOCIAL-DEMOCRATS INFORM THE INTERNA- TIONAL ABOUT THE STATENOT OF AFFAIRS FOR IN THE R.S.D.L.P.. 284 ANNOUNCEMENT ON THE PUBLICATION OF RABOCHAYA GAZETA 289 THE LESSONS OFCOMMERCIAL THE REVOLUTION ............ 296 TWO WORLDS ..................... 305 THE DEMONSTRATIONDISTRIBUTION ON THE DEATH OF MUROMTSEV. A Comment ................... 314 IS THIS THE TURN OF THE TIDE? ............. 320 L. N. TOLSTOY ..................... 323 TO THE COMRADES STUDYING AT THE SCHOOL IN BOLOGNA .. 328 L. N. TOLSTOY AND THE MODERN LABOUR MOVEMENT .... 330 AN OPEN LETTER TO ALL PRO-PARTY SOCIAL-DEMOCRATS ... 333 DIFFERENCES IN THE EUROPEAN LABOUR MOVEMENT ..... 347 I ........................ 347 10 CONTENTS TOLSTOY AND THE PROLETARIAN STRUGGLE ......... 353 THE BEGINNING OF DEMONSTRATIONS ........... 355 WHAT IS HAPPENING IN THE COUNTRYSIDE? ......... 359 IVAN VASILYEVICH BABUSHKIN An Obituary ........ 361 TO THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE ............... 365 HEROES OF “RESERVATION” ............... 368 THE HISTORICAL MEANING OF THE INNER-PARTY STRUGGLE IN RUSSIA ........................ 374 I ....................... 374 II ....................... 380 III ....................... 384 IV ....................... 387 STRIKE STATISTICS IN RUSSIA .............. 393 I ....................... 395 II ....................... 408 THE CAPITALIST SYSTEM OF MODERN AGRICULTURE ..... 423 First article ................... 427 I. A General Picture of the Economic System of Mod- ern Agriculture ................ 429 II. The Real Nature of the Majority of Modern Agricul- tural “Farms” (Proletarian “Farms”) ....... 434 III. Peasant Farms Under Capitalism ......... 437 IV. Labour of Women and Children in Agriculture ... 441 V. Squandering of Labour in Small-Scale Production .. 441 VI. The Capitalist Character of the Use of Machinery in Modern Agriculture .............. 441 VII. The Low Productivity of Labour in Small-Scale Production and Excessive Work ......... 442 Notes ......................... 447 The Life and Work of V. I. Lenin. Outstanding Dates .... 475 CONTENTS 11 ILLUSTRATIONS Portrait of V. I. Lenin. 1910 ...............14-15 First page of Lenin’s manuscript “Announcement on the Publi- cation of Rabochaya Gazeta”, October 1910 ......... 287 First page of Rabochaya Gazeta No. 1, October 30 (November 12), 1910, with Lenin’s lending article “The Lessons of the Revolu- tion” ......................... 297 First page of the newspaper Zvezda No. 1, 1910 ....... 345 Diagram of the number of strikers per quarter, 1910 ....400-401 First page of the manuscript of the article “The Capitalist System of Modern Agriculture”, 1910 ........... 425 13 PREFACE Volume 16 contains works written by V. I. Lenin in the period from September 1909 to December 1910. The volume consists mainly of articles and documents devoted to the struggle for the Party and its revolutionary principles, against the two kinds of opportunism in the Party: the liquidators, the “direct opponents of the Party”, and the otzovists, the “hidden enemies of the Party”, as well as against the conciliators, who served as a screen for both kinds of opportunists. The articles “The Liquidators Exposed”, “Methods of the Liquidators and Party Tasks of the Bolsheviks”, “Golos Sotsial-Demokrata and Cherevanin”, and “Golos (Voice) of the Liquidators Against the Party” are devoted to the struggle against liquidationism—the agency of the liberal bourgeoisie in the Party. The articles “The Faction of Supporters of Otzovism and God-building”, “A Word to the Bolsheviks of St. Peters- burg”, “A Shameful Fiasco” and “The Vperyod Faction”, are directed against otzovism and ultimatumism. The work “Notes of a Publicist” gives an appraisal of the decisions of the plenary session of the C.C. of the R.S.D.L.P. in January 1910 and an account of the struggle at the ple- nary session against the liquidators, Trotskyists and con- ciliators. The articles “The Eleventh Session of the International Socialist Bureau”, “The Question of Co-operative Societies at the International Socialist Congress in Copenhagen”, “Two Worlds”, and “Differences in the European Labour Movement” are directed against opportunism in the Euro- pean labour movement, against the treacherous policy of the leaders of the Second International. 14 PREFACE The articles “The Historical Meaning of the Inner-Party Struggle in Russia” and “Strike Statistics in Russia” are devoted to a study of the experience of the Revolution of 1905-07. Included in this volume are eight documents published in the Collected Works for the first time: “To Pupils of the Capri School”, which reveals the anti-Party activity of the Capri school; “Ideological Decay and Disunity Among Russian Social-Democrats”; “The Vperyod Group”; “Announcement on the Publication of Rabochaya Gazeta”; “An Open Letter to All Pro-Party Social-Democrats” with an exposition of the inner-Party situation after the January plenum of the C.C. of the R.S.D.L.P. in 1910; and two statements to the Central Committee of the R.S.D.L.P. Like the majority of the works in this volume, these docu- ments are devoted to the struggle for the Party, the struggle on two fronts. Among the newly included articles is a large work of Lenin’s, “The Capitalist System of Modern Agriculture”, written at the end of 1910. The manuscript of this work has not yet been found in its entirety. The end of