Demonstrating,Demonstrating,Demonstrating, representing, representing,representing, or oror showing showingshowing is isis at atat the thethe heart heartheart StudienStudienStudien zurzurzur Deutsch-AmerikanischenDeutsch-AmerikanischenDeutsch-Amerikanischen ofofof every everyevery educational educationaleducational action. action.action. Historical HistoricalHistorical representations representationsrepresentations ononon screen screenscreen and andand stage stagestage do dodo not notnot “teach” “teach”“teach” us usus history historyhistory but butbut rather ratherrather BildungsgeschichteBildungsgeschichteBildungsgeschichte /// StudiesStudiesStudies ininin influenceinfluenceinfluence ourourour ideas ideasideas andandand interpretations interpretationsinterpretations ofofof it. it.it. TheTheThe contri-contri-contri- German-AmericanGerman-AmericanGerman-American EducationalEducationalEducational HistoryHistoryHistory butionsbutionsbutions to toto this thisthis volume volumevolume explore exploreexplore the thethe depiction depictiondepiction of ofof history historyhistory ininin theater theatertheater and andand film filmfilm from fromfrom the thethe intersection intersectionintersection ofofof historicalhistoricalhistorical scholarship,scholarship,scholarship, aesthetics, aesthetics,aesthetics, memory memorymemory studies, studies,studies, and andand educa- educa-educa- tion.tion.tion. They TheyThey examine examineexamine the thethe creation creationcreation of ofof historical historicalhistorical images, images,images, filmfilmfilm productionproductionproduction andandand reception, reception,reception, the thethe scriptwritingscriptwritingscriptwriting process,process,process, educationaleducationaleducational programming, programming,programming, and andand depictions depictionsdepictions of ofof German- German-German- AmericanAmericanAmerican encounters. encounters.encounters. Above AboveAbove all allall else, else,else, they theythey explore exploreexplore how howhow variousvariousvarious theatrical theatricaltheatrical and andand filmic filmicfilmic productionsproductionsproductions showshow show history historyhistory ratherratherrather than thanthan tell telltell it. it.it. StudienStudienStudien zur zurzur Deutsch-Amerikanischen Deutsch-AmerikanischenDeutsch-Amerikanischen Bildungsge- Bildungsge-Bildungsge- schichteschichteschichte / / / Studies StudiesStudies in inin German-American German-AmericanGerman-American Educational EducationalEducational HistoryHistoryHistory Show, Don’t Tell Show, Don’t Tell Show, Don’t Tell TheTheThe editors editorseditors / Dr.Dr.Dr. Tim TimTim Zumhof ZumhofZumhof (*1984) (*1984)(*1984) is isis research researchresearch assistantassistantassistant at atat the thethe Institute InstituteInstitute of ofof Educa- Educa-Educa- TimTimTim ZumhofZumhofZumhof tionaltionaltional Research ResearchResearch and andand the thethe Center CenterCenter NicholasNicholasNicholas K.K.K. JohnsonJohnsonJohnson forforfor German-American German-AmericanGerman-American Educational EducationalEducational Zumhof / Zumhof Zumhof / (eds.)(eds.)(eds.) HistoryHistoryHistory at atat the thethe University UniversityUniversity of ofof Münster. Münster.Münster. Johnson (eds.) NicholasNicholasNicholas K. K.K. Johnson JohnsonJohnson (*1989) (*1989)(*1989) is isis Johnson (eds.) Johnson (eds.) Show,Show,Show, Don’tDon’tDon’t TellTellTell DeputyDeputyDeputy Head, Head,Head, Center CenterCenter for forfor German- German-German- AmericanAmericanAmerican Educational EducationalEducational History HistoryHistory at atat the thethe EducationEducationEducation and andand Historical HistoricalHistorical Representations RepresentationsRepresentations UniversityUniversityUniversity of ofof Münster. Münster.Münster. ononon Stage StageStage and andand Screen ScreenScreen in inin Germany GermanyGermany and andand the thethe USA USAUSA 978-3-7815-2397-5978-3-7815-2397-5978-3-7815-2397-5 999783781783781783781 523975 523975 523975 Zumhof / Johnson Show, Don’t Tell Studien zur Deutsch-Amerikanischen Bildungsgeschichte Studies in German-American Educational History General Editor Jürgen Overhoff Tim Zumhof Nicholas K. Johnson (eds.) Show, Don’t Tell Education and Historical Representations on Stage and Screen in Germany and the USA Verlag Julius Klinkhardt Bad Heilbrunn • 2020 This volume was published in cooperation with the Center for German-American Educational History at the University of Münster. Titel entstand in Kooperation mit der „Arbeitsstelle für Deutsch-Amerikanische Bildungsgeschichte”. Dieser Titel wurde in das Programm des Verlages mittels eines Peer-Review-Verfahrens aufgenommen. Für weitere Informationen siehe www.klinkhardt.de. Bibliografi sche Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen National bibliografi e; detaillierte bibliografi sche Daten sind im Internet abrufbar über http://dnb.d-nb.de. 2020.lg. © by Julius Klinkhardt. Bildnachweis Umschlagseite 1: © Francis Miller (1961). Peter Fonda in theater audience seats at Omaha Nebraska Community Playhouse. The LIFE Picture Collection via Getty Images. – The cover photo is used for illustrative purposes only and does not represent an endorsement by the Peter Fonda estate. Druck und Bindung: AZ Druck und Datentechnik, Kempten. Printed in Germany 2020. Gedruckt auf chlorfrei gebleichtem alterungsbeständigem Papier. Die Publikation (mit Ausnahme aller Fotos, Grafi ken und Abbildungen) ist veröffent- licht unter der Creative Commons-Lizenz: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ ISBN 978-3-7815-5828-1 Digital doi.org/10.35468/5828 ISBN 978-3-7815-2397-5 Print | 5 Table of Contents Nicholas K. Johnson and Tim Zumhof “Are you not entertained?” – Education, Entertainment, and Historical Representations on Stage and Screen in Germany and the USA, an Introduction .......................7 Tim Zumhof Historical Culture, Public History, and Education in Germany and the United States of America. A Comparative Introduction to Basic Concepts and Fields of Research............15 Jürgen Overhoff “Geschichte ist etwas Fließendes.” Lion Feuchtwanger’s Changing Understanding of History and the Role of the Stage: From his Earliest Theatrical Productions to his Play Waffen für Amerika (1943/44) ........................................................31 Simon Richter Duell an der Havel: Fritz von Unruh’s Depiction of Eighteenth-Century Prussian-American Relations ...........................................................................49 Alissa Rubinstein The 614th Commandment: A Documentary Play about how American Jews Feel about Germany Today .....................................................................................63 Wolfgang Hochbruck Living History as an Educational Tool and Method in North America and Germany ......................................................................81 Stephanie Johns Theatre, Education, and Public History: Teaching History at the Stratford Festival ........................................................98 6 | Table of Contents Felix Apel Hollywood’s Influence on the Transmission of Historical Images: Lars Kraumes’ Der Staat gegen Fritz Bauer .....................................................115 Thorsten Carstensen Learning from John Ford: History, Geography, and Epic Storytelling in the Works of Peter Handke .......................................................................131 Raymond Haberski, Jr. The Passion of Richard Schickel: What We Expect from War Films ...............160 Nicholas K. Johnson “A classroom history lesson is not going to work”: HBO’s Conspiracy and Depicting Holocaust Perpetrators on Film .................172 Table of Figures .............................................................................................197 List of Contributors ......................................................................................199 Index ............................................................................................................201 Acknowledgements .......................................................................................207 | 7 Nicholas K. Johnson and Tim Zumhof “Are you not entertained?” – Education, Entertainment, and Historical Representations on Stage and Screen in Germany and the USA, an Introduction In 2000, Ridley Scott revived the presumed dead swords-and-sandal movie genre with his Oscar-winning movie Gladiator. In this film, the Roman general Maxi- mus, played by Russell Crowe, is to succeed the dying emperor Marcus Aurelius, (Richard Harris). But his son Commodus, played by Joaquin Phoenix, wants to prevent this. He kills his father and orders the execution of Maximus and his fam- ily. Maximus manages to escape and is captured by slave traders. Thereafter, he must fight as a gladiator. In the end, he arrives at the Coliseum and takes revenge on Commodus. The movie is probably less inspired by ancient history than by film history. It is “reel history” rather than “real history.” Commodus’ death at the end of the movie is inspired by Anthony Mann’s The Fall of the Roman Empire(1964), starring Christopher Plummer as Commodus. Scott confessed that epic movies from the 1950s and 1960s like Ben Hur (1959) or Stanley Kubrick’s Spartacus (1960) heavi- ly influenced his visuals. David Franzoni, the screenwriter of Gladiator, even noted that the film itself was partly about modern anxieties over the power of popular entertainment.1 He noted that “[t]he movie is about