Sava River Basin Management Plan Sava River Basin Management Plan Background paper No. 9 Integration of water protection with other developments in the Sava River Basin (Floods, Navigation, Hydropower, Agriculture) version 3.0 Zagreb November 2011 Sava River Basin Management Plan Table of Contents 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 5 2 Linking Flood Risk Management and River Basin Management in the Sava River Basin .......................................................................................... 5 2.1 Background .................................................................................................................... 5 2.2 Setting the scene ........................................................................................................... 7 2.3 Floods in the Sava RB .................................................................................................. 8 2.4 Flood management in the Sava RB ......................................................................... 9 2.4.1 Floodplains ................................................................................................................. 9 2.4.2 Flood defences ........................................................................................................... 9 2.4.3 Targets and measures ......................................................................................... 11 2.5 EU Directive on an assessment and management of flood risks .............. 11 2.6 Linking EFD to RBM – potential impacts on ecological status ................... 11 2.7 The way ahead ........................................................................................................... 14 2.8 Best practices to achieve the environmental objectives ............................. 15 2.9 Conclusions ................................................................................................................. 16 2.10 References ................................................................................................................... 17 3 Navigation in the Sava River Basin ........................................................... 18 3.1 Background ................................................................................................................. 18 3.2 Sources of information ............................................................................................ 19 3.2.1 International level ................................................................................................ 19 3.2.2 National / Sub – basin level ............................................................................... 20 3.3 Recommendation for future actions .................................................................. 20 3.4 Future status of navigation .................................................................................... 21 3.4.1 Transport needs .................................................................................................... 21 3.4.2 Design/construction criteria ............................................................................ 24 3.4.3 Further development of planned works ...................................................... 25 3.5 References ................................................................................................................... 28 4 Hydropower and River Basin Management ........................................... 30 4.1 Background ................................................................................................................. 30 4.2 Setting the scene ........................................................................................................ 30 Background paper on Integration of water protection with other developments in the Sava RB, 2 Sava River Basin Management Plan 4.3 Hydropower and its impacts on the river basin management in the Sava River Basin ........................................................................................................ 30 4.3.1 Hydropower in the Sava River Basin ............................................................. 30 4.3.2 Impacts on longitudinal continuity and habitat interruption ............. 31 4.3.3 Hydrological alterations ..................................................................................... 32 4.3.4 Water use ................................................................................................................. 33 4.3.5 Future infrastructure projects ......................................................................... 33 4.4 Interactions between hydropower and RBM .................................................. 37 4.5 Notes on hydropower development under the WFD .................................... 38 4.6 Conclusions ................................................................................................................. 41 4.7 References ................................................................................................................... 43 5 Integration of water protection with agriculture in the Sava River Basin ........................................................................................................ 44 5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 44 5.1.1 General overview .................................................................................................. 44 5.1.2 Status of agricultural sector in the Sava River Basin .............................. 46 5.2 Pressures and impacts from agriculture on the water status ................... 46 5.2.1 Fertilizers and livestock manure .................................................................... 47 5.2.2 Pesticides .................................................................................................................. 50 5.2.3 Organic pollutants and pathogens .................................................................. 51 5.2.4 Heavy metals ........................................................................................................... 52 5.2.5 Atmospheric decomposition and biological nitrogen fixation ............ 52 5.3 Measures towards integrated RBM management in the Sava RB ............ 53 5.3.1 Technical measures .............................................................................................. 53 5.3.2 Non-technical measures ..................................................................................... 54 5.3.3 Economic instruments ........................................................................................ 55 List of Tables List of Figures Background paper on Integration of water protection with other developments in the Sava RB, 3 Sava River Basin Management Plan List of Tables Table 1: Forecast throughput: new ports of Zagreb (Rugvica) and Brežice ............... 24 Table 2: Prioritized list of projects, studies and policy actions ....................................... 27 Table 3: Basic data on hydropower plants in the Sava River Basin (2005) ................ 32 Table 4: Average nutrient excretion coefficients per head of animal ........................... 48 Table 5: Total number of livestock in the Sava countries .................................................. 48 Table 6: Total amount of Nitrogen production via animal manure in the Sava RB . 48 Table 7: Total amount of Phosphorous production via animal manure in the Sava RB ........................................................................................................................................... 49 List of Figures Figure 1: Indicative map of important flood prone areas along the Sava River (SRBA Report, 2009) ............................................................................................................... 8 Figure 2: Cumulative traffic volume per main segment (minimum and maximum estimated volumes for year 2027) .................................................................................. 23 Figure 3: SCC requirements for a class IV and class Va waterway......................................... 25 Figure 4: General Action Plan implementation lines ................................................................... 26 Figure 5: CAP and EU WFD interlinkage .......................................................................................... 45 Figure 6: OECD elements in calculation of gross nutrient balance ........................................ 50 Background paper on Integration of water protection with other developments in the Sava RB, 4 Sava River Basin Management Plan 1 Introduction A central objective of the WFD is to improve integration between environmental, eco- nomic and social aspects of water management, striking a balance between the often competing claims. This requires more effective coordination between water manage- ment and other sector policies. Hydropower, navigation, agriculture and flood defence are recognised in the EU as important and legitimate water uses policies and initiatives. Therefore within the WFD implementation in the EU a process to secure a better inte- gration of environmental objectives with other policies was initiated. Each sector represents a driver imposing pressures on the water bodies which may cause failure to achieve the environmental objectives. Therefore it is of particular impor- tance that environmental requirements are considered as an integral part of