DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Lawrence H. Wickstrom, Chief Open-File Report 2011-1 Central Ohio’s Geology in Core and Outcrop Workshop II Hosted by Ohio Department of Natural Resources Division of Geological Survey Sponsored by Ohio Geological Society Horace R. Collins Laboratory Delaware, Ohio April 20, 2011 Ohio Department of Natural Resources Division of Geological Survey 2045 Morse Road, Bldg. C-1 Columbus, Ohio 43229-6693 2011 Agenda 9:00–9:05 A.M. Welcome 9:05–9:30 A.M. Geological Survey’s geohazards and geologic mapping programs 9:30–10:00 A.M. Central Ohio geology 10:00–10:15 A.M. Break 10:15–11:00 A.M. Group A exercise: The utility of Geological Survey map products Group B exercise: Core description 101; anatomy of a fact sheet 11:00–11:45 A.M. Group A exercise: Core description 101; anatomy of a fact sheet Group B exercise: The utility of Geological Survey map products 11:45–12:30 P.M. Lunch provided 12:30–2:00 P.M. Group A exercise: Soil Classifi cations—Unifi ed, AASHTO, USDA, ODOT’s version of AASHTO, and Rock Mass Classifi cation ASTM Group B exercise: Utility of fact sheets in fi eld-like settings; group discussion 2:00–2:15 P.M. Break 2:15–3:45 P.M. Group A exercise: Utility of fact sheets in fi eld-like settings; group discussion Group B exercise: Soil Classifi cations—Unifi ed, AASHTO, USDA, ODOT’s version of AASHTO, and Rock Mass Classifi cation ASTM 3:45–4:00 P.M. Questions; workshop evaluation www.OhioGeology.com DISCLAIMER The information contained herein has not been reviewed for technical accuracy and conformity with current ODNR Division of Geological Survey standards for published or open-fi le materials. The ODNR Division of Geological Survey does not guarantee this information to be free from errors, omissions, or inaccuracies and disclaims any responsibility or liability for interpretations or decisions based thereon. Cover image: Berea Sandstone-Sunbury Shale unconformable contact with sulfi de mineralization. Recommended citation: Schumacher, G.A., Angle, M.P., Mott, Brian, and Schmidt, M.A., 2011, Central Ohio's geology in core and outcrop workshop II: Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological Survey Open-fi le Report 2011-1, 44 p. Co-Coordinators Brian Mott Mort Schmidt DLZ Ohio Cox-Colvin & Associates, Inc. 6121 Huntley Road 7750 Corporate Blvd. Columbus, OH 43229 Plain City, OH 43064 (614) 848-4141 (614) 526-2040 [email protected] [email protected] Mike Angle Greg Schumacher Ohio Department of Natural Resources Ohio Department of Natural Resources Division of Geological Survey Division of Geological Survey 2045 Morse Road, Bldg. C-2 H. R. Collins Laboratory Columbus, OH 43229-6693 3307 South Old State Road (614) 265-6602 Delaware, OH 43015 [email protected] (740) 548-7348 [email protected] Mac Swinford Ohio Department of Natural Resources Division of Geological Survey 2045 Morse Road, Bldg. C-1 Columbus, OH 43229-6693 (614) 265-6473 [email protected] Speakers Division of Geological Survey Introduction to Geohazards and Geologic Central Ohio Geology Mapping Programs Mac Swinford Mike Angle Assistant Chief Supervisor, Geologic Mapping Group Ohio Department of Natural Resources Ohio Department of Natural Resources Division of Geological Survey Division of Geological Survey 2045 Morse Road, Bldg. C-1 2045 Morse Road, Bldg. C-2 Columbus, OH 43229-6693 Columbus, OH 43229-6693 (614) 265-6473 (614) 265-6602 [email protected] [email protected] Contents Ohio Department of Transportation soil and rock classifi cation .................................................................. 1 Quick reference for visual description of soils ....................................................................................... 1 Quick reference guide for rock description ............................................................................................ 3 Rock type ............................................................................................................................................... 5 Rock core photo examples ..................................................................................................................... 8 Fact sheet source material .............................................................................................................................. 10 Geologic time scale ........................................................................................................................................ 11 Glacial sand-and-gravel deposits .................................................................................................................... 12 Glacial lacustrine deposits .............................................................................................................................. 14 Glacial till ....................................................................................................................................................... 16 Cuyahoga Formation ..................................................................................................................................... 18 Sunbury Shale ................................................................................................................................................ 20 Berea Sandstone ............................................................................................................................................. 22 Bedford Shale ................................................................................................................................................. 24 Ohio Shale ..................................................................................................................................................... 26 Olentangy Shale ............................................................................................................................................. 28 Delaware Limestone ...................................................................................................................................... 30 Columbus Limestone ..................................................................................................................................... 32 Maps Bedrock Geologic Map of Ohio .................................................................................................................... 34 Glacial Map of Ohio ..................................................................................................................................... 36 Shaded Bedrock-Topography Map of Ohio .................................................................................................. 38 Known and Probable Karst in Ohio ............................................................................................................. 40 Shaded Drift-Thickness Map of Ohio ........................................................................................................... 42 CENTRAL OHIO’S GEOLOGY IN CORE AND OUTCROP WORKSHOP II 1 Ohio Department of Transportation Soil and Rock Classifi cation* QUICK REFERENCE FOR VISUAL DESCRIPTION OF SOILS (1) STRENGTH OF SOIL Noncohesive (granular) soils—Compactness Description Blows per ft. Very loose ≤4 Loose 5–10 Medium dense 11–30 Dense 31–50 Very dense >50 Strength of soil: Cohesive (fi ne-grained) soils—Consistency Description Qu (TSF) Blows per ft. Hand manipulation Very soft <0.25 <2 Easily penetrates 2 in. by fi st Soft 0.25–0.5 2–4 Easily penetrates 2 in. by thumb Medium stiff 0.5–1.0 5–8 Penetrates by thumb with moderate effort Stiff 1.0–2.0 9–15 Readily indents by thumb, but does not penetrate Very stiff 2.0–4.0 16–30 Readily indents by thumbnail Hard >4.0 >30 Indents with diffi culty by thumbnail (2) COLOR If a color is a uniform color throughout, the term is single, modifi ed by an adjective such as light or dark. If the predominate color is shaded by a secondary color, the secondary color precedes the primary color. If two major and distinct colors are swirled throughout the soil, the colors are modifi ed by the term mottled. (3) PRIMARY COMPONENT Use description from Classifi cation of Soils chart on p. 2. (4) COMPONENT MODIFIERS (5) SOIL ORGANIC CONTENT Description Percentage by weight Description Percentage by weight Trace 0–10 Slightly organic 2–4 Little 10–20 Moderately organic 4–10 Some 20–35 Highly organic >10 “And” 35–50 (6) RELATIVE VISUAL MOISTURE Criteria Description Cohesive soil Noncohesive soil Dry Powdery; cannot be rolled; water content well below the plastic limit No moisture present Leaves very little moisture when pressed between fi ngers; crumbles at or be- Internal moisture, but no to little Damp 1 fore rolled to ⁄8 in.; water content below plastic limit surface moisture 1 Leaves small amounts of moisture when pressed between fi ngers; rolled to ⁄8 Free water on surface, moist Moist in. or smaller before crumbling; water content above plastic limit to –3% of (shiny) apperance the liquid limit Very mushy; rolled multiple times to 1⁄ in. or smaller before crumbles; near Voids fi lled with free water; can be Wet 8 or above the liquid limit poured from split spoon *Pages 1–9 of this booklet modifi ed from Specifi cations for Geotechnical Explorations, Appendix A—Soil and Bedrock Classifi cation (p. 109–122), published by the Ohio Department of Transportation (2008). 2 CENTRAL OHIO’S GEOLOGY IN CORE AND OUTCROP WORKSHOP II CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS Ohio Department of Transportation (The classifi cation of a