Ethnic Minority Development Plan Ethnic Minority Development Plan Draft Project Number: 39149 March 2007 PRC: Western Guangxi Roads Development Project Prepared by Guangxi Communications Department for the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The ethnic minority development plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 The Project 1 1.2 Project Components 2 2 OBJECTIVES OF THE EMDP 4 2.1 Objectives 4 2.2 PRC Government Policy, Plans and Programs 4 2.2.1 PRC Policy 4 2.2.2 Government Programs in GZAR 5 2.3 ADB Policy 5 2.3.1 ADB Indigenous Peoples Policy 5 2.3.2 ADB’s Poverty Reduction Strategy 6 3 ETHNIC MINORITIES IN THE PROJECT AREA 6 3.1 Introduction 6 3.1.1 Overview of the Project Area 6 3.1.2 Project Area Population 7 3.2 Ethnic Minority Groups in the Project Area 7 3.2.1 Zhuang People 8 3.2.2 Miao People 9 3.2.3 Yao People 9 3.2.4 Yi, Gelao and Mulao 10 3.3 Poverty in the Project Area 10 3.3.1 Introduction 10 3.3.2 Poverty Among Ethnic Minority People 11 3.3.3 Levels and Sources of Income 13 3.3.4 Education 15 3.3.5 Housing 15 3.3.6 Health Indicators 16 3.4 Local Needs and Perspectives 17 3.4.1 Needs Expressed by Rural Residents 18 3.4.2 Needs Expressed by Women 19 3.4.3 Perspectives on Project Impacts 20 3.4.4 Key Concerns of Ethnic Minority People 22 3.4.5 Summary of Impacts for Ethnic Minorities 23 4 ACTION PLAN 23 4.1 Need for an Ethnic Minority Development Plan 23 4.2 Consultation and Participation 24 4.2.1 Consultation and Participation for the Formulation of the EMDP 24 4.2.2 Project Participatory Consultations 24 4.3 Project Benefits and Enhancement Measures to be Taken by GCD 25 4.3.1 Improved Transport Services 25 4.3.2 Improved Rural Roads 26 4.3.3 Provision of Local Employment and Appropriate Employment Standards 26 4.3.4 Linking Project Road Improvements with Government Poverty Alleviation Programs 27 4.4 Identified Risks and Mitigating Measures 27 4.4.1 Increased Infection From Transmissible Diseases 27 4.4.2 Human Trafficking 30 4.4.3 Community Construction Disturbances 31 4.4.4 Resettlement 31 4.5 Complementary Poverty Reduction Measures 32 4.5.1 Agricultural and Industrial Development 32 4.5.2 Capacity Building: Training and Technologies 33 4.5.3 Promotion of Labourer Migration 33 4.5.4 Micro-Credit 34 5. Tourism Development 34 4.6 Targeting and Culturally Appropriate Interventions 35 4.7 EMDP Implementation Arrangements and Funding 35 4.8 EMDP Monitoring and Evaluation 36 4.8.1 Implementation Agencies 37 4.8.2 Methodology 37 List of Tables Table 1: Project Location .............................................................................................................. 7 Table 2: Selected Project Area Population Statistics (2005) ........................................................ 7 Table 3: Ethnic Minority Populations in the Project Area .............................................................. 8 Table 4: Zhuang People as Percentage of County Population ..................................................... 8 Table 5: Population and Poverty.................................................................................................11 Table 6: Poverty Data for Ethnic Minority People ....................................................................... 12 Table 7: Poverty Rates by Ethnic Group..................................................................................... 13 Table 8: Average Per Capita Income by Group .......................................................................... 13 Table 9: Sources of Income by Group ........................................................................................ 14 Table 10: Per Capita Income and Sources by Ethnic Group ...................................................... 14 Table 11: Educational Attainment by Group ............................................................................... 15 Table 12: Housing Situation........................................................................................................ 15 Table 13: Selected Health Statistics for the Project Area: 2005 ................................................. 16 Table 14: Village Health Clinics .................................................................................................. 17 Table 15: Needs Expressed by Rural Residents (2006)............................................................. 18 Table 16: Needs Expressed by Women ..................................................................................... 20 Table 17: Expected Positive Impacts from project...................................................................... 21 Table 18: Expected Negative Impacts From project ................................................................... 21 Table 19: Ranking of Concerns and Needs ................................................................................ 22 Table 20: Ranking of Impacts Specific to Ethnic Minority Peoples ............................................. 22 Table 21: Summary Ethnic Minority Development Plan.............................................................. 39 Figures Figure 1: Map of Project Components 2 List of Annexes Annex 1: Consultation and Participation Plan Annex 2: Terms of Reference for the Ethnic Minority Development Plan Monitoring and Evaluation CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 1 December 2006) Currency Unit – Yuan (CNY) CNY1.00 = $0.1274 $1.00 = CNY7.85 ABBREVIATIONS AP – affected persons AHB – Animal Husbandry Bureau BCDC – Baise Centre for Disease Control DoA – Department of Agriculture DoH – Department of Health EA – Executing Agency EMB – Ethnic Minority Bureau EMDP – Ethnic Minorities Development Plan EPB – Environmental Protection Bureau FYP – Five Year Plan GASS – Guangxi Academy of Social Science GEAB – Guangxi Expressway Administration Bureau GHAB – Guangxi Highway Administration Bureau GCD – Guangxi Communications Department GCIAB – Guangxi Communication Infrastructure Administration Bureau GPSB – Guangxi Public Security Bureau GRG – GZAR Government GZAR – Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region HB – Highway Bureau HCV – Hepatitis C HIV/AIDS – Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome IDU – Injecting Drug Use MOC – Ministry of Communications PADO – Poverty Alleviation Development Office PSA: – Poverty and Social Assessment PRA – Participatory Rural Appraisal PRC: – Peoples Republic of China RP: – Resettlement Plan STI – Sexually Transmitted Infection TA – Technical Assistance VOCs – Vehicle Operating Costs WF – Women’s Federation mu – Area of land (approximately 0.067 ha, or 670 m2} NOTES (i) The fiscal year (FY) of {the Government and its agencies} ends on 31 December. (ii) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. 1 1 INTRODUCTION 1. This supplementary appendix provides an Ethnic Minority Development Plan (EMDP) as part of the Guangxi Longlin-Baise Expressway Project loan preparation work. As ethnic minorities represent over 80 % of the population in the project area, the Poverty and Social Assessment (PSA) prepared for the project describes the circumstances of ethnic minority peoples and the anticipated poverty and social impacts from the project. Therefore, this EMDP presents only key observations that distinguish ethnic minorities from the Han population and that show differences among ethnic minority groups. 2. Ethnic minorities will benefit along with the minority Han population, however, social risks arising from the project have been identified and mitigating measures are required under the loan agreement. In addition, measures to ensure anticipated benefits accrue to local people and recommendations for measures that would enhance benefits are also included in the EMDP. 1.1 The Project 3. The project is located in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (GZAR). The proposed Longlin-Baise Expressway is an important section of the Shantou-Kunming corridor and is also one of the ‘vertical’ expressways in the GZAR Expressway development program. Map 1 shows the project location in GZAR, the proposed expressway and its relationship to rural roads and the GZAR road network. 4. The proposed expressway will replace the existing national road G324, which runs from Nanning through Baise to the border with GZAR and on to Yunnan. The southernmost end- point of the expressway will be the northern end of the Nanning-Baise Expressway. The northern end of the proposed expressway will link to the Guizhou Expressway system. 5. The proposed expressway will supplant G324 which is mainly a Class III road with 7.5 m wide pavement and no shoulders. The proposed expressway generally follows the corridor of G324, except for 15 km in the northern section where it takes a more direct line by the use of tunnels and bridges to minimize high gradient and also where the expressway bypasses the City of Baise to the east. 6. The Expressway starts at Dabanba village on the GZAR/Guizhou border, passes through Weile and Shali towns in Longlin county, Jiuzhou, Bantao, Lucheng and Le’ye towns in Tianlin county, and Wangdian, Xiatang and Yongle towns in Youjiang district in Baise city, then ends at Sitang Town where it connects with the Tangluo-Baise Expressway which is under construction. Most of the alignment is parallel with the existing national highway, G324. The total length of proposed alignment is 176.722km, a saving of over 15 km compared to G324. 7. The completion of the proposed expressway will relieve