Programs and services for suicide prevention An Evidence Check rapid review brokered by the Sax Institute for Beyond Blue. December 2018. An Evidence Check rapid review brokered by the Sax Institute for Beyond Blue. December 2018. This report was prepared by: Myfanwy Maple, Sarah Wayland, Tania Pearce, Phuong Hua. December 2018 © Sax Institute 2018 This work is copyright. It may be reproduced in whole or in part for study training purposes subject to the inclusions of an acknowledgement of the source. It may not be reproduced for commercial usage or sale. Reproduction for purposes other than those indicated above requires written permission from the copyright owners. Enquiries regarding this report may be directed to the: Principal Analyst Knowledge Exchange Program Sax Institute www.saxinstitute.org.au [email protected] Phone: +61 2 91889500 Suggested Citation: Maple M, Wayland S, Pearce T, Hua P. Services and programs for suicide prevention: an Evidence Check rapid review brokered by the Sax Institute (www.saxinstitute.org.au) for Beyond Blue, 2018. Disclaimer: This Evidence Check Review was produced using the Evidence Check methodology in response to specific questions from the commissioning agency. It is not necessarily a comprehensive review of all literature relating to the topic area. It was current at the time of production (but not necessarily at the time of publication). It is reproduced for general information and third parties rely upon it at their own risk. Programs and services for suicide prevention An Evidence Check rapid review brokered by the Sax Institute for Beyond Blue. December 2018. This report was prepared by Myfanwy Maple, Sarah Wayland, Tania Pearce, Phuong Hua Contents Glossary and abbreviations.................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Glossary ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Executive summary.................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Background and purpose of the review ...................................................................................................................................... 9 Review question ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Summary of methods .......................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Evidence grading ................................................................................................................................................................................ 10 Results ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10 Discussion of key findings .............................................................................................................................................................. 11 What works to reduce suicide? .................................................................................................................................................... 12 Gaps in the evidence ........................................................................................................................................................................ 12 Policy implications and recommendations .............................................................................................................................. 13 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 15 Background ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 16 Methods ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 18 Peer-reviewed literature .................................................................................................................................................................. 18 Procedure and quality assessment ............................................................................................................................................. 19 Included studies .................................................................................................................................................................................. 21 Results ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 23 Secondary sources (systematic and literature reviews) ...................................................................................................... 24 Overview of secondary sources .................................................................................................................................................... 24 Universal programs ........................................................................................................................................................................... 27 Selective Interventions ..................................................................................................................................................................... 30 Targeted interventions ..................................................................................................................................................................... 32 Other programs .................................................................................................................................................................................. 38 Promising programs ......................................................................................................................................................................... 39 Non-clinical promising programs................................................................................................................................................ 43 What works to reduce suicide? ......................................................................................................................................................... 44 Targeting a priority population – young people ................................................................................................................... 44 Accessing and utilising the expertise of those with lived experience .......................................................................... 44 Addressing the social determinants of health........................................................................................................................ 44 Innovation with brief contact and digitally enhanced programs ................................................................................... 45 4 PROGRAMS AND SERVIES FOR SUICIDE PREVENTION | SAX INSTITUTE General non-clinical settings ......................................................................................................................................................... 45 Gaps in the evidence ........................................................................................................................................................................ 47 Discussion .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 49 Issues with the study of suicide .................................................................................................................................................... 49 Methodological and study design challenges ....................................................................................................................... 50 Lack of strategic alignment ............................................................................................................................................................ 52 Policy implications and recommendations .................................................................................................................................. 54 Do no harm ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 54 The changing nature of suicide ...................................................................................................................................................