Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-72474-6 — An Introduction to Japanese Society Yoshio Sugimoto Index More Information Index Abe, Shinz¯o,236, 303, 312 alternative culture, 285 abilities, of employees, 116–17 characteristics, 287 abortion, 186–8 communes and the natural economy, 299–300 academic world system, 52–3 Cool Japan as, 311 achieved status, 73–4, 81 countercultural events and performances, 298–9 Act on Land and Building Leases (1991), 122 historical examples, 297 Act on Promotion of Women’s Participation local resident–volunteer support movements as, and Advancement in the Workplace (2016), 325 182 mini-communication media and online papers, activism, see resident movements; social 297–8 movements nature of, 297 administrative guidance (gyosei¯ shido¯), 232, 235–6, social formations producing, 286 338 amae (active dependency), 29, 43, 51 administrative systems amakudari (descending from heaven), 232–5, 251 during Heian period, 9 Amaterasu Ōmikami, 6–7, 267 during Kamakura period, 10 ambiguity, manipulation of, 337–8 during Yamato period, 7 Ame no Uzume, 6 adoption, 196 Ampo struggle, 318, 321 AEON, 110 ancestor worship, 266, 281, 295 aging society, 47–8 animators, working conditions, 307 declining birth rate and, 86–7 anime, 27–8, 46–7, 302, 311 life expectancy in, 84–6 animism, 203, 266–7 rise in volunteering and, 323 annual leave, 120 woman’s role as caregiver in, 181 anomie (normlessness), 48 Agon-shu¯ (Agon sect), 273 anti-development protests, 324–5 agricultural cooperatives, 326 anti-nuclear demonstrations, 92, 317–21 agricultural organizations, 239 anti-pollution protests, 325 Ainu people, 4, 201 apology, letters of, 338–9 autonomous lifestyle of, 97 apprenticeships, 113 employment, 202–3 armed forces, 338 folk culture, 203, 295 see also Self-Defense Forces formal recognition, 202–4 art forms, 296 government treatment of, 202–4 Article 9 Association, 324 historical circumstances, 201 arubaito (side jobs), 123, 159 in Karafuto, 4 Asahi Shimbun (newspaper), 30, 255, land taken from, 202 258–9, 302 population, 32, 202 Asano Takuminokami, 13 Ainu Recognition Law, 203 Ashikaga Takauji, 10 Akihito (emperor), 261 Ashio Copper Mine, 18 Akishino (imperial prince), 279 Asia Barometer survey, 162 Akita prefecture, 99 Asia-oriented capitalists, 262 Aleph cult, 274 ‘Asian values’,44–5 Alien Registration Ordinance (1947), 210 Aspects of Social Change in Modern Japan (Dore), Allied countries (Pacific War), 21 42 alphabet, Japanese, 8 asset inheritance, 75–7 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-72474-6 — An Introduction to Japanese Society Yoshio Sugimoto Index More Information 370 | Index Astro Boy, 301 bunshu¯ (segmented masses), 126, 286 Atarashii Mura (New Villages), 299 buraku (settlement), 204 athletics buraku communities, 14 international competitions in, 32 blacklists of, 206 school clubs, 152 geographical distribution, 101 Atomu taishi (Ambassador Atom), 301 history, 205 attitudinal ‘correctness’, 152 human rights demanded by, 20 Aum cult, 274 number of, 204–5 authoritarian vertical relationships, 100 outcast types in, 205 authoritarianism, see friendly authoritarianism in Tokugawa period, 14 types, 208 bakufu (shogunate regime), 9 Buraku Kaih¯oD¯omei (Buraku Liberation bamboo-shoot tribe, 299 League), 207 banking sector, 110 buraku liberation movements, 207, 224 baseball, 32, 99 burakukai (hamlet associations), 334 Bash¯o,297 burakumin, 14, 201 ‘basic goods’, 74, 76 antidiscrimination legislation for, 206–7 Basic Law on Dietary Education (2005), 153 discrimination and prejudice against, 32, 171, Basic Law on Intellectual Property (2002), 130 204–7, 224 Bear Festivals, 295 employment patterns, 206 Beheiren (citizens’ movement against Vietnam historical circumstances, 201 War), 331 marriage patterns, 205–6 bills, drafting of, 245 population, 204–5 birth rate, declining, 86–7 reclassification of, 205 bishojo¯ (beautiful girl character figures), 312 bureaucracy ‘black enterprises’, 121 national, see public bureaucracy blue-collar workers, 65, 67–8 during Tokugawa period, 16 attitudes towards foreign workers, 218 Western theories of, 52 English proficiency among, 163 business community new management system for, 133–4 administrative guidance and, 232, 235–6, 338 Bon season (Buddhism), 270–1 collusion with public bureaucracy, 233–6 book industry, 258–9 deregulation push by, 238–9 boys, school uniforms for, 155 media’s relationship to, 260 Buddhism public officials’ relationships with, 232–6 believers, number of, 265 school-based recruitement by, 144–6 Bon season, 270–1 in three-way deadlock, 230–2 combative side of, 270 see also large corporations; small businesses in daily life, 271 (chush¯ o¯ kigyo¯) life after death beliefs, 268 business transactions, legitimation of duality in, lineages, 268–9 55–6 new religions derived from, 273 origins, 268 Cabinet Office, 245 sects, 268, 297 Cabinet Personnel Management Bureau, 236 Shinto and, 267, 269 Camp Schwab, 248 streams, 268 capital–labor cooperation, 133–4 temples, 247, 276 capitalism ‘Build nuclear power plants in Tokyo’ (book), 253 adaptation of Anglo-American, 49–50 bukatsu (extracurricular activities), 152, 292 adoption of, during Meiji period, 18 bullet train, 102 Confucian, 50 bullying (ijime), in schools, 155–6 corporate capitalism, 116 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-72474-6 — An Introduction to Japanese Society Yoshio Sugimoto Index More Information Index | 371 ie civilization and Japanese-style, 50 in educational sphere, 272 in Japan, 43, 116, 126–30 history, 271–2 stockholder capitalism, 116 Christmas, 272 tenno¯ vs shosha¯ , 261–2 The Chrysanthemum and the Sword (Benedict), 40 US-oriented vs. Asia-oriented, 262 chugen¯ (mid-year gifts), 247 women’s lives and, 182 chukan¯ (middle class), 82 see also cultural capitalism; industrial capitalism Chuky¯ometropolitan¯ area, 102 capitalist class, 20, 62–3, 66, 78 chury¯ u¯ (middle class), 82 car industry, 253 chusan¯ (middle class), 82 casual workers, 123–4, 126 chusan¯ kaikyu¯ (middle class), 81 casualization, of the workforce, 123–4, 317 ‘Chushingura¯ ’ (The treasury of loyal retainers), 13 Central Community Chest of Japan, 334 chush¯ o¯ kigyo¯ (small businesses), 108 Central Pharmaceutical Affairs Council, 187 chuzaisho¯ (police substations), 336 centralization, during Tokugawa period, 12–13 citizens’ movements, see resident movements charitable works, 281 citizenship, 209–11, 219 cherry blossoms, 294 civic cultural groups, 293 chii (achieved status), 81 Civil Code (1896), 17, 172–3, 189 chiiki seikyo¯ (local cooperatives), 326 civil society chijimi shiko¯ (miniaturizing orientation), 30 fragmentation of, 315–17, 319–21 Child Abuse Prevention Law (2000), 189 interest groups, see interest groups Child Care and Family Care Leave Law (1992), non-government organizations, 319, 324, 328 181 non-profit organizations, 319, 322–4 childcare, availability of, 86 resident movements, 324–6 child-rearing, workforce participation and, seikatsusha, 330–1 177–8 social movements and solidarity in, 317–21 children volunteer activities and, 315–16, 319, 322–3 abuse of, 189 clans, 7, 9–10 born out of wedlock, 173 class divorce and, 191–2 analysis of, 59, 81 of migrant workers, 218 capitalist class, 20, 62–3, 66, 78 violence towards parents by, 189 ‘class of privilege’,79 China classification, 62–74 ‘history war’ with, 256 commoners’ class, 14–16 territorial disputes with, 257 cultural trends and, 283, 292–3 trade relations with, 13, 262 data on, 61–2 wars with, 21–2 distribution, 63 Chinese civilization, influence on Japan by, 8 education and, 61, 146–8 Chinese residents (of Japan), 32 English-language learning and, 162–4 choj¯ u¯ giga (frolicking animals and humans) scrolls, ideology of equal opportunity and, 341 46, 312 Japanese emic concepts of, 81–2 chokai¯ (town block associations), 334 karyu¯ shakai,59 chonaikai¯ (town block associations), 334–5 Korean residents vs Japanese nationals, 214 Chongryun (General Association of Korean labor force classification and, 66–9 Residents in Japan), 209, 213 land ownership and, 36 Ch¯oshu¯ region, 17, 19 life trajectory and early locations of, 62 Christianity middle class, see middle class banning of, 271–2 multiclass model of society, 35–7 believers, number of, 265, 272 new middle class, 62–4, 78 charity work, 272 old middle class, 63–5, 78 commodification of, 272 otaku culture and, 308 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-72474-6 — An Introduction to Japanese Society Yoshio Sugimoto Index More Information 372 | Index class (cont.) Article 14, 173 physical characteristics associated with, 66 Article 24, 175, 195 privileged class, 20 interpretation of, 337–8 reproduction of, 36–7, 68, 74–9 proposed revising of, 238, 242–3 shifting public discourse on, 58, 80 constitution, Meiji (1889), 17–18, 20 social mobility and, 66, 80 Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan, 231, status inconsistency, 69–73 238 underclass, 63–4, 66, 68 constitutional government, 20 volunteering and, 323 construction industry working class, 63–4, 78 daily laborers in, 111 working poor class, 123 on deregulation, 239 class affiliation, 31, 59–61 duality and corruption in, 55–6, 338 class struggle model, 59 foreign workers in, 217 class transcendentalists, 73–4 small businesses in, 108 cleaning, of classrooms, 153 consumer behavior patterns, 126–8 climate, 98 consumer-oriented society, 93 Cold War, 210, 338 consumption taxation