Northwest Passage • An all-water route through North America to Asia. Profit • Amount of money that remains after the costs of the business have been paid. John Cabot • Explored the Atlantic Ocean and found the valuable fishing are now known as the Grand Banks. Giovanni de Verrazano • Explored the Atlantic Coast from the Carolinas to Canada. Henry Hudson • Sailed for the Netherlands on his ship the Half Moon. • Explored the Delaware and Chesapeake Bays; explored what is now known as the Hudson River. Jacques Cartier • Claimed land for France near the St. Lawrence River Samuel de Champlain • “The Father of New France” • Founded Quebec, the first permanent French settlement. Marquette & Jolliet • Explored the Mississippi River. Sir Walter Raleigh • Convinced Queen Elizabeth I to give the colonists a charter to settle in Roanoke. Charter • A document that permits colonists to settle land claimed by their ruler. John White • Leader of the colonists at Roanoke. • Had to return to England to get supplies. He was delayed 3 years while the English fought the Spanish Armada. • When he returned, all that was found was the word “Croatoan” on a fence post. Joint Stock Company • A group of merchants who each put some of their money together to fund voyages to North America. Chief Powhatan • The name given to the leader of the Powhatan tribe. Captain John Smith • Leader of the men in Jamestown who convinced them to stop looking for gold. • “He that will not work shall not eat.” John Rolfe • Married Pocahontas, which helped to keep peace with the Powhatan tribe. • Harvested the first tobacco crop, which became a cash crop in Jamestown. Indentured Servants • People who agreed to work 5-7 in exchange for the cost of the voyage over to North America. Dutch Ship • Landed in Jamestown in need of supplies. The captain paid for the supplies with captive Africans. This was the start of slavery in the colonies. House of Burgesses • The first form of government in Jamestown. Pilgrims • Left England for the Netherlands to practice their religion in peace. • Did not like that their children were becoming Dutch so they returned to England. • Were given a charter to settle near Jamestown. • The Mayflower was blown off course and they settled near Cape Cod in Massachusetts. Mayflower Compact • An agreement the Pilgrim men signed on the Mayflower that said they would follow all rules of the colony. Sachem • A Native American leader. Squanto • A Wampanoag Native American who lived with the Pilgrims and taught them how to survive. Samoset and Massasoit • Wampanoag sachems who helped the Pilgrims survive. William Bradford and Miles Standish • Pilgrim leaders .