The Role of Selenium in Health and Disease • Catherine Méplan Hughes and J. David The Role of Selenium in Health and Disease Edited by Catherine Méplan and David J. Hughes Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Nutrients www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients The Role of Selenium in Health and Disease The Role of Selenium in Health and Disease Special Issue Editors Catherine M´eplan David J. Hughes MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade • Manchester • Tokyo • Cluj • Tianjin Special Issue Editors Catherine Meplan´ David J. Hughes Newcastle University University College Dublin UK Ireland Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643) (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients/special issues/ Role Selenium Health Disease). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03936-146-5 (Hbk) ISBN 978-3-03936-147-2 (PDF) c 2020 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND. Contents About the Special Issue Editors ..................................... vii Catherine M´eplanand David J. Hughes The Role of Selenium in Health and Disease: Emerging and Recurring Trends Reprinted from: Nutrients 2020, 12, 1049, doi:10.3390/nu12041049 .................. 1 Ellen C.D. K ¨uhn-Heid,Eike C. K ¨uhn,Julia Ney, Sebastian Wendt, Julian Seelig, Christian Schwiebert, Waldemar B. Minich, Christian Stoppe and Lutz Schomburg Selenium-Binding Protein 1 Indicates Myocardial Stress and Risk for Adverse Outcome in Cardiac Surgery Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 2005, doi:10.3390/nu11092005 .................. 5 Lutz Schomburg, Marju Orho-Melander, Joachim Struck, Andreas Bergmann and Olle Melander Selenoprotein-P Deficiency Predicts Cardiovascular Disease and Death Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 1852, doi:10.3390/nu11081852 .................. 17 Daniel J. Torres, Matthew W. Pitts, Ann C. Hashimoto and Marla J. Berry Agrp-Specific Ablation of Scly Protects against Diet-Induced Obesity and Leptin Resistance Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 1693, doi:10.3390/nu11071693 .................. 29 Chia-Wen Lu, Hao-Hsiang Chang, Kuen-Cheh Yang, Chien-Hsieh Chiang, Chien-An Yao and Kuo-Chin Huang Gender Differences with Dose–Response Relationship between Serum Selenium Levels and Metabolic Syndrome—A Case-Control Study Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 477, doi:10.3390/nu11020477 .................. 45 Veronika Fedirko, Mazda Jenab, Catherine M´eplan, Jeb S. Jones, Wanzhe Zhu, Lutz Schomburg, Afshan Siddiq, Sandra Hybsier, Kim Overvad, Anne Tjønneland, et al. Association of Selenoprotein and Selenium Pathway Genotypes with Risk of Colorectal Cancer and Interaction with Selenium Status Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 935, doi:10.3390/nu11040935 ................... 57 David J. Hughes, Tereza Kunick´a, Lutz Schomburg, V´aclav Liˇska, Niall Swan and Pavel Souˇcek Expression of Selenoprotein Genes and Association with Selenium Status in Colorectal Adenoma and Colorectal Cancer Reprinted from: Nutrients 2018, 10, 1812, doi:10.3390/nu10111812 .................. 77 Jordan Sonet, Maurine Mosca, Katarzyna Bierla, Karolina Modzelewska, Anna Flis-Borsuk, Piotr Suchocki, Iza Ksiazek, Elzbieta Anuszewska, Anne-Laure Bulteau, Joanna Szpunar, Ryszard Lobinski and Laurent Chavatte Selenized Plant Oil Is an Efficient Source of Selenium for Selenoprotein Biosynthesis in Human Cell Lines Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 1524, doi:10.3390/nu11071524 .................. 89 Sohayla A. Z. Ibrahim, Abdelhamid Kerkadi and Abdelali Agouni Selenium and Health: An Update on the Situation in the Middle East and North Africa Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 1457, doi:10.3390/nu11071457 ..................103 v Olivia M. Guillin, Caroline Vindry, Th´eophile Ohlmann and Laurent Chavatte Selenium, Selenoproteins and Viral Infection Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 2101, doi:10.3390/nu11092101 ..................117 Bingyu Ren, Min Liu, Jiazuan Ni and Jing Tian Role of Selenoprotein F in Protein Folding and Secretion: Potential Involvement in Human Disease Reprinted from: Nutrients 2018, 10, 1619, doi:10.3390/nu10111619 ..................151 vi About the Special Issue Editors Catherine M´eplan (Lecturer in genetics). Dr Meplan´ has worked at Newcastle University, UK since 2003. Her research interests focus on the application of nutrigenomics technologies to the understanding of the relationship between selenium status and various cancers. She has contributed to the discovery of the importance of genetic variations in selenoprotein genes on selenium bioavailability, as well as using combined transcriptomics and proteomics approaches to understand how selenium status affects molecular pathways involved in cancer development. She and Dr Hughes are currently collaborating on several European projects looking at the effects of interactions between inherited genetic variations and selenium status on disease risk. She is a member of the European Nutrigenomics network NUGO, and has worked in collaboration with many research groups on selenium research. Previously, she has worked on the p53 tumour suppressor protein and cancer at the Biomedical Research Centre (Dundee University, UK), and during her PhD in Biology at the WHO/International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC, Lyon, France). She received her BSc and MSc in Molecular Biology from the University of Grenoble, France. David J. Hughes (Assistant Professor of Cancer Epidemiology). Dr Hughes is a Fellow of the Conway Institute in University College Dublin (UCD), Ireland. He currently leads several international multidisciplinary cohort studies of nutritional, genetic & microbial cancer molecular epidemiology. Dr Hughes is a PI in the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) and a member of its Gastrointestinal Cancer Working Group, a governing council member of the International Society for Selenium Research, and a member of the International Cancer Microbiome Consortium. Previously he has worked at the WHO/International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC, Lyon, France), the Sanger Institute (Cambridge, England), and Imperial College (London, England). Dr Hughes received his BSc Biochemistry degree from the University of Leeds (England), his PhD in Medical Genetics from Queen’s University Belfast (Northern Ireland), and a Postgraduate Diploma in Health Professions Education from the RCSI (Dublin, Ireland). vii nutrients Editorial The Role of Selenium in Health and Disease: Emerging and Recurring Trends Catherine Méplan 1,* and David J. Hughes 2 1 School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK 2 Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Group, UCD Conway Institute, School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +44-(0)191-208-7664 Received: 1 April 2020; Accepted: 6 April 2020; Published: 10 April 2020 In this Special Issue of Nutrients, “The Role of Selenium in Health and Disease” covers diverse diseases in the 8 original research articles and 2 reviews, such as cardiovascular disorders (CVD), metabolic syndrome, obesity, cancer, and viral infection, and highlights novel potential biomarkers of disease risk and prognosis. From a public health perspective, the different manuscripts emphasize the already known U-shaped dose-response relationship between selenium (Se) concentration and disease risk across different study populations from Europe [1–3], the Middle East and North Africa [4], and Taiwan [5]. These reports therefore strengthen the importance of developing more personalized nutritional advice targeted at individuals at risk of disease with low Se intake. The results presented in this Issue also emphasize a need for further research into the mechanisms by which Se levels, selenoprotein expression, and inherited genetic variation in selenoproteins and interacting pathway genes may affect molecular pathways that either prevent or contribute to disease development. This is explored in human cohort studies [1–3,5,6] and in animal [7] and in vitro models [8]. 1. Selenium, Cardiovascular Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome, and Obesity Although links between Se levels, selenoprotein expression, and CVD or lipid metabolism are well established [1,2], the mechanisms supporting these associations remain unclear. Two of the manuscripts presented in this Issue established, in distinct Northern European populations, two novel Se-related biomarkers of risk and prognosis for CVD. Schomburg et al. identified, in a Swedish human perspective cohort, a strong correlation between low baseline plasma levels of Selenoprotein P (SELENOP; the major Se-transporter) and risk for all-cause mortality, CVD mortality, and a first CVD event during the follow-up period of 9.3 (8.3–11) years [2]. Based on the