Grade: VII Subject: Social Science Chapter No.: 2 Chapter Name: New Kings and Kingdoms Learning Resource Solutions Milestone 1 Answer the following questions by choosing the correct option from those given below it. 1. (iii) Palas 2. (i) Chalukyas 3. (iii) Parameshvaravarman Match the words in Column A with those given in Column B. 4. (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(i) Answer the following questions in not more than 30 words each. 5. Hinduism was patronised by the Palas as they had built many temples and monasteries. 6. The Gurjara-Pratihara, also known as the Imperial Pratihara, was an imperial dynasty that came to India in about the 6th century and established independent states in Northern India, from the mid-7th to the 11th century. 7. The Rajput clans that belonged to the fire family were called Agnikulas. The four important Agnikulas dynasties were Chauhans (or Chamanas), Gurjara Pratiharas (or Pratiharas), Paramaras (or Pawars) and Chalukyas (or Solankis). Answer the following questions in not more than 80 words each. 8. i. The Rajputs were the most important rulers of north-west India. The fall of the kingdom of Harshavardhana was accompanied with the rise of the Rajput clan in the 7th and 8th century. ii. It is believed that the Rajputs were about 36 Hindu dynasties. They belonged to sun family (called Suryavanshi) or moon family (called Chandravanshi). Some examples are the Chandelas in Bundelkhand, the Guhilas in Mewar, and the Tomaras in Haryana and Delhi. iii. Four Rajput clans that belonged to the fire family (called Agnikulas) became more important. These Agnikulas were Chauhans (or Chamanas), Gurjara Pratiharas (or Pratiharas), Paramaras (or Pawars) and Chalukyas (or Solankis). They were a threat to the other kingdoms of the time specially the Rashtrakutas, the Palas and the Pratiharas. 9. i. The Palas ruled from 8TH to the 12TH century, for about four hundred years and their kingdom consisted of almost the whole of Bengal and much of Bihar. The word Pala, means 'protector'. ii. The Palas rescued Bengal from the chaos into which it had fallen after the death of Shashanka, a rival of Harsha of Kanauj. Gopala was the founder of the Pala dynasty. iii. Dharmapala, son and successor of Gopal, made the Palas a dominant power of northern India and put his own nominee on the prestigious throne at Kanauj. Under Devapala, the Palas were able to regain their eminence against both the Pratiharas and the Rashtrakutas. 10. i. Between the 6th and the 12th centuries, Chalukyas ruled as three closely related, but individual dynasties; Badami Chalukyas, Chalukyas of Vengi or Eastern Chalukyas and Western Chalukyas. ii. The Chalukya dynasty was established by Pulakeshin I, the Badami Chalukyas. He ruled from their capital Badami (present day Vatapi), in Karnataka, from the middle of the 6th century to 8th century his kingdom comprised of the entire state of Karnataka and most of Andhra Pradesh in the Deccan. In late 10th century, Tailapa II, a Rashtrakuta feudatory ruling from Tardavadi (Bijapur district in Karnataka) re-established the Chalukya rule in the western Deccan after defeating the Rashtrakutas. He recovered most of the Chalukya Empire. iii. The Eastern Chalukyas located in the present day Andhra Pradesh, became an independent kingdom in the eastern Deccan from Vengi viceroyalty. 1 Grade: VII Subject: Social Science Chapter No.: 2 Chapter Name: New Kings and Kingdoms Learning Resource Solutions Vengi was their capital and they ruled until the 11th century. 11. i. The Pallavas ruled Mysore, Karnataka, and southern India consisting of the modern region of Andhra Pradesh, northern Tamil Nadu, and parts of southern Karnataka. ii. They ruled from the 3rd to 9th centuries with Kanchipuram as their capital. Simhavishnu established a strong Pallava kingdom by subduing many kings in the south (such as the Cheras, Cholas, the now-subdued Kalabhras, and the Pandyas). iii. Simhavishnu was the founder of Pallava Empire. Parameshvaravarman occupied Chalukya territories and forced them to pay a yearly tribute and accept Pallava overlordship. Mahendravarman I and Narasimhavarman I ruled Telugu and some parts of the Tamil region for almost 600 years. Answer the following questions in not more than 100 words each. 12. i. The ruling dynasties based in a specific region tried to control other areas. One particularly prized area was the city of Kanauj in the Ganga valley. ii. After the fall of Harshvardhana, the Rashtrakutas, the Pratiharas, and the Palas recurrently fought with each other and tried to gain control over Kanauj. Because there were three “parties” in this long drawn conflict, historians often describe it as the “tripartite struggle” (three parties). iii. However, within a hundred years of their reign, all the three important kingdoms declined. iv. The Pala kingdom was threatened by Chola armies and was later ruled by the Sena dynasty. v. The Pratihara kingdom had broken into a number of states, some of which were associated with the rise of the Rajputs namely the Gurjara Pratiharas, the Chauhanas, the Parmaras and the Chandelas. 13 i. The fall of the kingdom of Harshavardhana was accompanied with the rise of the Rajput clan in the 7TH and 8TH century. ii. Four Rajput clans that belonged to the fire family (called Agnikulas) became more` important. These Agnikulas were Chauhans (or Chamanas), Gurjara Pratiharas (or Pratiharas), Paramaras (or Pawars) and Chalukyas (or Solankis). They were a threat to the other kingdoms of the time specially the Rashtrakutas, the Palas and the Pratiharas. iii. The Chamanas, later known as the Chauhans ruled over the region around Haryana, Jaipur and Ajmer. iv. Gurjara refers to the present day Gujarat. The Gurjara-Pratihara, also known as the Imperial Pratihara, was an imperial dynasty that came to India in about the 6TH century. They established independent states in many portions of Northern India, from the mid- 7th to the 11th century. v. The Parmaras ruled Malwa and surrounding areas in west and central India between 9TH and 14th centuries with Dhar as the capital. Krishnaraja was the founder of this dynasty and Siyaka II established independent Parmara dynasty. vi. Between the 6th and the 12th centuries, Chalukyas ruled as three closely related, but individual dynasties; Badami Chalukyas, Chalukyas of Vengi or Eastern Chalukyas and Western Chalukyas. The Chalukyas were also called Imperial age of Karnataka since it was a period when an empire from Karnataka and more importantly, a Kannada speaking empire ruled vast parts of India. Milestone 2 Complete the following sentences with suitable words. 1. Mahmud of Ghazni and Muhammad Ghori. 2. 11th, 12th 2 Grade: VII Subject: Social Science Chapter No.: 2 Chapter Name: New Kings and Kingdoms Learning Resource Solutions 3. the Delhi Sultanate 4. Ghazni Write whether the following statements are True or False. 5. True 6. False 7. True Answer the following questions in not more than 30 words each. 8. Sultan Mahmud was interested in finding out more about the people he conquered so entrusted a scholar named Al-Biruni to write an account of the subcontinent. As it contains important historical records of those times, this Arabic work, known as the Kitab ul-Hind is an important source for historians. 9. With the aim to plunder the wealth of India in a time span of 25 years, Mahmud of Ghazni attacked India 17 times and looted the areas around Gujarat and Kanauj. 10. Mahmud’s motive of invasions in India was only to plunder the wealth of India. Answer the following questions in not more than 80 words each. 11. i. Muhammad Ghori knew that India was politically weak, therefore, he decided to establish his empire in India. ii. Muhammad Ghori neither changed the status of those Hindu chiefs who accepted his suzerainty nor did he interfere in their administration. iii. To consolidate his hold over the conquered territories, he established military posts. This helped him in consolidating the Turkish power in India. 12. Muhammad was defeated by three rulers when invaded India: i. Mularaja II, the ruler of Gujarat ii. Prithviraja III, the ruler of Delhi and Ajmer iii. Khwarizm Shah, the ruler of Persia 13. i. The Hindushahi kingdom was in the East Afghanistan and Punjab which was repeatedly attacked by the Ghaznis. ii. Jayapala, the Hindushahi ruler, knew the danger of the rising power of Ghaznis on his border. iii. He tried to check its growth in the very beginning and pursued an aggressive policy. iv. The Rajput rulers also sent their forces to support Jayapala. However, the Hindushahi kingdom failed to check the growing power of the Ghaznavids towards the east. v. When Mahmud became the king of Ghazni in 998, he attacked India around the 11th century. Mahmud of Ghazni gained his victory against the Hindushahi kings of Peshawar. 14. The two types of warefare for wealth seen in the Medieval India were : Occupying the fertile territories or temples. i. The ruling dynasties based in a specific region tried to control other areas. One particularly prized area was the city of Kanauj in the Ganga valley. ii. For centuries, rulers belonging to the Gurjara-Pratihara, Rashtrakuta and Pala dynasties fought for control over Kanauj. Because there were three “parties” in this long drawn conflict, historians often describe it as the “tripartite struggle”. iii. When rulers attacked one another’s kingdoms, they often chose to target temples which were sometimes extremely rich. iv. One of the best known of such rulers is Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni, in Afghanistan. 3 Grade: VII Subject: Social Science Chapter No.: 2 Chapter Name: New Kings and Kingdoms Learning Resource Solutions v. He ruled from 997 to1030, and extended control over parts of Central Asia, Iran and the north-western part of the subcontinent.