TurkJBot 30(2006)149-169 ©TÜB‹TAK ResearchArticle FloraofBozburunMountainandItsEnvirons (Antalya-Isparta-Burdur,Turkey) HüseyinFAK‹R* SüleymanDemirelUniversity,FacultyofForestry,ForestEngineeringDepartment,32260,Isparta-TURKEY Received:01.04.2005 Accepted:24.03.2006 Abstract: ThispaperdescribesafloristicstudyofBozburunMountainanditsenvirons.Thestudywasconductedbetween1998 and2002,duringwhichtime2419vascularplantsampleswerecollected.Aftertheidentificationofthespecimens,thetotalfl ora wasdeterminedtoconsistof645taxabelongingto341generaand86families.Theendemismrateofthe645taxawas16.1% (n=104taxa).Thephytogeographicalspectrumofthespecieswasasfollows:Mediterranean207(32.1%),Irano-Turanian51 (7.9%)andEuro-Siberianelements33(5.1%).Ofthespecieswesampled,311(48.2%)werewidespreadandthe phytogeographicalregionsof10(1.5%)wereunknown. Theorderofthe10familiesandgenerainvolvingmostofthetaxawereasfollows: Families: Fabaceae:77(11.9%);Asteraceae:71(11%);Lamiaceae:41(6.4%);Caryophyllaceae:41(6.4%);Brassicaceae:36 (5.6%);Apiaceae:31(4.8%);Poaceae:24(3.7%);Ranunculaceae:22(3.4%);Rosaceae:22(3.4%);Boraginaceae:22(3.4%). Genera: Silene:16(2.5%);Trifolium:15(2.3%);Ranunculus:10(1.5%);Veronica:9(1.4%);Hypericum:9(1.4%);Verbascum: 8(1.2%);Astragalus:7(1.1%);Lathyrus:7(1.1%);Sedum:7(1.1%);Medicago:7(1.1%). KeyWords: Flora,BozburunMountain,Vegetation,Antalya BozburunDa¤›veÇevresininFloras›(Antalya-Isparta-Burdur,Turkey) Özet: Buçal›flmadaBozburunDa¤›veyak›nçevresininfloras›araflt›r›lm›flt›r.Araflt›rmaalan›nda1998-2002y›llar›nda2419bitki örne¤itoplanm›fl,çal›flmalarsonucunda86familyayave341cinseait645taksontespitedilmifltir.Alandakiendemizmoran›104 taksoniçin%16,1’dir.Türlerinfitoco¤rafikbölgelereda¤›l›m›veoranlar›s›ras›ylaflöyledir:Akdenizelementi207adet(%32 ,1), Iran-Turanelementi51adet(%7,9)veAvrupa-Sibiryaelementi33adet(%5,1)fleklindedir.Teflhisiyap›lantaksonlar›n311ade di (%48,2)geniflyay›l›fll›ve10adediise(%1,5)hangifitoco¤rafikbölgeelementioldu¤ubilinmemektedir. Çal›flmaalan›ndaenfazlataksonasahipolanfamilyavecinslerflöyledir; Familyalar: Fabaceae77(%11,9),Asteraceae71(%11),Lamiaceae41(%6,4),Caryophyllaceae41(%6,4),Brassicaceae36(% 5,6),Apiaceae31(%4,8),Poaceae24(%3,7),Ranunculaceae22(%3,4),Rosaceae22(%3,4)andBoraginaceae22(%3,4). Cinsler: Silene16(%2,5),Trifolium15(%2,3),Ranunculus10(%1,5),Veronica9(%1,4),Hypericum9(%1,4),Verbascum 8(%1,2),Astragalus7(%1,1),Lathyrus7(%1,1),Sedum7(%1,1)andMedicago7(%1,1). AnahtarSözcükler: Flora,BozburunDa¤›,Vejetasyon,Antalya Introduction squareC3accordingtothegridsquaresystemgivenby ThestudyareaincludedBozburunMountainandits Davis(1965-1988),islocatedwithintheMediterranean environs,whichislocatedinthewesternpartofTurkey’s phytogeographicalzone.Altitudeinthestudyarearanges Mediterraneanregion,withinthebordersofAntalya, from50to2505m. Isparta,andBurdur.Thestudyarea,whichlieswithin *E-mail:[email protected] 149 FloraofBozburunMountainandItsEnvirons(Antalya-Isparta-Burdur,Turkey) 0 5 10 15 km Figure1.Mapofthestudyarea. 150 H.FAK‹R BozburunMountainanditsenvironswereselectedas speciesinthisarea. Cedruslibani A.Rich., Juniperus theresearchareabecausetheyhavenotbeenthoroughly excelsa M.Bieb.subsp.excelsa andLiquidambarorientalis studiedandhavesomeinterestingcharacteristics,in Milleraresubdominantspecieswidelydistributedinthe termsofbothfloraandphytogeography.Priortothe area. presentstudy,therehadbeennodetailedstudyofthe BozburunMountainanditsenvironsarecoveredby floraofthisarea.Thefirststudyoftheresearchareawas rockyvegetation,whichhaveupperandlowerlimitsof conductedbyDavisandAyaflligil(Ayaflligil,1987). 560and2050m.Euphorbiakotschyna Fenzl,Astragalus Theaimofthepresentstudywastocontributetothe paecilanthus Boiss.&Heldr., Marrubiumglobosum completionofthetotalfloraoftheMediterranenan Montbret&AucherexBenthamsubsp. globosum,Rosa regionandBozburunMountain. pulverulanta Bieb., Veronicacuneifolia D.Don.subsp. Theclimateoftheareawasreviewedusingdatafrom cuneifolia,Dianthuszonatus Fenzlvar.hypoclorus (Boiss. theMeteorologyStationinAntalya(DM‹GM,2000).The &Heldr.)Reeve, Verbascumglomeratum Boiss., meteorologicaldatawereobtainedfortheyears1965to Origanumminutiflorum O.Schwarz&P.H.Davis, 2000andthemeanannualprecipitationintheareawas Teucriumchamaedrys L.subsp.chamaedrys andPhlomis 1052mm.ThemostaridandhottestmonthswereJuly armeniaca Willd.arethecharacteristicspeciesofthistype andAugust,withameantemperatureof28°C.The ofvegetationanditincludesalargenumberoflocal annualmeantemperaturewas18.48°C.Thetypical endemicspecies. climateoftheMediterraneanpredominates,characterised Hydrophyticvegetationisfoundinstreamsideand byhotanddrysummers,andrainywinters(Akman, lakesideformations.Theseformationsaredistributedon 1990). thesandy,gravelyalluvialflatoftheAksustream,aswell WhentheclimaticdatawereusedinEmberger’s aspermanentlywetandtorrentordryriverbeds. formulaofrainandtemperaturefactors,itwas Platanusorientalis L., Alnusorientalis Decne.var. determinedthattheresearchareahadaMediterranean orientalis, Liquidambarorientalis Miller, Erica humidclimate.Itcanbeseenthatheavyrainoccurredin manipuliflora Salisb., Vitexagnus-castus L., Nerium November,December,January,andFebruary,whilethe oleander L., Equisetumramosissimum Desf., Carex dryperiodextendedfromthebeginningJuneuntilthe muricata L.,Juncusarticulatus L.and Cynodondactylon endofOctober(Akman,1990). (L.)Pers.var. dactylon arecommonlyfoundinthese formations. Thegeologicalstructureofthestudyareamostly containsrocksbelongingtotheQuaternary,Mesozoic, The“yaylapeasantry”isstillthedominantstyleof Tersier,andPalaeozoicperiods.Themostabundantsoil rurallifewithinthestudyarea.Thecombinationof typesintheareawerered-brownMediterraneansoil,red agriculture,animalgrazing,andforestrythatispractised Mediterraneansoil,brownforestsoil,andcolluvialand herecanberegardedasaland-usesystemthatis alluvialsoil(Atayeter,2005). ecologicallywelladaptedtotheexistingnaturalconditions (Ayaflligil,1987). Maquis,forest,rocky,andhydrophytewerethemain vegetationtypesinthearea.Maquisformationswere foundontheeastandwestbanksoftheAksustreamand MaterialsandMethods BozburunMountain.Quercuscoccifera L.,Oleaeuropaea Intotal,2419vascularplanttaxawerecollectedand L.var. sylvestris (Miller)Lehr., Ceratoniasiliqua L., observedorphotographedinthestudyareaduring Arbutusandrachne L.,Cotinuscoggygria Scop.,Pistacia fieldworkconductedbetween1999and2002.The terebinthus L.subsp.palaestina (Boiss.)Engler,Phillyrea collectedplanttaxaweredriedaccordingtoherbarium latifolia L.,and Juniperusoxycedrus L.subsp. oxycedrus techniques,andnumberedandrecorded.TheFloraof arethecharacteristicspeciesofvegetationataltitudesof Turkey(Davis,1965-1985;Davisetal.,1988;Güneret 160-960m. al.,2000)andotherflorasandreferences(Tutinetal., Forestvegetationisdistributedbetween180and 1964-1980;Yalt›r›k,1984)wereusedforthe 1750m. Pinusbrutia Ten.var. brutia and Pinusnigra identificationofthespecimens.Somespecimenswere Arn.subsp.pallasiana (Lamb.)Holmboearethedominant determinedbyAyaflligil(‹stanbulUniv.,‹stanbul)and 151 FloraofBozburunMountainandItsEnvirons(Antalya-Isparta-Burdur,Turkey) Özçelik(SüleymanDemirelUniv.,Isparta).Alloftheplant DiscussionandConclusion specimensarekeptattheherbariumofSüleymanDemirel Inall,645vascularplanttaxawereidentified,which University. belongto341generaand86families.Thirteenofthese taxawerenonfloweringvascularplants(ofPteridophyta), TheListofPlants 9taxabelongedto Gymnospermae,whiletheremaining 623were Angiospermae.Divisionoftheplanttaxainto TheplanttaxaofBozburunMountainanditsenvirons largetaxonomicalgroupsisshowninTable1. arelistedinappendix3.Taxonomiccategoriesinmain groups,suchasfamilies,genera,andspecies,aresimilarly Theplanttaxacategorisationaccordingto arrangedinevolutionarysequence.Authorabbreviations phytogeographicalregionisasfollows:Mediterranean followBrummitt&Powell(1992). elements207(32.1%),Irano-Turanianelements51 (7.9%)andEuro-Siberian:elements33(5.1%);the Foreachtaxon,informationonhabitat,locality,and remaining321(49.7%)taxaweremultiregionalorof geographicaldistributionwithinthestudyareaaregiven unknownphytogeographicalregion(Table2).Thelarge inacondensedform;anexplanatorysamplefollows: numberofMediterraneanelementscanbeexplainedby Origanumminutiflorum O.Schwarz&P.H.Davis,C3 thefactthattheentirestudyarealieswithinthe Antalya/CW1/A/*/VU/H.F.2865.E.Medit.El. Mediterraneanphytogeographicalregion;therefore,the C3Antalya: Gridsquare(Davis,1965-1988) numberofIrano-TuranianandEuro-Siberianelements weremuchsmallerincomparisontotheMediterranean CW1: Typesofhabitat(Appendix1) elements.TheEuro-Siberianelementswerelocatedin A: Localitiesofcollectedplants(Appendix2) marshyandhumidhabitats,themostsuitableconditions *: EndemictoTurkey forEuro-Siberianspecies.TheIrano-Turanianelements identifiedinthestudyareaarealsospeciesthatare VU: Vulnerable(Protectionstatus,Ekimetal.,2000) generallywidespreadthroughouttheMediterranean H.F.: Theplantrecordsfromtheauthor’sfield phytogeographicalregion;indryhabitats,whichare notebook. suitableforIrano-Turanianspecies(Göktürk&Sümbül, Abbreviationsusedinthetextandappendixesareas 1997). follows: Table2.Distributionofplanttaxawithinphytogeographicalregions. E.: East Euro-Sib.: Euro-Siberian Numberoftaxa Rates(%) El.:Element Ir.-Tur.: Irano-Turanian Mediterraneanelements 207 32.1 Medit.: Mediterranean Eux.: Euxine Irano-Turanianelements 51 7.9 ?: Unknownprotectionstatus Euro-Siberianelements 33 5.1 Multiregionalorofunknown phytogeographicalregion 321 49.7 Table1.Thedivisionoftaxaintolargetaxonomicalgroups. NumberofFamilies NumberofGenera Totalnumberoftaxa Pteridophyta 81013 Spermatophyta 79 332 632 Gymnospermae