INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION 1000 TELECOMMUNICATION TOWERS AND 32,000 KM FIBER OPTIC CABLE BACKBONE NATIONAL NETWORK PROJECT MYANMAR FINAL DRAFT REPORT DATE: 08 March 2017 Prepared for Myanmar Fiber Optic Communication Network Co. Ltd Prepared by ENVIRON MYANMAR Co. Ltd 4th Floor Building 17, MICT Park, Hlaing Township, Yangon Myanmar Project Number: MM110004 Project Number MM110004 Issue/Date Draft Final Report v03/ Sep 10, 2015 Updated Draft Final Report v04/ March 8, 2017 Prepared by Virginia Alzina, PhD Principal Consultant ENVIRON Myanmar Co Ltd Htay Aung Pyae Consultant ENVIRON Myanmar Co Ltd Updated by Dr. Flordeliz Guarin Technical Director and Pricipal Consultant ENVIRON Myanmar Co Ltd Reviewed by Neil Daetwyler Principal Ramboll Environ Singapore Pte Ltd Juliana Ding Managing Principal Ramboll Environ Singapore Pte Ltd This document is issued for the purpose of submission to the Ministry of National Resources and Environmental Conservation as part of a regulatory requirement. The report shall not be reproduced in whole or in part except with the prior consent of ENVIRON and subject to inclusion of an acknowledgement of the source. No information as to the contents or subject matter of this document or any part thereof may be communicated in any manner to any third party without the prior consent of ENVIRON. Whilst reasonable attempts have been made to ensure that the contents of this report are accurate and complete at the time of writing, ENVIRON disclaims any responsibility for loss or damage that may be occasioned directly or indirectly through the use of, or reliance on, the contents of this report. © ENVIRON Myanmar Co Ltd. VERSION CONTROL RECORD Document File Date Issued Version Author Reviewer Name MM110004 30 May 2015 Final Draft 01 VA, HAP ND, JD MM110004 30 July 2015 Final Draft 02 VA, HAP ND, JD MM110004 10 Sep 2015 Final Draft 03 VA, HAP ND, JD March 2017 ENVIRON Table of Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................ i 1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 OBJECTIVES AND APPROACH .......................................................................................................... 2 2. POLICY, AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK ......................................................................................... 4 2.1. MYANMAR ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION ................................................................................ 4 2.2 SOCIAL LEGISLATION ....................................................................................................................... 8 2.3 INTERNATIONAL AND REGIONAL TREATIES .................................................................................... 9 2.4 INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION STANDARDS ............................................................................... 9 3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................................ 11 3.1. COMPONENT 1: CONSTRUCTION OF 1,000 TOWERS .................................................................... 15 3.2 COMPONENT 2: CONSTRUCTION OF 32,000 KM BACKBONE FIBER OPTIC CABLE NETWORK ...... 27 3.3. PROJECT ACTIVITIES ..................................................................................................................... 31 4. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT..................................................................................36 4.1. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT OF MYANMAR ..................................................................................... 36 4.1.1. Country Overview ......................................................................................................... 36 4.1.2. Biodiversity ................................................................................................................... 37 4.1.3. Habitats ......................................................................................................................... 38 4.1.4. Myanmar Protected Areas (PAs) .................................................................................. 40 4.2 HAZARD PROFILE OF MYANMAR .................................................................................................. 45 4.2.1 Cyclone .......................................................................................................................... 45 4.2.2 Earthquake .................................................................................................................... 47 4.2.3 Floods ............................................................................................................................ 54 4.2.4 Landslide ....................................................................................................................... 56 5. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTALSOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ................................................................................................................................ 61 5.1. GENERAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS BY PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PHASE ............................................................................................................................................ 61 5.1.1 Preconstruction Phase ......................................................................................................... 61 5.1.2. Construction Phase ...................................................................................................... 62 5.1.3. Post Construction Phase (Operation and Maintenance) ............................................ 66 5.2. MITIGATION MEASURES FOR PRE-CONSTRUCTION, CONSTRUCTION AND POST CONSTRUCTION PHASES .......................................................................................................................................... 68 6. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION .................... 74 March 2017 ENVIRON 7. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN .............................................................................. 76 8. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................................................... 92 9. REFRENCES & SOURCE OF INFORMATION ........................................................................ 95 List of Tables Table 2.1: International and Regional Treaties to Which Myanmar is a Party Table 3.1: MFOCN’s planning for 1000 Towers Table 3.2: General Parameters Specified for MFOCN’s Towers Table 3.3: Foundation Specifications of MFOCN’s Towers Table 3.4: Standards, Guidelines and Codes of Practice for Tower and related Infrastructure Table 4.1: List of Myanmar Protected Areas (PAS) and Their General Information Table 5.1: Identification of Environmental and Socio-Economic Impacts Table 7.1: Environmental Management Plan Measures for Pre-Construction Phase Table 7.2: Environmental Management Plan Measures for Construction Phase Table 7.3: Environmental Management Plan for the Operation and Maintenance Phase List of Figures Figure 3.1: Location of MFOCN’s Proposed 1000 Telecommunication Towers Figure 3.2: Sketch Map of Myanmar Nationwide Backbone FOC route Figure 3.3: Proposed Towers Location for 2015 Figure 3.4: Proposed Towers Location for 2016 Figure 3.5: Proposed Towers Location for 2017 Figure 3.6: Towers in Varying Heights Figure 3.7: Lighting Protection Gear Figure 3.8: Painting and IR LED Figure 3.9: Equipment Room inside BTS Station Figure 3.10: Countrywide Fiber Optic Cable (FOC) Network Map Figure 3.11: Fiber Optic Cable (FOC) Figure 4.1: Administration Map of Myanmar Source (Source: Forest Department) Figure 4.2: Dominant Types of Forests in Myanmar (Source: Department of Forestry) Figure 4.3: Locations of Protected Areas (PAs) across Myanmar Figure 4.4: Locations of Reserved Forests in Myanmar (Source: Forest Department) Figure 4.5: Cyclone landfall probability along Myanmar Coast (1947-2008) Figure 4.6: Storm surge observed along Myanmar Coast Figure 4.7: Seismotectonic Map of Myanmar and Surrounding Regions March 2017 ENVIRON Figure 4.8: Earthquake focal depth contour of Myanmar for the period 1964- 2004 Figure 4.9: Seismic zone map of Myanmar Figure 4.10: Earthquake occurrences in the Myanmar region Figure 4.11: Distribution of rivers and streams in Myanmar Figure 4.12: Flood prone areas in Myanmar Figure 4.13: Location of Past Landslide, Myanmar Figure 4.14: Proposed Landslide Hazard Map Figure 6.1: News article about the Project Figure 6.2: MFOCN’s CSR News Article in “The Global New Light of Myanmar” Newspaper List of Annexes Annex 1: Location Address of Towers Annex 2: Detailed Drawing of Tower Annex 3: Detailed Drawing of Tower Foundation Annex 4: Detailed Drawing of Tower and Base Transceiver Station (BTS): Annex 5: Spools of Fiber Optic Cable (FOC) Annex 6: Resumes of ENVIRON Personnel Annex 7: Photologs March 2017 ENVIRON List of Abbreviations 3G Third Generation BTS Base Transceiver Station CL Central Lowland CHS Circular Hollow Section CNC Computer Numerical Control CGI Corrugated Galvanized Iron DICA Directorate of Investment and Company Administration DA Double Amour EH Eastern Highland EMF Electrical and Magnetic Fields ECL Environment Conservation Law ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan EAP Environmental Assessment Practitioner EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan FIL Foreign Investment Law FOC Fiber Optic Cable GPS Global Positioning