Development Justice Human Rights Free the Slaves / Search for Common Ground Final Evaluation Strengthening Community -Driven Responses and Accountability Mechanisms to End Slavery in Eastern DR Congo Mining Zones Final Report December 201 5 Carole Berrih Evaluation report: Strengthening Community -Driven Responses and Accountability Mechanisms to End Slavery in Eastern DR Congo Mining Zones December 2015 This report was prepared independently by Carole Berrih, Synergies Coopération Free the Slaves acknowledges the following generous financial support: U.S. Department of State Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons - J/TIP - CONGO S-SJTIP-12-GR-1036 Open Square Charitable Gift Fund Front page: Luwowo Manganese mine (Masisi territory) Credit for all pictures: C Berrih 2 Table of content s List of pictures ............................................................................................................................................... 5 List of tables .................................................................................................................................................. 5 List of acronyms ............................................................................................................................................ 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................. 7 Methodology .............................................................................................................................................. 7 Results ................................................................................................................................................ 8 Relevance ............................................................................................................................................... 8 Effectiveness .......................................................................................................................................... 8 Efficiency................................................................................................................................................. 9 Impact ..................................................................................................................................................... 9 Sustainability ........................................................................................................................................ 10 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................................. 10 Recommendations .................................................................................................................................. 11 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 13 1.1. Context and rationale of the evaluation ....................................................................................... 13 1.1.1. General context.................................................................................................................. 13 1.1.2. Free the Slaves’ project on Fighting Human Trafficking in North Kivu ....................... 13 1.2. Evaluation objectives....................................................................................................................... 16 2. METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................................................................... 18 2.1. Methodological principles .............................................................................................................. 18 2.2. Review of literature ......................................................................................................................... 19 2.3. Field study ......................................................................................................................................... 19 2.3.1. Semi-structured focus group discussions ............................................................................. 19 2.3.2. Key informant interviews......................................................................................................... 19 2.3.3. Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Survey (KAP survey) ................................................... 20 2.3.4. Observation ............................................................................................................................... 21 2.3.5. Data management and analysis ............................................................................................. 21 2.3.6. Reporting results ...................................................................................................................... 22 2.4. Limits and weaknesses of the evaluation .................................................................................... 22 3. RESULTS ................................................................................................................................................... 24 3.1. Project relevance: Was the project consistent with needs and priorities? .............................. 24 3.1.1. Alignment with local context and needs ............................................................................... 24 3.1.2. Incorporation of cross-cutting issues .................................................................................... 26 3.2. Effectiveness: Have activities been implemented and to what extent were the indicators met? .............................................................................................................................................. 28 3.2.1. Increasing resistance to slavery in fifteen mining communities: activities and indicators ............................................................................................................................................................... 28 3.2.2. Increasing knowledge of slavery and means for resisting slavery among the general public: activities and indicators ......................................................................................................... 33 3.2.3. Establishing an anti-slavery coalition of Congolese Civil Society Organizations: activities and indicators ...................................................................................................................................... 37 3 3.2.4. Increasing targeted government officials’ anti-slavery knowledge and actions: activities and indicators ...................................................................................................................................... 39 3.2.5. Effectiveness: in summary ....................................................................................................... 40 3.3. Project efficiency: Were the effects obtained with the least possible resources? .................. 42 3.3.1. Mobilization of funds and cost-efficiency analysis............................................................... 42 3.3.2. Mobilization of human resources .......................................................................................... 44 3.3.3. Delays and adjustments to the schedule .............................................................................. 45 3.3.4. Project implementation methods and monitoring system ................................................ 46 3.4. Project impact: What are the project’s positive and negative impacts? ................................... 49 3.4.1. Objective 1: increase increase resistance to slavery in fifteen vulnerable mining communities in North Kivu ................................................................................................................ 50 3.4.2. Objective 2: increase knowledge of slavery and means for resisting slavery among the general public in eastern DRC ........................................................................................................... 55 3.4.3. Objective 3: establish an anti-slavery coalition of Congolese Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) .................................................................................................................................................... 64 3.4.4. Objective 4: increase targeted government officials’ anti-slavery knowledge and actions in North Kivu ........................................................................................................................................ 67 3.4.5. Unplanned results and impacts on other institutions ......................................................... 70 3.5. Project sustainability: Will the project impacts be sustainable? ............................................... 73 3.5.1. Sustainability of community-based CVCs .............................................................................. 73 3.5.2. Sustainability of livelihood support ........................................................................................ 74 3.5.3. Coalition of CSOs ...................................................................................................................... 75 3.5.4. Sustainability of training activities .......................................................................................... 75 4. DISCUSSION: HAS THE PROJECT INCREASED COMMUNITY-LED RESISTANCE TO SLAVERY IN EASTERN DRC MINING ZONES? ...............................................................................................................