Anarchism PO53022A (Spring 2013) Prof. Carl Levy Department of Politics Goldsmiths College University of London WT 708 Office Hours Mondays 2-4 [email protected] This unit focuses on the history, politics and ideology of anarchism chiefly from its origins in the nineteenth century to 1939. There will be a discussion of anarchism in the post-1945 period but the main aim of the unit is to trace the origins and development of anarchist ideology (Godwin, Stirner, Proudhon, Bakunin, Kropotkin, Malatesta, Goldman, etc.) and the associated social and labour movements in Europe and the Americas (from the Paris Commune of 1871 to the Spanish Civil War, 1936- 1939, and the Haymarket Riot of Chicago of 1886 and the Mexican Revolution of 1910-1920 to the Russian Revolution and Civil War of 1917-1921). We will investigate anarcho-collectivism, anarcho- communism, anarcho-individualism and anarcho-syndicalism. The relationship between anarchist movements and terrorism will also be discussed, but so too will the relationship of art and education to anarchism. But these will also be a substantial time devoted to anarchist-type movements and ideas, which developed throughout the world before 1800 and as well a discussion of the ‘ism’, anarchism, its reception and interchange with thinkers, ideas and movements in Asia and Africa. Course Aims To examine the concepts and values which are central to anarchist thought. To consider the place of anarchism in key historical events. 1 Learning Outcomes Be able to understand critically the nature of anarchism. Understand the place of anarchism in a broad historical context. Requirements: Students will submit one research essay of 4000 to 5000 words. You may use the topic questions for any given week for your essay. Please note plagiarism is not permitted: by now you know the consequences. For the deadline for the submission of the essay please consult your student handbook or the departmental office. These are important overviews of and engagements with anarchism. 1. M. A. Bammyeh, Anarchy as Order. The History and Future of Civic Humanity, Lanham, 2009. 2. M. Buber, Paths in Utopia, London, 1949. 3. P. Elzbacher, Anarchism: Exponents of Anarchist Philosophy, London, 1960. 4. A. Carter, The Political Theory of Anarchism, London, 1971. 5. F. Dupuis-Déri, ‘Anarchy in Political Philosophy’, Anarchist Studies, 13, 1, 2005, pp. 8-22. 6. B.Franks and M. Wilson, Anarchism and Moral Philosophy, Basingstoke, 2010. 7. D. Goodway (ed.), For Anarchism. History, Theory, Practice, London, 1989. 8. Daniel Guerin, Anarchism from Theory to Practice, New York, Monthly Review Press, 1970. 9. Daniel Guerin, No Gods, No Masters, AK Press, 2006. 10. J. Heckert and R. Cleminson (eds.), Anarchism & Sexuality. Ethics, Relationships and Power, Routledge, 2011. 2 11. James Joll, The Anarchists, 2nd Ed., London, Methuen, 1979. 12. Ruth Kinna, A Beginner’s Guide. Anarchism, Oxford, OneWorld, 2005. 13. Carl Levy, “Anarchism”, Encarta Online Encyclopaedia 2007: easiest way to access this is to google: Carl Levy anarchism Encarta. 14. Peter Marshall, Demanding the Impossible. A History of Anarchism, London, Fontana, second edition , London, Harper Perennial, 2008. 15. David Miller, Anarchism, London, 1984. 16. M. Nettlau, A Short History of the Anarchist Movement, Freedom, 1996. 17. A. Prichard (ed.) of special issue of Millennium, 39,2, 2010) on anarchism and international relations. 18. A. Prichard, ‘Deepening anarchism: international relations and the anarchist ideal’, Anarchist Studies, 18, 2, 2010, pp. 29-57. 19. A. Ritter, Anarchism: A Theoretical Analysis, Cambridge University Press, 1980. 20. S. M. Sheehan, Anarchism, London, 2003. 21. R. Sonn, Anarchism, New York, 1992. 22. J. Suissa, Anarchism and Education. A Philosophical Perspective, London 2006/Oakland, 2010. 23. C. Ward, Anarchism: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press, 2004. 24. G. Woodcock, Anarchism, Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1986. 25. G. Woodcock (ed.), Anarchism and Anarchy, Hamilton, Ontario, 1997. I suggest you buy Kinna and Marshall. Useful Anthologies 3 1.R. Graham (ed.), Anarchism. A Documentary History of Libertarian Ideas. Volume One: From Anarchy to Anarchism (300 EC to 1939), Montréal, 2005; Volume Two: The Emergence of the New Anarchism (1939-1977), Montréal 2007; Volume Three: The New Anarchism (1974-2008). 2. I. L. Horowitz (ed.), The Anarchists, New York, 1964. 3. L. Krimmerman and L. Parry (eds.), Patterns of Anarchy, New York, 1966. 4. M. S. Shatz, The Essential Works of Anarchism, New York, 1971. 5. G. Woodcock, (ed.), The Anarchist Reader, Penguin, 1986 6. R. Amster (ed.), Contemporary Anarchist Studies: An Introductory Survey of Anarchy in the Academy, London, 2009. 7. N. J. Jun and S. Wahl (eds.), New Perspectives on Anarchism, Lanham, 2010. If you want an anthology of anarchist writings I suggest you buy Graham’s three volumes or Guerin or get a second-hand copy of Woodcock (I believe it is out of print). And then there is Iain McKay’s An Aarchist FAQ( Volume One), AK Press is, 2008. This a very useful dictionary of anarchism (one of a kind). For the broader Utopian Tradition see L. Davis and R. Kinna (eds.), Anarchism and Utopianism, Manchester University Press, 2009 and : 1. R. Amster, ‘Chasing Rainbows: Utopian Pragmatics and the Search for Anarchist Communities’, Anarchist Studies, 9, 1, 2001, pp. 29-52. 4 2. M. L. Berneri, Journey Through Utopia, Freedom Press, 1982. 3. G. Claeys (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Utopian Literature, Cambridge, 2010. 4. G. Claeys, Searching for Utopia. The History of an Idea, London, 2011. 5. R. Creagh, ‘Nineteenth Century American Utopias’, Anarchist Studies, 6, 1, 1998, pp. 72-75. 6. B. Goodwin and K. Taylor, The Politics of Utopia: A Study in Theory and Practice, London, 1982. 7. D. Hardy, Alternative Communities in Nineteenth Century England, London, 1979. 8. R. Kinna, ‘Roads to Utopia’, Anarchist Studies, 8, 1, 2000, pp. 53-55. 9. K. Kumar, Utopia and Anti-Utopia in Modern Times, London, 1987. 10. F. E. Manual and R. P. Manual, Utopian Thought in the Western World, New York, 1979. 11. L. Mumford, The Story of Utopia, London, 1922. 12. W. Morris, News from Nowhere, Cambridge University Press, 1995. 13. L. T. Sargent, Utopianism. A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, 2010. 14. E. O. Wright, Envisioning Real Utopias, London, 2010. Websites There are some extremely useful websites. Ronald Creagh has created a multi-lingual site called R.A Forum (Research on Anarchism). It takes a while to get the hang of it but just google RA Forum (Research on Anarchism) (www.raforum.info etc) and then go to the site map. There you will found a wide variety of approaches to academic 5 references (ideology, biography, history, philosophy, current events etc. by country and theme). Pitzer College also has a very good website: www.dwardmac.pitzer.edu/Anarchist_Archives. You can download texts by Chomsky, Goldman, Kropotkin, Malatesta and Reclus. Then there is the Kate Sharpley Library for anarchist history and research: www.katesharpleylibrary.net. You should also check the website of the International Institute of Social History in Amsterdam, which has a tremendous archive (built around the former personal archive of the ‘Herodotus of anarchism’ (Max Nettlau)) and the IISH’s journal, International Journal of Social History. Google IISH, International Institute of Social History and International Journal of Social History. The other site to visit is the anarchist studies network sponsored by the Anarchist Studies Group of the Political Studies Association (the professional association of those who teach politics in the UK, who my follow Yanks call ‘political scientists’. asn@lists_anarchist studies_network.org.uk. Ask to join up and you will be connected to a lively discussion group. Three journals are essential: Anarchist Studies, Social Anarchism, and Anarchy: A Journal Desire Armed (google them). The website of Freedom Press and the Freedom Bookshop is also very useful. The journal Freedom was founded in London by Kropotkin in 1886. It is still publishing. For an East End tour and a wonderful sense of history, a visit to the bookshop is worthwhile (which is very well stocked): 84b Whitechapel High Street, London EC 7QX. It’s down Angel Alley and there is a lovely mural on the side of the wall. Seminars: Topics will be the theme questions and other issues discussed by the groups. 6 Essay questions are the theme questions posed in each session as listed below. 1 and 2. Introduction: The Origins of the Ideology of Anarchism: The Historical Context To what extent is anarchism a product of the European Age of Ideologies, the rise of the modern nation-state and the emergence of industrialism? During these two weeks you should read one of the introductory texts such as Ward, 2004(pp. 1-13); Marshall, 1993 (pp. 1-142), Woodcock (many editions), chapter 2 (‘The Family Tree’); Joll (1979), pp. 3-44; Kinna, 2005, pp. 1-43. I briefly discuss the relationship between anarchism as ideology and anti-statist traditions before 1800 and throughout the world in C. Levy, ‘Anarchism, Internationalism and Nationalism in Europe, 1860-1939’, Australian Journal of Politics and History, Vol. 50, No.3, 2004, pp. 330-342 (Access via my pages on Dept. of Politics website) , ‘Anarchism’, Encarta, 2007, ‘Social Histories of Anarchism’, Journal for the Study of Radicalism, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2010, pp. 11-44 (Access via my pages on Dept. of Politics website and ‘Anarchism and Cosmopolitanism’, Journal of Political Ideologies, Vol. 16, No. 3, 2011. Pp. 265-278 (Access to article via my page on Dept. of Politics, website). Patricia Crone’s article on Muslim anarchism is a very good example of an attempt to place the 19th concept of anarchism within early Islamic society, see, Patricia Crone, ‘Ninth-Century Muslim Anarchists’, Past and Present, no.169, May 2000, pp. 3-28. This article for pre-1800 examples of anarchism outside of Europe (also see H.