The Restoration/18Th Century & Romantic Literature

The Restoration/18Th Century & Romantic Literature

The Restoration/18th Century & Romantic Literature 1 (Click on Authors or Titles to direct automatically to works in document) Contents Samuel Johnson � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �70 Brief to Free A Slave � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 72 The Restoration and 18th Century Overview � � � � � 11 John Dryden � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 15 James Thomson � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �76 Annus Mirabilis � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 17 Rule Britannia � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 78 The Seasons � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 79 Samuel Pepys � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 20 A Hymn on the Seasons � � � � � � � � � � � � 91 The Diary � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 22 Aphra Behn � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �94 John Bunyan � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 31 Oroonoko or The Royal Slave � � � � � � � � � � 96 The Pilgrim’s Progress � � � � � � � � � � � � 33 Olaudah Equiano � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 132 Mary Astell � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 41 The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaundan Equiano Reflections on Marriage � � � � � � � � � � � 43 or Gustavus Vassa, The African� � � � � � � � � � � � 134 Jonathan Swift � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 55 Thomas Gray � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 141 A Description of a City Shower � � � � � � � � 57 Hymn to Adversity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 143 A Modest Proposal � � � � � � � � � � � � � 59 The Bard: A Pindaric Ode � � � � � � � � � � � � 145 Alexander Pope � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 63 Ode on a Distant Prospect � � � � � � � � � � � 149 The Rape of the Lock � � � � � � � � � � � � 65 Death of a Favorite Cat � � � � � � � � � � � � � 152 2 3 Country Churchyard � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 154 The Clod and the Pebble � � � � � � � � � � � 198 Oliver Goldsmith � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 157 London � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 199 The Deserted Village � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 159 The Human Abstract � � � � � � � � � � � � � 200 Infant Sorrow � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 201 British Romanticism Overview � � � � � � � � � � 168 A Poison Tree � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 202 Anna Barbauld � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 173 Proverbs of Hell � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 203 The Mouse’s Petition � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 176 Holy Thursday � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 204 The Rights of Women � � � � � � � � � � � � � 178 Robert Burns � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 205 To a Little Invisible Being � � � � � � � � � � � � 179 To a Mouse � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 207 Mary Darby Robinson � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 180 To A Louse � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 209 London’s Summer Morning � � � � � � � � � � � 183 Auld Lang Syne � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 211 Joanna Baillie � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 184 Robert Bruce’s March � � � � � � � � � � � � 212 A Mother to Her Waking Infant � � � � � � � � � � 186 A Red, Red Rose � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 213 Address to a Steam Vessel � � � � � � � � � � � 188 Willam Wordsworth � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 214 William Blake � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 192 Preface to Lyrical Ballads � � � � � � � � � � � 217 The Little Black Boy � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 195 We Are Seven � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 220 Songs of Innocence: Chimney Sweeper#1 � � � � � 196 Expostulation and Reply � � � � � � � � � � � 222 Songs of Experience: Chimney Sweeper #2 � � � � � 197 The Tables Turned � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 223 4 5 Lines � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 224 Thomas De Quincey � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 285 Michael � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 228 Literature of Knowledge � � � � � � � � � � � � 287 I Wandered Lonely � � � � � � � � � � � � � 248 George Byron ( Lord Byron) � � � � � � � � � � � 290 My Heart Leaps Up � � � � � � � � � � � � � 249 Written after Swimming � � � � � � � � � � � � � 293 Ode: Intimations of Immortality � � � � � � � � 250 She Walks in Beauty � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 294 London, 1802 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 255 They Say that Hope is Happiness � � � � � � � � � 295 The World Is Too Much With Us � � � � � � � � 256 When We Two Parted � � � � � � � � � � � � � 296 Steamboats, Viaducts, and Railways � � � � � � � 257 Stanzas for Music � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 297 Samuel Taylor Coleridge � � � � � � � � � � � 258 So We’ll Go No More a Roving � � � � � � � � � � 298 The Eolian Harp � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 261 January 22nd, Missolonghi � � � � � � � � � � � 299 This Lime-tree Bower my Prison � � � � � � � � 263 Manfred � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 301 Frost at Midnight � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 265 Thomas Moore � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 308 Epitaph � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 267 Believe Me � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 311 Rime of the Ancient Mariner � � � � � � � � � � 269 The Harp � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 312 The Time I’ve Lost in Wooing � � � � � � � � � � 314 Come, Ye Disconsolate � � � � � � � � � � � � � 315 6 7 That I May Cease to Be � � � � � � � � � � � � � 343 To Fanny Brawnie � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 344 La Belle Dame sans Merci: A Ballad � � � � � � � � 349 Percy Shelley � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 316 Ode to Psyche � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 351 Mutability � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 318 Ode to a Nightingale � � � � � � � � � � � � � 353 To Wordsworth � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 319 Ode on a Grecian Urn � � � � � � � � � � � � � 355 Hymn to Intellectual Beauty � � � � � � � � � � � 320 Ode on Melancholy � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 357 Ozymandias � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 322 Ode on Indolence � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 358 Stanzas Written in Dejection � � � � � � � � � � � 323 To Autumn � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 360 A Song: “Men of England” � � � � � � � � � � � 325 Negative Capability � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 361 England in 1819 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 326 To Charles Brown � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 362 To Sidmouth And Castlereagh � � � � � � � � � � 327 Bright Star � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 364 To William Shelley � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 328 Ode to the West Wind � � � � � � � � � � � � � 330 Felicia Dorothea Hemans � � � � � � � � � � � � 365 When the Lamp is Shattered � � � � � � � � � � � 333 The Homes of England � � � � � � � � � � � � � 367 A Defence of Poetry � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 334 Casabianca � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 368 Mary Shelley � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 370 John Keats � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 338 A Thing of Beauty � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 341 When I have Fears � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 343 8 9 The Restoration and 18th Century Overview A little less than the first half of our course is focused on the literary period most commonly known as the Restoration and the 18th Century (from 1660-1785). However, the period is divided in a number of ways and called by different names (some scholars refer to the period as the “Neoclassical Period” [formerly the name used for this course], others call it the “Age of Reason” or “Age of Pope and Dryden” due to the heavy influence of two particularly important writers of the period). Still other scholars subdivide the period even further, referring to the Restoration era (approximately 1660-1690), the Augustan era (approximately 1690-1744) and the pre-Ro- mantic period (approximately 1744-1785). Part of the struggle, also true with all other literary periods, comes from general questions of periodization (literature has never been produced in tidy little blocks, leading to a blurring around the edges by scholars as to when any specific period begins and ends and how the period should be divided). Nor are scholars in universal agreement concerning what the literature of the time looked, felt, and read like. Nevertheless, there are generally agreed upon principles that define how we see and observe the period today (often simply referred to in this class as the 18th Century, even though we are really addressing 1660-1785). This overview, although not comprehensive, strives to summarize the key principles of the period in a way that is simple and accessible. Historically Significant Facts The period between 1660 and 1785 was a time of tremendous external, visible expansion for “Great Britain,” as the nation came to be called after the Union Act in 1707 joined Scotland to England and Wales. Britain be- came a world power, an empire on which the sun never set (most students have heard the old adage of the “sun never setting on the British Empire”). But the nation also changed internally. A sense of new, expanding possibil- ities—as well as modern problems—transformed the daily life of the British people, and offered them fresh ways of thinking about their relations to nature and to each other. Between 1666 and 1766, the London population doubled (changing from approximately from 400,000 to 800,000 people—it’s hard to really grasp how important this shift was given today’s metropolitan areas, but it did affect almost every element of life in Britain and how power was negotiated). More so than the population shift, the cultural and commercial life of Britain and its empire increasingly centered on London. Though a vast majority of English people continued to work at farming, it was the city that set the tone for business, pleasure, and an emerging consumer society. “When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life,” according to Samuel Johnson; “for there is in London all that life can afford.” The late eighteenth century witnessed a turn from palaces to plea- sure gardens open to anyone

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