FFoorreesstt GGrroovvee,, OOrreeggoonn HHiissttoorriicc CCoonntteexxtt For City of Forest Grove By Historic Preservation Northwest August 30, 2018 Forest Grove, Oregon: Historic Context Written by: David Pinyerd, Bernadette Niederer, and Holly Borth Historic Preservation Northwest 1116 11th Avenue SW Albany OR 97321 541-791-9199 www.hp-nw.com Written for: City of Forest Grove’s Historic Landmarks Board: Holly Tsur, chair Jennifer Brent, vice chair George Cushing, secretary Larissa Whalen Garfias Kelsey Trostle Bill Youngs Thomas Johnston, City Council Liaison James Reitz, Senior Planner Completed: August 30, 2018 Second Edition This publication has been funded with the assistance of a matching grant-in-aid from the Ore- gon State Historic Preservation Office and the National Park Service. Regulations of the U.S. Department of the Interior strictly prohibit unlawful discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, age or handicap. Any person who believes he or she has been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility operated by a recipient of Federal assistance should write to: Office of Equal Opportunity, National Park Service, 1849 C Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20240. Front Cover: Looking south down Main Street from the intersection with 21st Avenue around 1911. (Morelli Collection) Contents Project Overview ........................................................................................................................ 1 Historic Context Themes ............................................................................................................ 1 Temporal Boundaries ................................................................................................................. 1 Spatial Boundaries ..................................................................................................................... 3 Fieldwork Techniques ................................................................................................................ 4 Historical Overview .................................................................................................................... 7 Native Peoples of Oregon (10,000 BP - 1855) .................................................................... 7 Exploration (1792 - 1811) .................................................................................................... 8 Fur Trade and Missions (1812 - 1847) ................................................................................ 8 Settlement and Statehood (1848 - 1859) ............................................................................10 Civic Growth (1860 - 1884) ................................................................................................11 Local Government .......................................................................................................14 Plats ............................................................................................................................14 Builders .......................................................................................................................15 Newspapers ................................................................................................................15 Indian School ..............................................................................................................15 Progressive Era (1885 - 1913) ...........................................................................................17 City Council .................................................................................................................18 New Street Names ......................................................................................................18 Municipal Services ......................................................................................................19 Logging .......................................................................................................................21 Dairy ...........................................................................................................................21 Library .........................................................................................................................21 Streetcar .....................................................................................................................22 New Construction ........................................................................................................22 The Motor Age (1914 - 1945) .............................................................................................23 Transportation .............................................................................................................25 Utilities ........................................................................................................................26 Communications .........................................................................................................27 Industry .......................................................................................................................28 Commerce ..................................................................................................................29 Education ....................................................................................................................30 Religion .......................................................................................................................30 Recreation and Culture ...............................................................................................31 Building Activities ........................................................................................................31 The Atomic Age (1946 - 1983) ...........................................................................................33 Government ................................................................................................................34 Disasters .....................................................................................................................35 Industry .......................................................................................................................35 Commerce ..................................................................................................................37 Rev. 8/30/2018 Forest Grove, Oregon: Historic Context Page i Education ....................................................................................................................38 Religion .......................................................................................................................39 Recreation and Culture ...............................................................................................40 Building Activities ........................................................................................................42 Transportation .............................................................................................................43 Utilities ........................................................................................................................43 Resource Themes .....................................................................................................................45 Residential .........................................................................................................................45 Italianate (1860-1890) .................................................................................................45 Second Empire (1865-1885) .......................................................................................45 Queen Anne (1880-1905) ............................................................................................46 Colonial Revival (1890-2000) ......................................................................................46 Foursquare (1895-1920) .............................................................................................47 Craftsman (1905-1915) ...............................................................................................47 Craftsman Bungalow (1910-1925) ...............................................................................48 English Cottage (1920-1940).......................................................................................48 Minimal Traditional (1930-1950) ..................................................................................49 World War II-Era Cottage (1935-1945) ........................................................................49 Early Ranch (1945-50) ................................................................................................50 Ranch (1950-1965) .....................................................................................................51 Contemporary (1960-70) .............................................................................................51 Transportation ....................................................................................................................52 Education ...........................................................................................................................52 Historicist Buildings .....................................................................................................53 Modernist Buildings .....................................................................................................54