Project no. GOCE-CT-2003-505298 ALTER-Net A Long-Term Biodiversity, Ecosystem and Awareness Research Network Nature Conservation Management: From Idea to Practical Results: Chapter - Multifunctionality and biodiversity conservation – institutional changes Minna Kaljonen, Eeva Primmer, Geert De Blust, Maria Nijnik, Mart Külvik Edited by Tadeusz J. Chmielewski Deliverable Type: Publication Kaljonen, M., et al. (2007), Multifunctionality and biodiversity conservation – institutional changes. In. Chmielewski. T.J., ed Nature Conservation Management: From Idea to Practical Results, Poland: PWZN Print Contract Deliverable Reference Number: 2.R4.D6 Instrument: Network of Excellence Thematic Priority: Global Change and Ecosystems (Sub-priority 1.1.6.3, Topic 6.3.III.1.1) Due date of deliverable: August 06 Submission date: September 06 Start date of project: 1st April 2004 Duration: 5 years Deliverable lead contractor: The Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) Revision: 1.0 Work Package: R4 Document Reference Number: WPR4-2006-10 www.alter-net.info Nature Conservation Management: From Idea to Practical Results Research and education centers, whose activity particularly contributed to the creation of this book: European Commission 6th Framework Programme Agricultural University in Lublin, Department of Landscape Ecology and Nature Conservation A Long-Term Biodiversity, Ecosystem (LUA DLENC), Lublin, Poland and Awareness Research Network (ALTER-Net) International Centre of Ecology, Polish Academy of Science (ICE PAS), Łódź, Poland Finnish Environmental Institute (SYKE) Helsinki, Finland NATURE CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT: FROM IDEA TO PRACTICAL RESULTS National Environmental Research Institute (NERI) University of Aarhus, Denmark Edited by: TADEUSZ J. CHMIELEWSKI Polesie National Park Urszulin, Poland The main sponsor of the book: Province Environment Protection and Water Management Fund, Lublin, Poland Lublin – Łódź – Helsinki – Aarhus The Reviewers: CONTENS Eeva Furman (SYKE, Helsinki, Finalnd) – 7 articles Geert de Blust (INBO, Brussels, Belgium) – 6 articles Tadeusz J. Chmielewski (LAA DLENC, Lublin, Poland) – 3 articles Terry Parr Preface 1 . 7 Maciej Zalewski (ICE PAS, Łódź, Poland) – 1 article Eeva Furman & Fleming Skov Preface 2 . 9 Tadeusz J. Chmielewski Acknowledgements . 11 The language editor: Part 1 Tomasz Bylica NEW TRENDS AND IDEAS IN nature CONSERvation Allan D. Watt, Juliette C. Young Cover photos: Nature conservation in the EU and the DPSIR framework . 15 Tadeusz J. Chmielewski Michael Mirtl, Kinga Krauze Developing a new strategy for environmental research and monitoring: The European Long-term Ecological Research Network´s (LTER-Europe) Cover design: role and perspectives . 36 Szymon Chmielewski Minna Kaljonen, Eeva Primmer, Geert De Blust, Maria Nijnik, Mart Külvik Multifunctionality and biodiversity conservation – institutional challenges . 53 Janneke Vader, Pim Roza, Aris Gaaff The organization of nature compensation . 70 Martin Drechsler, Karin Ulbrich, Frank Wätzold, Karin Johst, Josef Settele A software tool for designing cost-effective compensation payments for species ISBN 83-87414-98-0 conservation . 80 Zita Izakovičová, László Miklós New conception of the nature protection in Slovak Republic . 86 Part 2 Nature CONSERvation MANAGEMENT AND sustainable DEvELOPMENT Printed by: PWZN „Print 6” Sp. z o.o., 20-218 Lublin, ul. Hutnicza 9 Cristiana Cocciufa tel./fax: (081) 746-12-80 A plan for best forest management in Italy: from theory to real effects on nature conservation. 101 Maria Nijnik, Bill Slee Towards sustainable development of Scottish native woodlands . 112 Maria Nijnik, Ihor Soloviy, Albert Nijnik, Anatoliy Deyneka Challenges and potential policy responses towards sustainable mountain areas development and nature conservation in Ukrainian Carpathians . 133 Tadeusz J. Chmielewski Nature conservation management system in the West Polesie Biosphere Preface 1 Reserve (mid-eastern Poland) . 150 Barbara Sowinska, Tadeusz J. Chmielewski . Landscape quality objectives as an element of local development strategy: the case of the Roztocze – Solska Forest Biosphere Reserve (mid-eastern Poland) . 178 At a time of increasing concern over the loss of biodiversity and its consequences for ecosystem services and human well-being this book is a timely addition to the literature on conservation management. It offers new insights into the way we should Part 3 conserve and manage biodiversity in the 21st century. It is based on the holistic view that conservation can no longer be confined to protected areas but must also include PUBLIC participation IN nature CONSERvation the wider countryside, whole landscapes and urban areas. It follows from this view Kirsten Isak Skogoey, Flemming Skov that nature conservation will be most successful if it is delivered by, and for, all sec- Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping – a model for public participation . 195 tors of society and is based on a better understanding of the environmental, social and Marina Fischer-Kowalski, Karlheinz Erb, Simron J. Singh economic benefits of biodiversity. Extending BRIM to BRIA: Social monitoring and integrated sustainability assessment . 208 We are beginning to understand what the main drivers and pressures of past biodi- versity loss have been and these include land use change, land management change, Monika Suškevičs and Mart Külvik. climate change, habitat fragmentation, atmospheric pollution and invasive species. Assessing the effects of public participation during the designation But if we are to manage and conserve biodiversity in the future we must understand of Natura 2000 areas in the Otepää Nature Park area, Estonia . 220 how these drivers and pressures interact and how society should react in order to miti- gate or adapt to future change. This requires a whole new range of inter-disciplinary Part 4 research to understand the ecological, social, economic and political processes that affect biodiversity inside and outside of protected areas. This book covers some of the ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES RESEARCH new approaches to research on conservation in this complex socio-ecological world, Michał Osowiec but it has a welcome emphasis on practical results and tools. Furthermore, it is a book Landscape Changes in the Basin of the Upper Włodawka River that brings together ideas from across Europe and moves us closer towards the estab- in the Polesie National Park in the 19th and 20th Centuries . 239 lishment of common principles for effective conservation management – principles that mostly operate across a range of scales and include local, national, continental Jacek Misztal, Katarzyna Pikunas, Elżbieta Kowalik, Andrzej Różycki The application of radio-tracking to dispersion and changes of areas assessment and global scale perspectives. of black grouse Tetrao tetrix in Polesie National Park . 253 The creation of research communities capable of undertaking such large scale in- ter-disciplinary work is a difficult process. The research underpinning this book is an outcome from one of the European Commission’s Networks of Excellence aimed at creating a Long-Term Biodiversity, Ecosystem and Awareness Research Network (ALTER-Net). One of the main objectives of ALTER-Net is to establish the inter- disciplinary research capacity to address the complex issues of biodiversity loss and the sustainable use and management of biodiversity related resources. This book is one of many examples of the success of that approach within ALTER-Net. Further Terry Parr examples of research relevant to conservation can be found through ALTER-Net’s web site (www.www.alter-net.info) and its International Press Centre for Biodiver- sity Research (IPCB), a portal for biodiversity-related news and press releases (www. biodiversityresearch.net). This book couldn’t have happened without the support of the European Commission Preface 2 in its 6th Framework Programme but it is primarily the result of active collaboration between research scientists from the 24 organisations from 17 countries contributing to ALTER-Net. I thank them for their efforts and hope that it represents just an early Most European countries find it difficult to reach the 2010 target on biodiversity de- example of the essential inter-disciplinary and collaborative work that will need to be spite the broad network of protected areas and strong legislation in Europe. So what done in the future if we are to continue to respond to the challenge of nature conserva- are the causes of the ongoing biodiversity degradation and what can be done about it? tion management in our ever-changing world. Since 2004, a consortium of 25 European research institutions has, through the AL- TER-Net-project, been planning and carrying out joint research on various new tools Terry Parr and models which could support more effective ways to manage biodi-versity. The Co-ordinator of ALTER-Net: „A Long-Term Biodiversity, Ecosystem consortium has raised two crucial issues: The first issue concerns gaps in the knowl- and Awareness Research Network” edge of the decision makers, including gaps in the forms in which knowledge is pro- duced and communicated. The second issue focuses on gaps between policies and 16.11.2007 their practical implementation and management, which relate to the processes and methods through which policies and management are being developed. Several studies have been carried out as part of the ALTER-Net collaboration. The implementation of the international goals on local levels, the use of cost-effective- ness in Natura 2000