Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics National Research Institute AQUACULTURE IN POLAND MULTIFUNCTIONALITY AND SUSTAINABILITY Krzysztof Hryszko 6th December 2019 , Warsaw market research department AQUACULTURE IN EU AND NATIONAL POLICIES PRIMARY GOALS OF EU POLICY PRIMARY GOALS OF NATIONAL POLICY - promoting sustainability and contributing to food - reach and hold the leading position in inland aquaculture production in security and supplies, growth and employment the EU STRATEGIC TARGET STRATEGIC TARGET - reducing administrative burdens LOW INTENSIVE - improving access to space and water - maintain the current area of production for extensive aquaculture - increasing competitiveness - increase the profitability of pond farms - exploiting competitive advantages due to high - strengthening and dissemination of environmental and social quality, health and environmental standards importance of carp production 1500 HIGH INTENSIVE 1200 - reach and hold the leading position in inland intensive aquaculture 900 production in the EU - expand the share of fish from domestic intensive aquaculture in 600 domestic market of fresh fish to at least 35% 300 EU aquaculture (ths mt) - doubling the deliveries of fish out of domestic intensive aquaculture 0 for processing sector 6th December 2019 , Warsaw 2 brackishwater freshwater marine BALANCE OF FISH AND SEAFOOD IN POLAND Aquaculture 43,3 ths mt (105 million EUR) Baltic catches 155 ths mt 45 Other aquaculture (9%) 3,7 36 Freshwater Export catches and 18,8 aquaculture 27 Salmonids (43%) 685 ths mt Supply of fish to the 58 ths mt domestic market 18 472 ths mt Carp (48%) 9 20,8 0 Deep-sea Import catches ths mt 895 49 ths mt [live weight equivalent, 2018] 6th December 2019 , Warsaw 3 FORM OF FISH PRODUCTION IN POLISH AQUACULTURE Production of consumption fish in aquaculture comprises four groups of activities: • Pond culture of carp and additional production of cyprinids and carnivorous species and crayfish (low intensive farming). • Farming of salmonids - mainly rainbow trout, european catfish and sturgeons in air ponds, tanks, raceways, cages, enclosures (intensive farming). • Farming of warmwater and coldwater fishes in recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) - salmonids, african catfish, sturgeons and atlantic salmon (high intensive farming). • Farming of sturgeons for the egg productions (caviar). In addition to the production of aquatic organisms intended for consumption, an important and increasingly part of national aquaculture is the production of hatcheries and nurseries at eggs stage and juveniles stage in life cycle. 4 LOW INTENSIVE VS. HIGH INTENSIVE AQUACULTURE low intensive production high intensive production low intensive production high intensive production 45% 46% 55% 54% by volume by value Average production value per employee: - low extensive farms - ca. 14 ths EUR - high intensive farm - ca. 52 ths EUR 6th December 2019 r., Warsaw 5 CARP PRODUCTION (LOW INTENSIVE AQUACULTURE) MAIN CHARACTERISTICS [2018] - production volume – 20,8 ths mt - production value – 41,5 million EUR - number of producers – 873 - pond areas cover about 62 ths ha - number of employees – 4,4 ths - 1st place in EU production 42 1077 292 136 345 volume of production by 1477 voivodships (mt) 1371 2241 883 3113 1860 1631 2013 1199 1861 1209 6 SALMONIDS PRODUCTION (HIGH INTENSIVE AQUACULTURE) MAIN CHARACTERISTICS [2018] - production volume – 18,8 ths mt (rainbow trout -15,9 ths mt) - production value – 54,1 million EUR - number of producers – 127 - number of employees – 850 - 5th place in world export (81 mio EUR) 9514 606 6831 20 52 volume of production by 178 190 0 voivodships (mt) 56 49 269 27 545 135 6 339 7 TRENDS IN AQUACULTURE IN POLAND [THOUSAND TONNES] 24 5 carp 20,8 other aquaculture 4 3,7 18 20,3 3,9 18,3 18,6 4,0 3 3,7 12 14,4 3,0 2 6 1 0 0 21 salmonids 18,8 The assumptions of the national strategy are very unlikely 14 16,3 to be achieved, which in first turn concerns the strategic 14,1 12,9 13,7 goal, i.e. the increase in production of intensive aquaculture 7 to 29 thousand tonnes. Therefore the fulfilment of detailed objectives is also doubtful. 0 6th December 2019 r., Warsaw 8 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT Inland fishery creates the smallest threat for the environment among agricultural activities. A properly managed fish farm does not create any ecological costs and moreover brings certain advantages. The management over manure, slurry, guano, etc., is a basic problem for any livestock products. In the case of fish production the quantity of that increases along with the increase of the feeding efficiency coefficient of feedstuffs. Feeding efficiency of trout at the level of 1:1 and of 1:2-3 in the case of carp (assuming 50% of diet comes from natural sources) makes the burden considerably lower than in other branches of livestock production. In addition the systems of water treatment reduce the quantity of biological wastes to negligible values. 6th December 2019 r., Warsaw 9 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT CO2 emission in animal protein production (kg CO2/kg production) The production of animal proteins is the most 1,2 farmed rainbow trout polluting branch of agriculture. Globally it generates more GHG gas emission than the whole 3,0 farmed salmon transport sector. In general, meat production out of 3,4 chicken mammals results in higher emission of GHG gases than aquaculture production. Therefore fish 4,6 pig production belongs to the branches creating one 15,2 of the lowest burdens for the environment. beef 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 Aquaculture production demands considerably less water than other branches of livestock production. In the case a closed cycle (system RAS) the production of 1 ton of trout demands less ca 10 m3 of water versus over 4 thousand m3 in the case of 1 ton of pork or poultry. Reflecting natural way of production 1 ton of carp demands considerably higher quantities of water (approx. 21 thousand m3). 6th December 2019 r., Warsaw 10 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT Main environmental advantages of aquaculture fish production are as follows: • water retention and improvement of water quality • improvement of water economy in agricultural areas, creation of an unique microclimate • support for biodiversity • ponds create a living space for large number plant and animal species • vital social, educational, environmental and recreational impact • ponds are a permanent feature of landscape Despite it the process of investments focused on elimination of negative outcomes or on increase of positive impact on the environment and improvement of efficiency of resource management is still inevitable. Multifunctional features of ponds are compensated within the framework of the EU operational programs (conditional upon fulfilment of a number of environment supporting activities). 6th December 2019 r., Warsaw 11 EXAMPLE OF MULTIFUNCTIONALITY AND SUSTAINABILITY The Milicz Ponds (Polish: Stawy Milickie) are a group of about 285 fish ponds in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, south-western Poland, in the valley of the river Barycz, close to the towns of Milicz and Żmigród. The ponds cover a total area of about 77 square kilometres (30 sq mi). The largest complex of fishing ponds in Europe, 800 year old tradition of fishing farming Due to their importance as a habitat and breeding ground for water birds, the ponds are a nature reserve (established 1963, area 53 km²), which is protected under the Ramsar convention (one of 13 such sites in Poland). Since 1996 it has also formed part of the larger protected area known as the Barycz Valley Landscape Park. 6th December 2019 r., Warsaw 12 FOREIGN TRADE OF SEAFOOD BETWEEN POLAND AND USA Export 59,1 million USD / 9,6 ths mt 2018 Import 79,1 million USD / 19,0 ths mt salmon 23,4 mio USD salmon 38,1 mio USD sprat, sardines 17,0 mio USD alaska pollock 32,1 mio USD herring 5,7 mio USD surimi 7,2 mio USD 90 2014 70 2015 m i 50 2016 o 30 2017 2018 10 U S -10 D -30 -50 6th December 2019 r., Warsaw 13 Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics National Research Institute THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION [email protected] Source: Izba Administracji Skarbowej (Ministerstwo Finansów) Ministerstwo Gospodarki Morskiej i Żeglugi Śródlądowej th Główny Urząd Statystyczny 6 December 2019 , Warsaw Morski Instytut Rybacki - PIB EUROSTAT/EUMOFA Instytut Rybactwa Śródlądowego.