DOCUMENT RESUME ED 097 998 PS 007 618 AUTHOR olconnell Dorothy, Comp.; And Others TITLE Research Relating to Children. Bulletin 29: September 1971-February 1972. INSTITUTION ERIC Clearinghouse on Early Childhood Education, Urbana, Ill. SPONS AGENCY Children's Bureau (DREW), Washington, D.C. PUB DATE Feb 72 NOTE 154p. EDRS PRICE HF-$0.75 HC -$7.80 PLUS POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS *Annotated Bibliographies; Child Development; *Children; Educational Research; Exceptional Child Research; Family Relationship; Health Services; Infant Behavior; Longitudinal Studies; *Research Methodology; *Research Projects; *Research Reviews (Publications); Social Services; Socioeconomic Influences; Verbal Development ABSTRACT This research bulletin includes reports of research in progress or recently completed from September 1971 through February 1972. Each entry includes information concerning the investigator, purpose, subjects, methods, duration, cooperating groups, and findings (if available). The reports arelisted under several topical headings:(1) Long-Term Research, (2) Growth and Development, (3) Special Groups of Children, (4) The Child in the Family, (5) Socioeconomic and Cultural Factors, (6) Educational Factors and Services, (7) Social Services, and (8) Health Services. In addition to the reports on research, an extensivereview paper entitled "The Vocal Behavior of Infants" is included. The paper presents a discussion of research methodology and datagathering strategies related to the descriptive characteristics of infant vocalizations, the learning theory approach to vocal behavior, conditioned vocal responses, conditioned response differentiation, reinforcer effectiveness, age and conditionality, and mother-infant interaction patterns. (SDH) cc7-, RESEARCH c:v RELATING TO L=A-1' CHILDREN U OE PARTMENT OF NEALTW EDUCATION WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HASBEEN REPRO DucED EXACTLY AS RECErvttt NOM TIE PERSON OR ORGANIZATIONORIGIN Atitoo IT POINTS Ox we*OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY SENT op T ictAL NATIONAL REPRE INSTITUTE Ox EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY Bulletin 29 Prepared by Dorothy O'Connell Richard Sorensen Charlene Brash September 1971-Februar) 1972 ,) ERIC Clearinghouse on Early Childhood Education ice NOTES: Research Relating to Children is prepared by theERIC Clearinghouse on Early Childhood Education under the direction of LilianG. Katz, Ph.D. Investigators who wish to submit abstracts of their researchprojects should address correspondence to: Research Relating to Children ERIC Clearinghouse on Early Childhood Education University of Illinois 805 West Pennsylvania Avenue Urbana, Illinois 61801 Research Relating to Children. Bulletin 29 wasprepared by the ERIC Clearing- house on Earl) Childhood Education pursuant toContract OCD-CB-02(C1), Children's Bureau. Office of ChildDevelopment, U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Contractorsundertaking such projects under Government sponsorship are encouraged to expressfreeiy their judgment in pro- fessional and technical matters. Points ofview or opinions do not. therefore, necessarily represent official Officeof Child Development position or policy. ii PREFACE Research Relating to Children. Bulletin 29 includes reports of research in progress or recently completed research. With the exception of Long-term Research, it does not repeat studies included in Bulletins 3 through 28. even though the are stillin progress. This issue. therefore, does not reflect all research relating to children, but only research reported to us from September 1971 through February 197:'. In addition to reports of research in progress, Bulletin 29 includes an extensivereview paper. This review, entitled The VocalBehavior of Infants. was prepared by Craig T. Ramey, Ph.D. and Leslie Hieger, B.A. at Wayne State University. The paper presentsresearch methodology and data gathering and topics including descriptive characteristics of infant vocalizations, the learning theory approach to vocal behavior, conditioned vocal responses, conditioned response differentiation, reinforcer effectiveness, age and conditionability, and mother-infant interaction patterns. Craig T. Ramey, Ph.D., principal author of the paper, is presently AssociateProfessor, Department of Psychology. University of North Carolina; and Senior ResearchInvestigator for Infant Development, Frank, Porter Graham Child Development Center,University of North Carolina, 625 West Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill. North Carolina 27514. We are grateful to Dr. Ramey and his associate for making their work available for inclusionin Research Relating to Children. Publication references and plans are cited in the abstracts of research in the bulletin.The Clearinghouse, however, does not maintain information on thepublications of these investigators. If you wish to obtain further details about any of the projects, pleasecheck professional journals in the appropriate field, or write directly to the investigator. We wish to thank investigators who have submitted reports of their research, and those who have informed us of other studies. We wish to acknowledge the valuable assistanceof the Science Information Exchange and the foundations which provide us withinformation about their research grants. Lilian G. Kate, Ph.D. Director ERIC Clearinghouse on Early Childhood Education To Research Investigators: This publication is only as complete as you are willing to make it. On page 147 you will find a form for reporting your current re- search. On page 151 you .will find a form to let us know of other investigators who are working in the field. Plcue 1(..us hear from you. Research Relating to Cnz Inn ERIC,'ECE 805 West Pennsylvania A. ...atm Urbana, Illinois 61801 iv CONTENTS TOPICAL PAPER The Vocal Behavior of Infants 1 References 14 LONG-TERM RESEARCH 19 GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT General 31 Ph) sical 32 Intellectual 41 Personality 48 Social 54 SPECIAL GROUPS OF CHILDREN Physically Handicapped 61 Mentally Retarded 63 Gifted 68 Emotionally Disturbed and Mentally III .68 Socially Deviant 71 Juvenile Delingueny 72 THE CHILD IN THE FAMILY Family Relations 77 Childrearing 81 SOCIOECONOMIC AND CULTURAL FACTORS 83 EDUCATIONAL FACTORS AND SERVICES General Education 91 Specific Skills 100 Special Education 104 SOCIAL SERVICES 109 HEALTH SERVICES 115 INSTITUTION INDEX 123 INVESTIGATOR INDEX 129 SUBJECT INDEX 133 OTHER ABSTRACTING JOURNALS AND SERVICES 145 SUMMARY OF RESEARCH REPORT FORM 147 101011 SWCOPY ERIC CLEARINGHOUSE ON EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION University of Illinois 805 West Pennsylvania Avenue Urbana, Illinois 61801 Lilian G. Katz Director The ERIC Clearinghouse on Early Childhood Education is one of 20 clearinghouses in the ERIC nation-wide system and is funded by the National Center for Educational Communication. Office of Education. U. S. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare. THE VOCAL BEHAVIOR OF INFANTS Craig T. Ramey and Leslie Hieger Wayne State University INTRODUCTION Theorists of speech acquisition have paid scant attention to the function of the child's vocal behavior before the time that he can utter recognizable words. Yet it is during the period of prelinguistic vocal behavior that the conditions which affect the onset and continuation of speech development might be most lily observed. Although a substantial body of research (which will be summarized later i paper) exists concerning the phonemic development of the infant's speech sounds, the vs is primarily of a descriptive nature rather than of an explanatory one. More effort has been expended trying to classify and codify speech products than has been expended in trying to determine the factors that tend to enhance or retard vocal production. One question often asked by pc..chologists and parents alike is, what is the relationship between earl) vocal output and later vocal production? Unfortunately we have extremely little information with which to anwer this question, and what information does exist seems to indicate no relationship (Winitz and Irwin. 1958 a). The types of measures which have been chosen to examine the relationship, however, have been very limited with respect to those potentially usable. Several studies (Kareltz, Fisichelli, Costa, Karelitz, and Rosenfield, 1964;Cameron.Livson, Bayley, 1967; and Spiker and Irwin, 1949) have related early vocal production to later intellectual development with somewhat mixed results.In general, a smallpositive relationship seems to exist between the two and perhaps a stronger relationship exists for females thr.a for males. The actual tracing of the processes or mechanisms that account for such correlations remains unaccomplished. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND DATA GATHERING STRA TEGIES Methods of investigating infant vocalizations fall generally into the classes of observation and experimentation. These two broad categories, of course, are common to all types of scientific research, and many of the more specific aspects of the methodology involved in studying infant vocal behavior (for example, research design) are not peculiar to this phase of psychology alone. Likewise, most of the problems involved in studying any aspect of infant behavior apply to vocalization as well. It is primarily techniques of data gathering, and to some extent data analysis, that differentiates the study of infant vocalization from many other areas of psychological research. Parental observation and recording of infant speech development were probably the earliest methodological techniques employed in the history of infant vocalization research.