REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT OF ZANZIBAR Public Disclosure Authorized MINISTRY OF FINANCE AND PLANNING Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Final Draft Public Disclosure Authorized BOOSTING INCLUSIVE GROWTH FOR ZANZIBAR (BIG-Z): INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized May 2020 Boosting Inclusive Growth for Zanzibar (BIG-Z): Environmental and Social Management Framework, 2020 REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT OF ZANZIBAR MINISTRY OF FINANCE AND PLANNING Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) FinalDraft Boosting Inclusive Growth for Zanzibar (BIG-Z): Integrated Development Project Prepared by: Project Management Team (PMT) Ministry of Finance and Planning P.O.Box 874 Zanzibar ii Boosting Inclusive Growth for Zanzibar (BIG-Z): Environmental and Social Management Framework, 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables .............................................................................................................................................. vi List of figures ............................................................................................................................................. vi List of Boxes .............................................................................................................................................. vi LIST OF ACRONYMS ......................................................................................................................... vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................... ix 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Project Objective and Results .............................................................................................................. 2 1.2 Purpose and Objectives of theESMF .................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Scope of the ESMF ................................................................................................................................ 3 1.4 Users of the ESMF ................................................................................................................................ 4 1.5 Approach and Methodology for Development of the ESMF ............................................................... 4 1.5.1 Overall Approach .......................................................................................................................................... 4 1.5.2 Methodology ................................................................................................................................................. 5 1.5.3. Principles of ESMF ........................................................................................................................................ 6 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................................. 7 2.1 Project Objectives and Outcomes .................................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Project Components ............................................................................................................................. 7 2.3 Implementation Arrangements .......................................................................................................... 10 3. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS ............................................................ 13 3.1 Overview of project area .................................................................................................................... 13 3.2 Key Valued Environmental Components in Project Area of Influence .............................................. 13 3.2 Bio‐Physical Features ......................................................................................................................... 14 3.2.1 Air Quality ................................................................................................................................................... 14 3.2.2 Climate ........................................................................................................................................................ 14 3.2.3 Climate Change ........................................................................................................................................... 15 3.2.4 Noise Emissions ........................................................................................................................................... 16 3.2.5 Surface Fresh Water Quantity and Quality ................................................................................................. 16 3.2.6 Groundwater Quantity and Quality ............................................................................................................ 19 3.2.7 Geology and Morphology ............................................................................................................................ 19 3.2.8 Soils ............................................................................................................................................................. 20 3.2.9 Vegetation ................................................................................................................................................... 21 3.2.10 Land Use .................................................................................................................................................... 21 3.2.11 Biodiversity ................................................................................................................................................ 22 3.3 Social, Economic and Cultural Conditions .......................................................................................... 23 3.3.1 Population and Demographics .................................................................................................................... 23 3.3.2 Urban facilities and services ........................................................................................................................ 24 3.3.3 Economic Activities and Livelihoods ........................................................................................................... 26 3.3.4 Cultural Heritage ......................................................................................................................................... 29 3.4 Existing Environmental and Social Challenges ................................................................................... 30 iii Boosting Inclusive Growth for Zanzibar (BIG-Z): Environmental and Social Management Framework, 2020 4. POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS ............................................................... 32 4.1 Zanzibar Environmental and Social Management Requirements ...................................................... 32 4.1.1 Policies Relevant to the Project .................................................................................................................. 32 4.1.2 Laws Relevant to the Project ....................................................................................................................... 33 4.1.3 Environmental Management Tools Applicable in Zanzibar ......................................................................... 36 4.1.4 Permitting Requirements for Project Development ................................................................................... 39 4.1.5 Legal Requirements by Project Phase ......................................................................................................... 40 4.2 Institutional Framework ..................................................................................................................... 42 4.3 World Bank Safeguard Standards and Guidelines ............................................................................. 43 4.3.1 Safeguards Policies ...................................................................................................................................... 43 4.3.2 Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines ............................................................................................ 45 5. BIG‐Z PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION ............................ 46 5.1 Activities Likely to Cause Environmental and Social Effects .............................................................. 46 5.1.1 Land Acquisition .......................................................................................................................................... 47 5.1.2 Mobilization of Resources ........................................................................................................................... 48 5.1.3 Construction Activities ................................................................................................................................ 48 5.1.4 Infrastructure Operations and Maintenance .............................................................................................. 48 5.1.5 Decommissioning ........................................................................................................................................ 48 5.2.1 Environmental Impacts ..............................................................................................................................