Kingdom of the Netherlands and Kingdom of Belgium — 2017 COLONIES OF BENEVOLENCE Management Plan Kingdom of the Netherlands and Kingdom of Belgium — 2017 Management Plan Colonies of Benevolence WORLD HERITAGE NOMINATION Colonies of Benevolence 2 Colophon title Management Plan Colonies of Benevolence principal Steering group Colonies of Benevolence, on its behalf Anne-Marie van den Bos, programme manager province of Drenthe ref./project number P1506 date 28 October 2016 description Management Plan to comply with the formal requirement of UNESCO as part of the nomination file of the Colonies of Benevolence. The Management Plan is an independent component of the nomination file (section 5 e). The plan consists of one main document on an overarching level serial transnational World Heritage site. For all the contiguous or adjacent Colonies, it contains an individual area section, in which specific matters are addressed. contact Site holder the Netherlands Wendy Schutte, province of Drenthe Site holder Flanders Philippe De Backer, Vzw Kempens Landschap (Landscape organisation of the Kempen region) Colony I Bernard Stikfort, municipality of Westerveld Colony II Bernard Stikfort, municipality of Westerveld and Monique Annotee, municipality of Weststellingwerf Colony III Marja van den Broek, municipality of Steenwijkerland Colony IV Huib Noltes, municipalities of Ommen/Hardenberg Colony V Kathleen De Clercq, Vzw Kempens Landschap Colony VI Johan Panman, municipality of Noordenveld Colony VII Kathleen De Clercq, Vzw Kempens Landschap advisors Henk van Kessel (NC Advies) Brendan McCarthy (LandKracht) Erik Opdam (NC Advies) 3 photography James van Leuven (J.L.) Siebe Swart (S.S.) Ludo Verhoeven (L.V.) Dirk Broeckx (D.B.) design Joke Gossé print Drukkerij Van Gorcum, Assen Disclaimer We have endeavoured to collect the visual material in this document with the utmost care and to indicate the sources. However, if you nevertheless consider certain images to have been used unlawfully, please get in touch with the contact address provided in Chapter 8a of the nomination file. Contents Summary 10 4 organisation colonies of benevolence 68 4.1 Administrative direction and frameworks 72 PART ONE: MAIN DOCUMENT 4.2 Site holder 73 4.3 Organisation at programme level 73 introduction 20 4.3.1 Chairmanship 74 4.3.2 Focal points Cultural Heritage Agency 1 outstanding universal value of the Netherlands (RCE) and Flanders colonies of benevolence 24 Heritage Agency (AOE) 74 1.1 Qualitative description 24 4.3.3 Implementing organisation 1.1.1 A significant and large-scale at programme level 74 social experiment 24 4.4 Organisation per Colony of Benevolence 75 1.1.2 New cultural landscapes 24 4.4.1 Administrative direction and frameworks 75 1.1.3 Poverty reduction through disciplining 25 4.4.2 Organisational structure at Colony of 1.1.4 Precursor: social and agricultural 25 Benevolence level 76 1.1.5 Landscapes of Memory 28 4.5 Involvement of stakeholders and 1.2 Substantiation of the OUV 28 local support 77 1.3 Integrity and authenticity 30 4.5.1 Involvement of stakeholders 1.3.1 Integrity 30 on an overall level 77 1.3.2 Authenticity 30 4.6 Advisory Committee for Science, 1.3.3 Attributes 31 Education and Quality 77 1.4 Starting points of the Management Plan 34 4.7 Spatial and landscape quality control 78 1.5 Status of the Management Plan 36 4.8 Maintaining consensus 79 2 location, buffer zone 5 main management challenges 81 and ownership 38 5.1 Collective responsibility for adequate 2.1 Maintenance and management of the management 81 attributes 38 5.1.1 Common and supported ambition 81 2.2 Management and maintenance planning 42 5.1.2 A powerful organisation based on 2.3 Long-term protection and rehabilitation collectiveness 84 objectives 43 5.1.3 Government management and protection 84 5.1.4 Protection nature values 85 3 safeguarding in legal and 5.1.5 Rehabilitation of landscape, nature and policy frameworks 45 buildings 85 3.1 International treaties, conventions 5.1.6 Recognition for management and and charters 45 maintenance of landscape and heritage 85 3.1.1 World Heritage 52 5.2 State of Conservation 86 3.1.2 European nature protection 52 5.2.1 Maintenance and management of the 3.2 National policies, laws and regulations 53 attributes 86 3.2.1 Outline of spatial and heritage policy in the 5.2.2 Planning of management and maintenance 86 Netherlands 55 5.2.3 Long-term objectives protection and 3.2.2 Outline of spatial and heritage policy in rehabilitation 87 Flanders 62 5.3 Dealing with trends and developments 87 5.3.1 Spatial developments 88 5.3.2 Management measures 90 7.2.2.1 Broad outline 130 5.3.3 Climate change and 7.2.2.2 Origins and current meaning 130 environmental impact 92 7.2.2.3 Colony I Frederiksoord 130 5.3.4 Natural disasters, calamities and risk 7.2.2.4 Colony II Wilhelminaoord, Boschoord management 92 and Oostvierdeparten 132 5.3.5 Recreation and tourism 92 7.2.2.5 Colony III Willemsoord and 5.4 Resources 93 Westvierdeparten 134 5.4.1 Costs regular management and maintenance attributes 93 7.3 safeguarding in legal and 5.4.2 Costs visitors’ centres 93 policy frameworks 137 5.4.3 Costs regular procedures laws 7.3.1 Legal and policy frameworks and regulations, including government Oorden and Parten 137 planning processes 93 7.3.2 State 137 5.4.4 Capacity and resources 93 7.3.3 Provinces 141 5.4.5 Distribution key costs arising from 7.3.3.1 Province of Drenthe 141 Management Plan 94 7.3.3.2 Province of Fryslân 143 5.4.6 Staff functions and qualifications 95 7.3.3.3 Province of Overijssel 144 5.5 The propagation of the World 7.3.4 Municipalities 144 Heritage site Colonies of Benevolence 96 7.3.4.1 Steenwijkerland 146 7.3.4.2 Westerveld 149 6 monitoring 100 7.3.4.3 Weststellingwerf 152 6.1 Monitoring purpose 100 7.3.5 Water authority: Water Board Drents 6.2 Monitoring method 101 Overijsselse Delta (DODelta) 154 6.3 Administrative agreements 107 7.4 organisation 155 7.4.1 Colony management in Oorden PART TWO: SUB-SECTIONS and Parten 155 7.4.1.1 Administrative responsibility 155 7 section colony i, ii and iii, 7.4.1.2 Coordination mechanism Oorden frederiksoord, wilhelminaoord, and Parten 155 boschoord, willemsoord, 7.4.1.3 Colony management 156 oostvierdeparten 111 7.4.2 Position and role provinces Drenthe, Fryslân and Overijssel 157 7.0 introduction 113 7.4.3 Feedback group Oorden and Parten 158 7.4.4 Relationship with the partners 7.1 outstanding universal value 115 in the area 158 7.1.1 Outstanding Universal Value Oorden 7.4.4.1 Society of Benevolence 159 and Parten 115 7.4.4.2 Steering group integral area 7.1.2 Integrity and authenticity 121 development Westerveld 159 7.4.4.3 Agriculture 159 7.2 colonies of oorden and parten 123 7.4.4.4 Other partners 159 7.2.1 Location and boundaries 123 7.4.5 Information provision residents 159 7.2.2 Qualitative description Oorden and Parten 130 7.5 dealing with trends 8.3 safeguarding in legal and policy and developments frameworks 199 7.5.1 Collective responsibility for adequate 8.3.1 Legal and policy frameworks management 160 Ommerschans 199 7.5.1.1 Common and supported ambition 160 8.3.2 State 199 7.5.1.2 Powerful organisation based on 8.3.3 Provinces 203 collectiveness 160 8.3.3.1 Province of Overijssel 203 7.5.1.3 Government management and protection 162 8.3.4 Municipality of Ommen 204 7.5.1.4 Protection nature values 164 8.3.5 Municipality of Hardenberg 204 7.5.1.5 Rehabilitation of landscape, nature 8.3.6 Water authority: and buildings 164 Water Board Vechtstromen 206 7.5.2 State of Conservation 164 7.5.3 Factors affecting Oorden and Parten 166 8.4 organisation 208 7.5.3.1 Developments and trends affecting 8.4.1 Administration office Ommen-Hardenberg Oorden and Parten 166 as colony manager 208 7.5.3.2 Climate change and environmental 8.4.2 Province of Overijssel 209 impact 174 8.4.3 Feedback group Ommerschans 209 7.5.3.3 Natural disasters, calamities and risk 8.4.4 Workshop Overijssel / Het Oversticht 209 preparedness 175 8.4.5 Forestry Commission and Foundation 7.5.3.4 Impact of recreation and tourism Participation Ommerschans 210 and/or visitors Oorden and Parten 176 8.4.6 Veldzicht 210 7.5.4 Sources of financing 177 8.4.7 Association Ommerschans 211 7.5.5 Promotion, information and education 8.4.8 Owners 211 in Oorden and Parten 177 8.5 dealing with trends 7.6 monitoring 179 and developments 212 8.5.1 Collective responsibility for adequate management 212 8.5.1.1 Common and supported ambition 212 8 section colony iv, ommerschans 181 8.5.1.2 Powerful organisation based on collectiveness 213 8.0 introduction 182 8.5.1.3 Government management and protection 213 8.5.1.4 Protection nature values 213 8.1 outstanding universal value 184 8.5.1.5 Rehabilitation of landscape, nature 8.1.1 Outstanding Universal Value and buildings 215 Ommerschans 184 8.5.2 State of Conservation 215 8.1.2 Integrity and authenticity 188 8.5.2.1 Preservation and management 215 8.5.2.2 Management tasks preservation 8.2 colony of ommerschans 191 and management 217 8.2.1 Location and boundaries 191 8.5.3 Factors affecting Ommerschans 219 8.2.2 Qualitative description Ommerschans 194 8.5.3.1 Developments and trends affecting 8.2.2.1 Broad outline 194 Ommerschans 219 8.2.2.2 Historical origins 194 8.5.3.2 Climate change and environmental 8.2.2.3 Current meaning 196 impact 224 8.5.3.3 Natural disasters, calamities and risk 9.4 organisation 255 preparedness 225 9.4.1 Kempens Landschap as colony manager 255 8.5.3.4 Impact of recreation and tourism 9.4.2 Technical Coordination Committee 256 and/or visitors Ommerschans 225 9.4.3